Aircraft m "Liaoning". A flagship na rundunar motoci na kasar Sin

China saya daga Ukraine a 1998, wanda ba a kare tsohon Tarayyar jirgin sama m na Navy "Varyag" da kuma a cikin 2002, a karshe samu shi. Bayan wani gwaji refit a wata masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a birnin Dalian da ke arewacin kasar Sin da jirgin da aka samu izini a watan Satumba 2012 da kuma sake masa suna da "Liaoning" girmama na arewa maso gabashin lardin. Babban aikin da jirgin - bauta a matsayin wani atisaye na Sin sojojin ruwa don samun kwarewa a cikin aiki na zamani da jirgin sama m, kazalika da ci gaba da inganta fasahar da cewa za a yi amfani da lokacin da zayyana da kuma gina jiragen ruwa na wannan aji.

lalata samfurin

A baya can, jirgin sama m "Liaoning" da aka sani a matsayin mai nauyi jirgin sama-dauke da jirgin ruwa na soja "Riga". Da shi shi ne na biyu jirgin na Project 1143.5 (aji "Admiral Kuznetsov") Soviet Navy. 67,500-ton jirgin aza a kan Black Sea masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a Nikolaev, Ukraine, 12.06.85 da kuma kaddamar a kan 04.12.88. Yana sake masa suna da "Varyag" a watan Yuli 1990. Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet a 1991, ikon mallakar shi aka canjawa wuri zuwa Ukraine. Saboda rashin kudi da gina aka tsayar a shekarar 1992. By cewa lokaci, 70% na jiragen jigilar aka gina. Fasali, da jirgin da aka kammala ba, amma babu makamai, Electronics da shasi.

China a karon farko ta nuna sha'awarta a cikin "Varyag" buying a shekarar 1992. Official wakilan kasar Sin ya ziyarci jirgin, sa su a kwata Nikolaev masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, amma tattaunawar ta kasance ata saboda wata muhawara a kan farashin. A sakamakon haka, ba a kare ba "Varyag" zauna a cikin jirgin ruwan unattended for 6 shekaru. A karshen shekarar 1990, cikin jirgin da aka auctioned da kuma saye da wani kamfanin kasar Sin a Macau for $ 20 miliyan domin hira cikin wani iyo gidan caca da kuma wani wurin nishadi. The kwangila tare da Ukraine dakatar da mai saye su yi amfani da jirgi a soja dalilai. Kafin sayar da duk jiragen yakin kayan aiki da aka dismantled.

Daga cikin iyo gidan caca da flagship na Navy na kasar Sin

A 1999, shekaru 11 bayan kaddamar, "Varyag" karshe bar dok, kore da dama da karfi tugs zuwa Far East. Duk da haka, da jirgin ya ki wuce, ta hanyar da Bosphorus Turkish gwamnati a kan filaye da cewa jirgin ne de-cikaken kuma shi ne ma babban mai hadarin zuwa wasu tasoshin da kuma abubuwa a cikin mashigar. "Varyag" da aka located a kusa da mashigar a cikin shekaru uku. Bayan da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta shiga tsakaninsu kuma a 2001 Turkey canjawa wuri $ 1 da miliyan matsayin garanti, da jirgin karshe an yarda su ci gaba da tafiya.

Nuwamba 4 "Varyag" ya mai 10-aya hadari, kuma m anga kusa da Girkanci tsibirin Skyros. Bayan da yawa a samu nasara a sake samu iko da jirgin, mai saukar ungulu na Greek Coast Guard kwashe da 7 ma'aikatan jirgin. Bayan fall lokacin da ƙoƙarin hašawa a ja igiya Tug ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa mutu Haliva Champion. A jirgin ruwa da aka sake kawo a karkashin iko a kan wannan rana.

Bayan wani m tafiya "Varyag" a watan Maris 2002, a karshe ya isa a Dalian masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a arewacin kasar Sin, kuma ya kasance a can karkashin nauyi tsare. By lokacin da shi ya zama na fili da cewa jirgin ne a cikin nishadi za a sāke abada. Maimakon haka, shi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa da Navy na kasar Sin domin gudanar da bincike da kuma sabuntawa. Tare da jirgin, kasar Sin ta samu cikin zane da kuma aikin takardun. A shekarar 2005, jirgin jigilar an koma wani bushe dok na Dalian masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa da kuma fentin m sojan ruwa jiragen ruwa a kasar Sin.

Restoration aikin da aka kammala a karshen 2006. Sa'an nan a watan Afrilu 2009, jirgin da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani bushe-dok ga shigarwa na injuna da sauran nauyi kayan aiki. Girkawar ya fara a karshen shekarar 2010. By Maris 2011 da superstructure a kan babba bene ya kusan gama, gama zanen da scaffolding cire.

"Research jirgin ruwa"

A watan Yuni na shekarar 2011, shugaban ma'aikatan na jama'ar kasar Liberation Army, Janar Chen Bingde ya tabbatar da cewa, kasar Sin da aka gina wani jirgin sama m. Ya na farko na aikin amincewa da wanzuwar irin wannan wani aiki. 27 Yuli, kasar Sin ta ma'aikatar tsaron ya sanar da cewa zai sake ba da jirgin ruwa na "kimiyya da bincike, gwaje-gwajen da kuma dalilai na horo." A farko hudu-rana teku gwaji jirgin da ya faru a watan Agusta, sa'an nan ya fara da biyu jerin gwaje-gwaje a cikin Disamba, kafin aka mayar da su zuwa ga ma'aikata domin finalization.

Satumba 25, 2012 jirgin da aka hukuma da ya sa a cikin aiki a karkashin sabon sunan jirgin sama m "Liaoning» (CV-16). A watan Nuwamba, ma'aikatar tsaro ta tabbatar da cewa kasar Sin jirgin saman soja J-15 nasarar kammala shi shige da takeoff da kuma kama kaya. Danna kasar Sin ya nuna cewa matukan jirgin horo zai ci gaba ga 4-5 shekaru har da jirgin ba zai isa ta matsakaicin m.

bene-tushen jirgin sama

A flagship na rundunar motoci na kasar Sin da jirgin sama m "Liaoning" yana da wani gajeren titin jiragen sama, sanye take aerofinishem. Take-kashe yana yuwuwa ta gaban hanci gangara kwana 14 °. A bene sanye take da wani birki na USB. Biyu lifts a gefen dama na jirgin ruwa gefe tafi da jirgin sama daga rumfar ajiye jiragen sama zuwa ga jirgin bene.

USS "Liaoning" m na dauke da 24 "tashi shark" - multipurpose bene mayakan Shenyang J-15, ciki har da su biyu bambance-bambancen - saman soja horo J-15S. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ake bayyana da dama iri shipborne jirage masu saukar ungulu, ciki har da jirage masu saukar ungulu na kasar Sin da samar Changhe Z-18, Z-18J AEW kuma Z-18F sawa, Harbin Z-9 kazalika Ca-31. Jumillar adadin hawa aircrafts - 36 raka'a.

makamai

"Variag" da aka asali sanye take antiship makami mai linzami tsarin "dutse» (SS-N-9 shipwreck). A shirin mai gabatarwa An dismantled da sayar da jirgin zuwa kasar Sin, da kuma wani makami mai linzami tushe - a lokacin da hira, da kara yawan size of wani jirgin sama rumfar ajiye jiragen sama.

USS "Liaoning" tsarin sanye take da short-range iska tsaro, wanda aka hada da hudu makami mai linzami tsaron tsarin HQ-10 (FL-3000N), kowane tare da wata 18-makami mai linzami gabatarwa, kama da wani baki-116 tsarin amfani da Amurka Navy. Gyara na gajeren zango da makamai masu linzami "iska-to-air» TY-90, HQ-10 sanye take da dual m radar, wani infrared abin da ya ƙunsa kai, kuma yana da iyakar kewayo na 9000 mita. Yana siffofi da kuma inganta version m aiki infrared kai, kuma yana da iyakar kewayo na 10000 m.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, USS "Liaoning" sanye take da tsari biyu na gajeren zango makaman irin 1030, wanda wakiltar wani 10-ganga embodiment 730 CIWS irin tsarin. Don a 10-ganga 30 mm gun 2 ana ciyar da akwatin 500 ammonium. Daya kantin sayar da mafi yawa ana cajin m makamai sokin ammonium. Komai harsashi an jẽfa gaba daga kasa daga cikin tsarin. A gun ne sarrafawa daga waje, tare da wani matsakaicin kudi na 3.5-6 dubu. Shots / min. Its harbi range aka iyakance zuwa 3000 m, amma a raga yawanci shafa a nesa na 1000-1500 m.

Sadarwa da kuma tsarin manufa ganewa

Sin ta jirgin sama m "Liaoning" sanye take da irin wannan kewayawa na'urorin:

• radar manufa ganewa type 382 Eagle S / C (saman mast ne a haɗe).
• marine radar.
• wuta iko radar HQ-10 Sam.
• Radar manufa ganewa type 346 da wani sa na hudu aiki eriya iri-iri tare da electronically leka a kan gada.
• radar jirgin sama.
• kewayawa radar.
• sadarwa eriya.
• tauraron dan adam tasa.

ikon shuka

Aircraft m "Liaoning" sanye take da misali powerplant kama da shigarwa na jirgin "Admiral Kuznetsov" Rasha Navy. Ya kunshi 8 boilers da hudu tururi turbines na 50,000 lita. wani. kowane. The jirgin sanye take da hudu rollers da tsayayyen farar propellers.

Aircraft m "Liaoning": Tartus

A watan Satumba na 2015 da aka ruwaito cewa, kasar Sin sojojin ruwa ta flagship shige da Suez Canal da kuma je ga tekun na Syria. Israeli soja m yanar da'awar cewa jirgin sama m "Liaoning" isa a Tartous, Syria, tare da shiryar da makami mai linzami jirgin ruwa na soja. A zuwa na jiragen yaki da jirage masu saukar ungulu, sa ran ta tsakiyar watan Nuwamba kai tsaye daga kasar Sin via Iran ko da taimakon Rasha kai da jirgin sama tushen a cikin jirgi, kuma a Rasha tushe kusa Latakia.

Sin soja gwani hana wannan. Ya kuma bada tabbacin cewa, kasar Sin za su goyi bayan wani rukuni ko mutane a Syria, manne ga gaskiya da kuma makasudin tsarin kula da wannan batu. Bugu da kari, a Syria soja source ce cewa babu Sin warship bai je a Syria yankin ruwayen.

Tekun kudancin China tashin hankali

Ina jirgin sama m "Liaoning"? The jirgin ne kusa da kasar Sin ta yankin ruwan da hidima a matsayin nuna karfi a yankin, a cikin abin da tashin hankali da aka girma shekaru da dama, kazalika da ga horo na ƙungiya da kuma sojan ruwa jirgin sama. Bayan na biyu jirgin na wannan aji za a gina da ewa ba, amma kawai ta kansa samar. A springboard for ƙaddamar da jirgin sama da za a yi amfani da sake, wanda, ko da yake shi damar da jirgin sama da wani sashe mafi kaya, idan aka kwatanta da ikon electromagnetic catapults, a yi amfani da kusan dukan jirgin sama dako na Amurka Navy iya ba.

Tare da biyu jiragen ruwa na wannan aji, kasar Sin za ta zama wata memba na wani Elite kulob din - shi ne yawan aiki tasoshin ne kawai domin Italy da kuma India. Baya ne Amurka Navy ta goma most warships a duniya.