Air kai. Iri iska kai. A ci gaba da iska kai

Tun zamanin da, dukan al'ummai na duniya, da muhimmiyar rawar da aka sanya wa kai. Amma ga zamani mataki, da darajar motocin ya girma immeasurably. Don kwanan wata, kasancewar kowace ƙasa ne ba zai yiwu ba su yi tunanin ba tare da wani karfi sufuri.

New ci gaba a kimiyya da kuma fasaha

A karni na ashirin gan babbar canje da suka faru a duk duniyoyin na mutum aiki. Ba ta kasance ba wani togiya da iska kai. Its ci gaban da aka ciyar da girma da yawan jama'ar duniya, da karuwa a cikin adadin consumable kayan albarkatun, urbanization, zamantakewa, siyasa da kuma wasu dalilai.

Yana da ya faru da kimiyya da fasaha juyin juya halin da ya sanya shi yiwuwa a canja iska kai ba kawai quantitatively amma kuma qualitatively. An ce, a kowane lokaci da wajen mutum motsi ne musamman tsauri tsarin. Yana hidima a matsayin m sufuri tsarin na farko mabukaci daga daban-daban binciken da kuma nasarori a kimiyya filin. A lokuta da dama, da shi aka yi kai tsaye ta hanyar abokin ciniki ci gaba aukuwa.

Yana da wuya to suna da wani yanki na gudanar da bincike, wanda ba za su yi zama na kyautata na hanyar sufuri. sakamakon na jiki da kuma thermodynamic ci gaba suna amfani da shi don su ci gaba. A babba a wurin samar da sufuri dauki kimiyyar lissafi da kuma lissafi. Shiga don warware matsalolin da makanikai da chemists, ilmin Taurari da kuma geologists, masana kimiyyar da kuma wasu masu bincike. Development of kai, ciki har da iska, taimakawa ga sakamakon amfani da nazari a fagen inji aikin injiniya da kuma metallurgy, tsarin makanikai da kuma aiki da kai, astronautics da lantarki.

Da bukatar kara aukuwa

A zamani yanayin iska kai ne daya daga cikin gaggawa girma wajen harkokin sufuri. Babban kwatance na ci gaba da tattalin arzikin da sifirin jiragen sama kamar yadda ciwon muhimmiyar rawa. A ci gaba da iska kai ga kasar ne dole ne. Babban burin, wanda aka runtume a cikin wannan harka, shi ne ya kara da girma na sufuri na kaya da kuma fasinjoji a tsawon nisa da a m yankunan. A lokaci guda ya karu da bukatun ga iska kai. Yana dole ne ya zama mafi kudin tasiri da kuma na yau da kullum, dadi da kuma lafiya. Don cimma wadannan manufofi za su bukaci sabuwar a cikin zurfin nazari na daban-daban kimiyya filayen, kazalika da mafi tsanani ci gaban ayyukan.

Musamman iska kai

Aviation - shi ne ƙarami da high-gudun line, tsara don aiwatar da sadarwa links tsakanin yankuna daban-daban. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya fi tsada masana'antu.

Rasha iska kai - wannan shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na Sphere na kasa da tattalin arziki. Tare da shi tsĩrar da magunguna da kuma mail, masana'antu da kuma kayayyakin abinci ga mafi m sasanninta.

An ce, jirgin sama ne mafi m nau'i na sufuri. Yana bukatar wani hanyoyi da kuma ba ji tsoron wani iri-iri cikas. Shi ne saboda iska mutãne ya iya spacewalk.

Air kai yana da yawan abũbuwan amfãni. Da farko, shi ne high. A lokacin da wannan shi ne cimma wani kananan sirri a cikin kungiyar na fasinja kai. Bugu da kari, na zamani kamfanin jirgin sama na samar da nonstop flights a tsawon nisa.

Abin da jirgin sama ana amfani da zamani a jirgin sama?

Iri iska kai, wanda ake amfani da su a cikin kasa da tattalin arziki, da ba haka ba da bambancin. A zamani jirgin sama amfani da jirgin sama wanda aka gabatar daban-daban model na jirgin sama da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu. Dukan su suna yadu amfani da daban-daban ayyuka.

A kasa tattalin arzikin da aka ba mai yawa aiki jirage masu saukar ungulu. Wannan jirgin sama cewa tashi a cikin iska sarari ta hanyar juyawa ruwan wukake shirya a kan wani a tsaye shaft. Jirage masu saukar ungulu amfani:

- a lokacin yi da kafuwa ayyukansu.
- a cikin tsafta da kiwon lafiya da sabis.
- a aikin noma.
- gina bututun.
- magance kunno kai gandun daji gobara.
- ga karusa daga mail.
- domin taimakawa a fannin ilmin binciken kasa bincike.
- a matsayin hanyar sa idanu hanya zirga-zirga.
- don sadarwa tare da yanayin tashoshin da suke a cikin tsaunuka.

Sufurin kaya iska kai, jirage masu saukar ungulu gabatar da wani wurin shakatawa sanya gajeren nisa.

Ka'idar da jirgin sama ya shiga a cikin hulda da engine da gogayya da karfi na reshe daga.

Bambance-bambance a yi amfani da

A zamani jirgin sama da wadannan iri iska kai:

- ga fasinja kai.
- domin motsi na kaya;
- Utility (a hade):
- koyarwa da kuma horo.
- manufa ta musamman (tsafta, dabbobi, wuta, da dai sauransu).

Wannan gradation ne amfani dangane da kansu daga aikace-aikace, kazalika a kan manufar da jirgin sama.

Bambanci fasaha da kuma aiki sigogi

Domin fasinja iska kai da ake amfani, irin halayyar da iya aiki. Ga kaya na jirgin sama na su muhimmanci iya aiki. Domin iska kai a hade fasaha da kuma aiki siga ne jirgin iyaka ba tare da aiwatar da landings, kazalika da gudu. Bisa ga latest adadi ma rarrabe tsakanin mutum da iri da jirgin sama. Aircraft gudun iya zama a hankali fiye da gudun sauti. Akwai ma supersonic jirgin sama.

management jiki

Kai da iska na fasinjoji da kaya a Rasha ne a karkashin kai tsaye iko da jiha. A kasar akwai mikakke rarrabuwa da kuma management, kula da aikin masana'antu. A wannan yanayin, kowane kamfanin biya haraji a kan sabis manajoji.

Babban zartarwa jiki wanda ke sa ido iska kai ne Tarayya Agency of Rasha jirgin sama. Its main ayyuka:

- arziki na sabis don tabbatar da santsi aiki na iska kai.
- da bayar da lasisi ga kudin shiga ga tashi a kan kasa da kasa da kuma m Lines.
- Certification kamfanonin samar da jirgin sama ayyukan;
- dubawa na aikin makarantu na jirgin sama masana'antu.

Aircrew

Iska zirga-zirga iko - ba sauki. A ma'aikatan jirgin hada matukan jirgin da kuma navigators da jirgin cadets na makarantun, wanda suke Fit domin wannan aiki a kan cikar likita hukumar, kuma za a iya gudanar da wani nauyi.

Kowane memba na ƙungiya a lokacin da jirgin da aka zamar masa dole ya wassu sharudda bi da duk umarnin da aka ba wa jirgin controls. Don karkacewa daga hanya mai yiwuwa ne kawai idan akwai barazana da rayukan mutanen da suke kan jirgin ba.

Navigators da kuma matukan jirgin, ya kamata a bayar da approvals:

- horo jirgin, wanda ake da za'ayi a lokacin da rana ko da dare.
- to tashi a kan wani sabon canji na jirgin sama.
- zuwa takamaiman flights.

A wannan yanayin, duk tolerances dole ne a shiga cikin logbook. Ko da kuwa matsayin, kowane ƙungiya memba ake bukata zuwa sha wani shekara-shekara rajistan shiga a kan daban-daban iri jirgin horo. A wannan yanayin, sakamakon kamata kuma a shigar a cikin logbook.

Akwai wasu sharudda da kuma hutu ƙungiya tashi da jirgin sama. Saboda haka, a rana a cikin iska iya zama ba fiye da goma sha biyu hours. Irin wannan mai mulkin da aka kafa domin iska crews na jiragen. helikofta crews kamata ya yi kullum kammala ba fiye da awowi takwas.

aminci

Duk da matakan tabbatar da cewa jirgin bai wakiltar hatsari ga iska kai daga fasinjoji da za a dauka. A wannan connection, Federal Air sufuri Agency da aka aiwatar a ban a kan kawo taya a kan jirgin jirgin sama. Ta kuma shafi duk filayen jiragen sama a kasar.

Management of Air sufuri - Rasha sufurin jiragen sama - Notes cewa da barazana da ta'addanci a kan iska kai ne ba a warware. A dangane da wannan halin da ake ciki duk kungiyoyin da suka shafi sifirin jiragen sama, kazalika a duk filayen jiragen saman da aka yi niyya zartarwan, ya nuna bukatar da su aiwatar da duk jirgin aminci matakan. A cewar wannan takarda, da fasinja na da hakkin ya kawo a hannunka kaya da wani irin ruwa. Wannan haramta kuma ya shafi sirri kiwon lafiya. Su ne a ba a cikin kaya da aka bari ta amfani da fasaha kayan aiki don dubawa. Kawai bayan da cewa ruwa za a iya sanya a wani jirgin jirgin sama.

A cikin akwati inda fasinja a lokacin da jirgin, dole ne ka zama a mahallinsa da kwayoyi, su za a iya aiwatar a matsayin wani ɓangare na gida kaya kawai bayan nazarin tsaro da sabis na filin jirgin sama.

Irin matakan da fasinjoji ya kamata mu bi, su fahimta saboda ana dauka don tabbatar da tsaron lafiyar jirgin.