Alexander Selkirk: a takaice biography

Robinson Crusoe - a almara, hali a cikin littafin Danielya Defo, da farko da aka buga a 1719 a cikin wannan shahara aikin Robinson Jirgi Ya Yi Haɗari da ya sami kansa a kan tsibirin, tsira kadai kafin saduwa Jumma'a, wani m tsibirin mazaunin.

Alexander Selkirk: biography

Tarihi Defoe, duk da haka, ta dogara ne a kan real renon Scottish ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. A samfur na Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk (photo na mutum-mutumi da aka gabatar daga baya) aka haife shi a 1676 a kananan kama kifi kauye na Lower Largo, a Fife, Scotland, a kusa da bakin Firth na Forth.

Ya aka hayar da boatswain a kan jirgin "Sankey yana da" haruffa na marque kuma je domin yin iyo a 1702-m. Masu da jirgin sun samu ne daga Ubangijin Admiral corsair lamban kira, wanda ba kawai damar m jiragen ruwa hannu kansu don kare kai da kasashen waje jiragen ruwa, amma kuma sanctioned da hari a kan su, musamman a kan waɗanda suka yi hijira daga tutar Birtaniya-maƙiyi kasashen. A gaskiya ma, privateering ya ba daban-daban daga 'yan fashin teku - fashi ya kuma wata hanya zuwa sami kudi a matsayin al'ada Maritime cinikayya tsaya a lokacin yaki.

Fate "Sankey sa'an nan" da aka inextricably nasaba da wani marque yanzu jagorancin Kyaftin "St. George" William Dampier.

A lasisi don fashi

A Afrilu 1703 Dampier bar London a kai na balaguro, wanda kunshi biyu jiragen ruwa, da na biyu na wanda aka kira "Fame" kuma yana ƙarƙashin umarnin Captain ja. Amma duk da haka ko da a gaban jiragen ruwa bar Downs, da shugabannin da wani fadowa daga, da kuma "Fame" tashi, ya bar cikin "St. George" a kawaicin da nake yi. Dampier tashi a cikin Kinsale, Ireland, da kuma a can ya gana da "Sankey Porus" a karkashin umurnin Pickering. Dukansu tasoshin sun yanke shawarar shiga sojojin, da kuma wani sabon yarjejeniyar da aka kammala tsakanin biyu shugabannin.

Dampier aka hayar da Thomas rakiya, sai ya aika wani balaguro zuwa ta Kudu Sea (Pacific Ocean) don nemo da washe Spanish jiragen ruwa shari taskõkin. Biyu shugabannin sun amince su gudãna tare da bakin tekun na Kudancin Amirka da kuma kama da Spanish jirgin a Buenos Aires. Idan samarwa ya 60 000 fam ko fiye, da balaguro ya koma nan da nan zuwa Ingila. A hali na rashin cin nasara sahabbansa ya shirya ya gudãna a kusa da Cape Kakakin don kai farmaki da jiragen ruwa Spanish dauke da zinariya daga mahakar a Lima. Idan wannan shi ne ba zai yiwu, an amince wa gudãna zuwa ga arewa da kuma kokarin kama da "Acapulco", Manila jirgin, kusan ko da yaushe dauke da wata taska.

m-fated balaguro

Privateering balaguro bar Ireland a watan Mayun 1703, da kuma yadda kuke matsawa abubuwa fara tafiya gaske da kyau. Shugabanni da ma'aikatan jirgin yayi musu yawa, sa'an nan Pickering fadi da rashin lafiya kuma ya rasu. Ya aka maye gurbinsu da Thomas Stradling. Shawara, duk da haka, ba su daina. Sabani ne saboda zargin da ƙungiya, shugaban Dampier ya ba isasshe hukunci a yin fashi wucewa farillai kuma, kamar yadda wani sakamako, da yawa na samar aka rasa. Haka kuma an zargin cewa, bayan da manufa shi ne cikakken, da shi da abokinsa Edward Morgan ba ya so ya raba ganima da ƙungiya.

A watan Fabrairu 1704 a lokacin da wani tasha a tsibirin Juan Fernandez tawagar "Sankey ya" ya tayar, ya ƙi koma a kan jirgin. The ƙungiya koma zuwa ga jirgin bayan da baki na Captain Dampier. Don yin al'amura muni, filafili da kaya da aka bar a tsibirin, bayan da tawagar ta doke mai gaggãwa mãsu bãyar da bãya, ganin Faransa jirgin. Kamar yadda muka ci gaba da tafiyarta, Cleaning da kuma gyara jiragen ruwa, dole a hana lalacewar da jirgin tsutsotsi da aka rasa, da kuma kotun ba nan da nan ya gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu. By cewa lokaci, dangantaka tsakanin biyu teams sun kai aya, sa'an nan suka amince da kan kai da Gulf of Panama, ya raba ganima da kuma tafi.

Bore a kan jirgin

A cikin watan Satumba 1704 da "St. George" tanã gudãna da kuma "Sankey ya" koma zuwa Juan Fernandez, a wani yunkurin maido da su filafili da magudi, amma ya juya daga cewa Faransa jirgin ya ɗauki su. A nan ne da boatswain Alexander Selkirk tayar, sun ƙi ka ci gaba. Ya gane cewa yanayin da jirgin ya haka bad, kuma dangantakarsa da Captain Stradling haka siga cewa ya fi son ya yi kokarin su luck da kuma kasa a kan Mas-a-Tierra, daya daga cikin inda ba wanda yake zaune tsibirin na Juan Fernandez. Ya aka bar wata bindiga, wuka, gatari, hatsi da kuma taba, kazalika da Littafi Mai Tsarki, addinin wallafe-wallafe, kuma da dama kewayawa na'urorin. A karshe lokacin Alexander Selkirk tambayi dauki shi a kan jirgin, amma ya ki Stradling.

A sakamakon ya juya waje, ko da nufinsa, ya ceci ranka. Bayan tashi daga Huana Fernandesa kwarara "Sankey ta lokaci" ya zama haka karfi da cewa matukan jirgin da aka tilasta watsi jirgin da kuma canja wuri zuwa rafts. Yana tsira kawai 18 matuƙan wanda suka gudanar ya isa bakin tekun na Kudancin Amirka, inda suka kama. A Spain da al'umma suka tuhumce, sa'an nan da matukan jirgin da aka sa a kurkuku.

Alexander Selkirk: Island rai

Kusa da gaɓar tekun ya samu wani kogo inda ya iya rayuwa ba, amma a farkon watanni kasance haka tsorata ya warewa da kuma Loneliness cewa da wuya bar tudu, cin abinci mai Shellfish. Alexander Selkirk - da samfur na Robinson Crusoe - rana zaune a kan rairayin bakin teku, staring a sararin sama tare da begen ganin jirgin, wanda zai yi ceto da shi. Fiye da sau daya ya ma contemplated kashe kansa.

M sauti zuwa daga zurfin tsibirin, firgita da shi, kuma da jũna a zama kukan daji mashaya jini dabbobi. A gaskiya ma, sun buga da itatuwa da cewa ya fadi da karfi da iska. A gabar Selkirk zo ne kawai a lokacin da aka kama da rairayin bakin teku da daruruwan teku zakuna. Akwai da yawa, kuma sun kasance, don haka babbar kuma da ban tsoro, cewa ya bai yi kuskure ya kusanci ga tudu, inda kawai tushen masa abincinsa.

Sa'a, da kwarin yana cike da lush ciyayi kusa, musamman kabeji itatuwan dabino, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin babban kafofin abinci. Bugu da ƙari kuma, Selkirk gano cewa, tsibirin da aka sanaki yawa awakin jeji, mai yiwuwa bar can ta fashi. A farko, ya farauta su da bindiga, sa'an nan, a lokacin da na gama da gunpowder, ya koya wa kama su tare da hannuwanku. A karshen, Alex 'yan kiwo a gida da kuma ciyar da su da nama da madara.

Masifa na tsibirin mai girma ferocious berayen cewa yana da wani al'ada na cizon hannuwansa da ƙafafunsa, yayin da ya barci. Abin farin, a tsibirin daji Cats rayu. Selkirk hõre ɗan, da kuma da dare suka kewaye gadonsa, kare shi daga hakori.

illusive bege

Alexander Selkirk mafarkin na ceto da kuma kowace rana neman fitar ga wani ze tashi, lit da fitilu, amma ya dauki shekaru da dama kafin jirãge ziyarci Cumberland Bay. Duk da haka, da farko ziyara da aka ba quite kamar yadda ya sa ran.

M, Alex garzaya zuwa banki domin sigina biyu jiragen ruwa ya ragu anga kashe bakin tekun. Nan da nan da ya gane, cewa su, Spanish! Tun da Ingila da kuma Spain sun kasance a yaki, Selkirk sani jiran sa a bauta rabo fi mutuwa, ya da wani rabo bawa a wani gishiri mine. The search jam'iyyar komai a fili, kuma Inã gani "Robinson", suka fara harba a shi har sai da ya gudu da kuma boye. A karshen, da Spain tsaya neman da da ewa bar tsibirin. Tsere talala, Alex ya kõma zuwa ga fiye da abokantaka Cats da awaki.

farin ciki ceto

"Robinson" a tsibirin zauna shi kadai domin shekaru hudu da watanni hudu. Ya aka ceto daga wani caper jagorancin Kyaftin Woods Rogers. A cikin jirgin ta log, wanda ya jagoranci a lokacin wannan sanannen tafiya, Rogers ya bayyana lokacin ceto Selkirk a watan Fabrairu 1709.

"Mun isa a tsibirin Juan Fernandez 31 Janairu. Restock, mu zauna a can har sai Fabrairu 13th. A tsibirin, sai muka tarar ba daya Aleksandra Selkirka, a Scotsman wanda aka bari a can da Captain Stradling, tare Captain Dampier a karshe tafiya, kuma suka tsira shekaru hudu da watanni hudu, ba tare da wani daya rayayyen taliki, da wanda ya iya sadarwa, kuma ba guda da tauraron dan adam, fãce awakin jeji. "

A gaskiya ma, Selkirk, duk da ya tilasta kawaicin da nake yi, ya ga yarda cewa ya zo a kan matsayin koyi cewa a cikin ceto shi ne m-fated tafiya Kwamandan "Sankey sa'an nan" da kuma yanzu da matukin jirgi a kan jirgin Vudsa Rodzher Dampier. A ƙarshe, ya aka rinjayi zuwa bar tsibirin, kuma ya aka nada mataimakin ga jirgin Rogers "Duke". A shekara, bayan da kama da Spanish jirgin Nuestra Senora de la Incarnacion Disenganio, shari zinariya, ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Alexander Selkirk da aka samar a boatswains sabon balaguro jirgin, sake masa suna da "tuzuru".

samu

Iyo Woods Rogers ya ƙare a 1711 zuwa na Thames. A samfur na Robinson Crusoe, Alexander Selkirk a kan dawowarsa zama yadu a san. Duk da haka, ya aka kira su zuwa ga bayar da shaida a lokacin da kotuna da William Dampier Elizabet Kresvell, 'yar mai shi na farko balaguro, ga asarar jawo wa kansu a 1703.

Bayan da cewa, "Robinson" a kan wani m jirgin ya shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa Bristol, inda ya aka tuhuma da kai hari. Watakila cajin aka kawo magoya bayan Dampier, amma duk da haka yana kurkuku domin 2 years.

Alexander Selkirk, wani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa da kuma privateer Robinson, ya mutu, a cikin tẽku, a 1721.