Jirgin sama "Airbus A350": ciki makirci, fasali da kuma sake dubawa

Daya daga cikin latest model na zamani jirgin sama ne wani jirgin sama, "Airbus A350". Shi ne misalta mafi m ideas na aikin injiniya. Amma, ba shakka, da jirgin sama, duk da share abũbuwan amfãni a kan ta fafatawa a gasa, yana da nasa drawbacks. Bari mu magana game da tarihin ci gaban da jirgin sama, "Airbus A350", bayyana ta babban fasaha halaye, kazalika da koyi farko reviews na fasinjoji da kuma masana.

line jirgin sama "Airbus"

Amma da farko bari mu magana game da jeri na fasinja iska kai yakin jirgin sama "Airbus" company, a matsayin karshe koyi ga wannan kungiyar jirgin sama ne kawai da "Airbus A350".

Faransa kamfanin "Airbus" da aka kafa a shekarar 1970 ta hanyar tattara abubuwa masu kyau da dama da aviamashin masana'antun. Tun da aka kafa, shi ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma da 'yan wasan a cikin kasuwar. An tsunduma a masana'antu na biyu yakin da kuma kayan aikin soji.

Tun da aka kafa, "Airbus" shiga wani m gwagwarmaya tare da rinjaye a lokacin da American m "Boeing" a cikin sifirin jiragen sama kasuwar. Kuma, dole ne in ce, wannan kishi ba, ba tare da samun nasara. Riga na farko jirgin sama, saki Turai damuwa a shekara ta 1972 (A300), shi ya zama Popular daga cikin kamfanonin jiragen sama. A sabon jirgin sama a duniya, ta farko twin-engine fadi-jiki da jirgin sama, wato, da ciwon biyu runs tsakanin fasinja kujeru. A 1974 aka kwantar da aiki mafi girma a Faransa iska m Air France da ake amfani da su a wannan rana.

Wannan ya biyo ta saki wadannan model na jirgin sama: A310, A320, A330, A340, A380. Bugu da ƙari, A320 line, tare da wani iyali na "737", shi ne a halin yanzu mafi mashahuri a duniya.

A karshe sabon daya da aka saki a 2013, "Airbus A350". Game da shi, kuma za a tattauna kara.

Fage a kan

Halittar wani sabon jirgin sama m "Airbus" da aka shirya a matsayin mayar da martani ga saki da kamfani "Boeing" jirgin sama 777 (1994) da kuma sanarwa na aikin Boeing-787 (farkon ci gaba - 2004). Karshe shi aka positioned a matsayin mafi tattali jirgin sama a duniya a cikin aji.

A mayar da martani, "Airbus 'shirya don saki da kuma inganta da kuma karin kudin-tasiri version na A330, ya kira ta A330-200 Lite. Wannan tanadi a kan gaba wajen ci gaban wannan model, wanda ya fara magana a cikin wannan a 2004, lokacin da aikin "787" da aka ayyana.

Amma, kamar yadda ya juya waje a cikin zane tsari ga cimma wannan burin da ake bukata, wani gagarumin canji. Don haka shi ne a 2006, ya sanar da kaddamar da wani sabon shiri, da ake kira "Airbus A350 XWB". A karshe wasika tsaye domin Karin Wide Jiki, wanda aka fassara a cikin Rasha nufin "matsananci-fadi da fuselage." Nan da nan, da shi da aka bayyana cewa, sabon jirgin sama zai zama mafi tattali domin man fetur fiye da "787", kuma ta tabbatarwa ta halin kaka zai kasance m fiye 8%.

A aiwatar da samar

Saboda haka, shi ne a shekara ta 2006 ya zama masomin a cikin halittar fasinja dogon zango fadi-jiki jirgin sama tare da biyu injuna, "Airbus A350".

A gaskiya, da ci gaba da dauki ba sosai lokacin, nawa ne yawanci ake bukata don gina jirgin a cikin aji. Yana dade shekaru shida. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa a cikin aiwatar da aikin kawo wani m tsarin canje-canje a cikin ainihin shirin, da kuma kamfanin ta so ya saki, a karshe, wani cancanci yin gasa a fara da 2009 surf iska sarari "787".

A karshen shekarar 2012 a karkashin serial number na jirgin sama MSN1 shi aka hawa daga cikin taro shop. A tsakiyar 2013 shi ya sanya na farko gwajin jirgin, kuma tun farkon shekarar 2015, na farko yau da kullum da fasinja jiragen A350 ya fara.

gyare-gyare

Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan tsari shine da zarar uku versions: da A350 - 800, A350 - 900 da kuma A350 - 1000.

"The Airbus A350 - 800" ya fara aiki a shekarar 2014. Its ciki da aka tsara don gudanar da 270 fasinjoji, da kuma jirgin da kewayon 15.700 kilomita. Wannan shi ne wani canji da wani taqaitaccen fuselage.

"The Airbus A350 - 900" da aka sa a cikin aiki a wannan shekara. Sami sama zuwa 314 fasinjoji shi, amma nesa ba ya iya tashi, ya dan kasa - 15 000 km. An wannan canji da aka dauke su da tushe.

"Airbus A350 - 1000" ya sanya na farko da Jirgi jirgin a 2015 kadai. Capacity na ta 350 fasinjoji da jirgin kewayon - 14 zuwa 800 km. Wannan tsari yana da wani elongated fuselage (idan aka kwatanta da baseline).

Domin mu bauta wa duk sunayen da gyare-gyare da ake bukata domin biyu matuka.

fasaha halaye

Yanzu, bari mu yi koyi game da zane da kuma fasaha halaye na jirgin sama, "Airbus A350".

Ainihin model yana da tsawon 66,8 m, da kuma gyara - 60,5 m da 73,8 m, bi da bi. Wingspan -. 64 m Height da jirgin sama gyare-gyare ne 16.9 m, da kuma aiki da reshe yanki - 443 m ^2.

Babban siffa daga cikin sabon zane na "Airbus" shi ne cewa shi ya kunshi fiye da 50% na kumshin kayan, wanda ya wuce wannan nuna alama na "Boeing 787". Har ila yau a cikin A350 aka yi amfani da saber reshe tips, wanda taba aka yi amfani a kan sauran model na kamfani "Airbus".

All gyare-gyare ga jiragen sama suna sanye take da biyu injuna Trent XWB, wanda suke iya a saman gudun 945 km / h. Bugu da kari, da jirgin sama kitted karin engine Honeywell HGT1700.

gida da kuma

Kowace daga cikin gyare-gyare da jirgin sama gida yana uku matakan ta'aziyya: na farko aji, kasuwanci da kuma tattalin arziki. Babu shakka, a cikin kowane daga cikinsu akwai gagarumin bambanci a cikin matakin da sabis da kuma ta'aziyya. Fasinjoji, dangane da kudi halin da ake ciki da kuma bukatun, za a iya zabar wani daga cikin uku samarwa azuzuwan a cikin "Airbus A350". Aircraft gida makirci ne da aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.

Babu jirgin sama ne cikakken ba tare da wani Matuka jirgin a duniya. Wannan shi ne batu daga abin da ka sarrafa jirgin na wani jirgin sama. Cab "Airbus A350" sanye take da latest na'urorin lantarki, halitta da fasahar ta zamani, wanda damar su fitar da biyu da hannu da kuma da taimakon da autopilot.

Reviews na fasinjoji da masana

Yanzu bari mu ga abin da ra'ayi da aka kafa game da sabon jirgin sama a ta farko fasinjoji da kuma masana.

Mafi yawa daga cikin abokan ciniki na kamfanin can ne ta ƙara gida ta'aziyya a kwatanta da sauran model "Airbus", kazalika da musamman jirgin softness, ba tare da iska Aljihuna da kuma sauran kananan matsaloli.

Masana sun jaddada cewa, sabon jirgin sama ne, haƙĩƙa mafi tattali jirgin sama na aji. Daga cikin rashin manyan manazarta lura babban kudin inji samarwa, kuma daidai da, da kuma ta sayar da farashin. Saboda haka, sabon Faransa jirgin sama duniya kasuwa, dangane da gyara, shi ne daga 260,9 zuwa 340,7 dala miliyan. Don kwatanta, da "787" An kiyasta ya zama tsakanin $ 218,3 zuwa 297,5 miliyan. Amma da tanadi a kan man fetur da kuma goyon baya da ke sa shi fiye da recoup bambanci a tsawon lokaci aiki. Har ila yau daga cikin ƙarara lura da wani karin matakin na automaticity a cikin management, ko da yake a wasu lokuta za'a iya gani da kuma mutunci.

Duk da haka, mafiya yawa daga cikin duniya masana ba tabbatacce kima na jirgin sama "Airbus A350" a general.

al'amurra

A halin yanzu, da "Airbus A350" da aka gane a matsayin mafi tattali da kuma m don kula da jirgin sama na aji. Bisa ga bayani dalla-dalla shi ya zarce ta babban gasa - "787". Yanzu dole mu yi jira domin mayar da martani Hakika na American kamfanin da kuma ganin abin da mu'ujiza da fasaha da shi za su iya hamayya ta Turai kishiya.

High tattalin arziki halaye za su cimma mafi girma a kan sabon Faransa jirgin sama bukatar daga cikin duniya jagorancin kamfanonin jiragen sama. Saboda haka, a lokacin akwai riga umarni ga samar da 764 raka'a jirgin sama daga 39 kamfanonin jiragen sama. Daga gare su, kamar Qatar kamfanin Qatar Airways, Vietnam Vietnam Airlines, Finnair Finnish, Portuguese TAP Portugal, da Spain Iberia. "Airbus A350", wanda da cabin makirci maximizes fasinja raba daban-daban kudi arziki, da kuma iya aiki - domin ya ceci a kan ƙarin flights za shakka ji dadin da kuma kara rare tare da abokan ciniki kamar yadda ba za a yi tsayayya da su a cancanci yin gasa.

Amma ci gaban fasahar ba tsaya har yanzu, da kuma fitowan na sabon jiragen tare da mafi fi inganci da kuma tattalin arziki halaye - shi ne kawai wani al'amari lokaci.