Adiabatic tsari

Sananne ne cewa cikin sauki, sabili da haka dole ne a kowa sabon abu a cikin yanayi, exhibiting mai ikon canza, shi ne don zafi jiki lokacin gogayya. Wadannan matakai suna kewaye da mu a ko'ina. Zafi canja wuri ne ba a inji, sunadarai, lantarki, da nazarin halittu da kuma sauran tsauri canje-canje. Zafi canja wuri taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wanzuwar kwayoyin rayuwa. Tuni wannan iri-iri na bayyananen gudana Azancin kammala da cewa wadannan mamaki na iya zama duka m da kuma cutarwa, duk abin da matsalar da aka warware ta mai bincike ko kirkiro. Wannan ne, a wasu lokuta, ake bukata don rabu da zafi, don ƙirƙirar da yanayin zama dole ga wani kayan aiki, na'urar ko naúrar.

Yana solves matsalar adiabatic aiwatar da bayanai wakiltar bambancin da thermodynamic tsari a cikin abin da ba musayar zafi makamashi na tsarin da muhalli. A sosai sunan wannan sabon abu a Hellenanci harshen tattaunawa game da yanayi - adiabatic ko, kamar yadda suka kira shi, da adiabatic nufin "impenetrable."

A zamanin d malaman sha'awar wadannan abubuwan, amma gaske kimiyya binciken yanayi daga 17th karni, a lokacin da na farko msar tambayar ka'idojin da aka tsara, samu kan gwaji aiki. Daga cikin na farko da masana kimiyya suka yi karatu da adiabatic tsari, wanda za a iya ambata Gericke, Robert Boyle, Edme Mariotte. A karshen biyu kasance na farko da theorists a cikin wannan filin, tsara wani sananne Boyle ta dokar. A farko-gwajen a cikin wannan yanki za'ayi a kan gas, don haka babban ɓangare na dokokin cewa faye hali adiabatic tsari, ya fada cikin wannan jiki yanayi. Daga baya, da ikon yinsa, na gudanar da bincike da aka ƙwarai kumbura, kuma a yau adiabatic mamaki karatu a wata iri-iri na mahalli, ciki har da nanotechnology matakin.

A batun kafin mu adiabatic tsari yana da wadannan yanayi da tsarin ba da ta bayyana. Idan al'ada thermodynamic mamaki peculiar gaban kadan musayar, wanda aka samu a sakamakon daban-daban tsauri interactions da yanayi, a cikin wannan yanayin, irin wannan musayar ba ya faruwa.

Akwai wata hanya zuwa daidai da adiabatic aiwatar da shifran, da dabara, wanda a cikin wannan hali zai bambanta bisa ga iri-iri na da tsari.

A general dabara da ta nuna wannan abun mamaki da shi ne kamar haka: A = -VU, inda A - aikin da ake yin wannan jiki tsarin, vu - adadin canji a ciki makamashi.

Akwai da dama iri na adiabatic matakai:

- adiabatically-isochoric guda daukan hotuna da aka sanya, a sakamakon wanda thermal yi rage m girma daga cikin cakuda kawai (V). Operation (A), kamar yadda gani daga dabara, a wannan yanayin, zai zama daidai da sifili.

- halin adiabatically-isobaric matsawa gwajin gas cakuda, Ina nufin ta girma an rage, da kuma aikin ya zama wani mummunan darajar.

- adiabatically-isothermal yana da kishiya Properties tare da girmamawa ga tsohon kuma halin da karuwa a juz'i na (ie, fadada daga cikin jiki), da darajar aikin zama tabbatacce.

Akwai misalai na adiabatic matakai, wanda ake aiwatar da duk wani nau'i na halitta mamaki, kazalika da mutum ya sunadaran da na'urorin. Saboda haka, su gaban da aka lura a yada sauti a cikin iskar gas. Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa da yanayi na Duniya ne adiabatic sikelin tsari a cikin abin da gas na constituting shi, yi wasu aikin, ƙara musu m makamashi. Wannan ka'idar yanzu mika wa wasu astronomical abubuwa.

Wadannan matakai ne ba a duk thermal inji kuma hanyoyin: locomotives, dizal locomotives, ciki konewa injuna da kuma sauran inda yake da zama dole don ware da canja wurin da zafi.