Almara nau'o'i: misalai a cikin adabi

Almara (fassara daga Ingilishi. "Almara" na nufin "jama'a hikima") - mutãne art da yake rufe dukkan al'adu yadudduka na al'umma. Rayuwar mutane, da suka gaskata, akida, dabi'u - duk wannan da aka nuna a cikin m almara (dance, music, adabi) da kuma kayan (tufafi, kitchen kayayyakinsa, tsari).

Ko da a cikin 1935, babban Rasha marubuci Maxim Gorky, magana a farko Congress of Soviet Writers, daidai aka bayyana a labarin baki da kuma da muhimmancin cikin rayuwar al'umma: "... ya fi bayyananne m images of haruffan wanzu a almara, da baka al'adar mutanen. Svyatogor da Mikula Selyaninovich, Vasilisa mai hikima, Ivan wawa m cewa ba shi tsoro, faski, ko da yaushe da kuma kowa da kowa ya lashe. Wadannan hotunan an halitta da almara da kuma su ne wani ɓangare na rayuwa da kuma al'adun al'ummar mu. "

Almara ( "jama'a ilmi") - shi ne mai raba kimiyya horo a kan wanda gudanar da bincike, ya halitta makala da aka rubuta rubutun. A cikin Rasha adabi na karni na 19th an yadu amfani da Kalmar "jama'a shayari" da "kasa adabi".

Almara, labarin baki nau'o'i

Songs, labarai, Legends, epics - wannan ba wani cikakken jerin. Almara - sararin sashen dutsen Rasha al'adu, wanda aka kafa a kan ƙarni. Nau'o'i na almara ne zuwa kashi biyu main yankunan - neobryadovoe da kuma al'ada.

A al'ada almara category hada da wadannan iri:

• Kalanda - Pancake songs, Kirsimeti carols, stoneflies da sauran misalai na jama'a song kerawa.
• Family almara - bikin aure songs, laments, lullabies, iyali da labaru.
• Riqo na wuccin - lokatai, Daddy, ganawarsu, zaklichki.

Almara neobryadovy hada da hudu kungiyoyin:

1. Folk wasan kwaikwayo - addini, vertepnoy, wasan kwaikwayo Petrushka.

2. Folk shayari - ballads, epics, addini waqe, lyrical songs, jama'a songs, yara songs, waqe.

3. Folk litattafan ne zuwa kashi a aljanna-tale da aljanna-tale. A farko ya hada da tatsuniyoyi game da dabbobi, m, sihiri, aljanna-tale-sarkar (misali, wani labarin game da Kolobok). Fairy-tale litattafan - wani labarin na rayuwa, gaya game da mutum ci karo da images of Rasha demonology - mermaids da ruwa, mayu da mayu, ghouls da Vampires. Wannan subcategory ma ya hada da labarai game da wuraren bauta da mu'ujizai da bangaskiyar Kirista, da hakan iko. Form aljanna-labari litattafan:

• Legends.
• mythological labarai.
• epics.
• downers.
• hadisai.

4. almara magana verbally: harshe twisters, fatan alheri, sunayen laƙabi, karin magana, la'ana, riddles, wasannin zolayan, da faxin.

Nau'o'i almara, misalai na wanda aka bai wa a cikin wancan, suna dauke da manyan.

Almara nau'o'i a cikin adabi

Wannan ayar da kuma litattafan aiki - epics, tãtsũniyõyin, Legends. Mutane da yawa da wallafe-wallafen siffofin, da kuma koma zuwa almara, wanda ya nuna uku main yankunan: ban mamaki, lyrical da almara. Hakika, labarin baki nau'o'i a cikin adabi ba ya kawo karshen nan, akwai mutane da yawa more, amma wadannan Categories - shi ne wani nau'i ne na empiricism wanda aka tara a tsawon shekaru.

ban mamaki images

A ban mamaki jama'a art ne jama'a wasan kwaikwayo a cikin nau'i na aljanna-labari labaru tare da m aukuwa da kuma wani farin ciki ga ãƙiba. Ban mamaki iya zama wani labari, a cikinta akwai wata gwagwarmaya tsakanin nagarta da mugunta. Characters lashe juna, tare da sãɓãwar launukansa nasara, amma a karshen kyau nasarorinsu.

Almara nau'o'i a cikin wallafe-wallafe. almara bangaren

Rasha almara (Epic) ta dogara ne a kan tarihi song aiki tare a sararin batu, a lokacin da Guslar Agogon iya gaya labaru game da rayuwa a Rasha karkashin shiru strumming da kirtani. Shi ne wani fatan jama'a art, haƙĩƙa, sun shige saukar daga tsara zuwa tsara. Bugu da kari ga wallafe-wallafen almara da music wanzu baki almara, Legends, kuma epics, Legends, kuma tatsuniyoyi.

Almara art aka yawanci lauye da ban mamaki Genre, saboda dukan ƙasar kasada almara heroes Rasha ko ta yaya alaka da fadace-fadace da kuma ayyukansu, na ɗaukaka na gaskiya. Babban wakilan da almara almara - a Rasha heroes, daga cikinsu da Ilya Muromets da Dobrynya Nikitich da Alyosha Popovich unflappable.

Nau'o'i almara, misalai na wanda zai iya kai wa ga rashin iyaka, suna dogara ne a kan haruffan da yaki da dodanni. Wani lokaci dan wasa da ke sa wani matattun abu da wani shahararre karfi. Yana iya zama wani takobi kladenets, a daya fadi karkata chopping dragon kai.

Almara tãtsũniyõyin gaya na wani m hali - Baba Yaga, wanda rayuwarsu a wani bukka a kan kaza kafafu, Vasilisa da Beautiful, Prince Ivan, wanda yake shi ne babu inda ba tare da Gray Wolf, kuma ko da game Ivan wawa - mai farin ciki fairytale harafin da wani bude Rasha rai.

lyrical fom

By wannan almara Genre hada da ayyukan jama'a art ga mafi part na al'ada: son songs, lullabies, funny limericks da Makoki. Yawa ya dogara da sautin. Ko sentences, rubutawa, karrarawa da whistles tare da makasudin zuwa laya ƙaunar daya, da kuma wani lokacin za su iya a dangana ga jama'a lyrics.

Almara da marubucin

Works of dama wallafe-wallafen Genre (marubucin) sau da yawa ba za a iya ƙa'ida ranked kamar almara, kamar "The Tale of Humpbacked doki" ko labari Ershov Bazhov "farka daga Copper Mountain" ta nagarta na da membobinsu a wani musamman alkalami na marubuci. Duk da haka, wadannan labaru suna da nasu almara tushen da aka gaya wani wuri da kuma wani a daya nau'i ko wata, sa'an nan canja marubuci a cikin littafin siffan.

Almara nau'o'i, misalai na wanda sanannu ne, m kuma recognizable, ba bukatar da za a bayyana. Mai karatu zai iya samun sauƙin fahimta, wanda na mawallafa je sama tare da labari, da kuma wanda ya aro shi daga baya. Wani abu, a lokacin da labarin baki nau'o'i, misalai daga waxanda suke a ji a cikin mafi yawan masu karatu, wani kalubalanci. A wannan yanayin, kwararru dole ne mu gane da yin m karshe.

Rigima art siffofin

Akwai misalai inda hikaya na zamani marubuta a kan tsarin kawai tambaye a almara, amma an san cewa labarin ba shi da wani marẽmari daga zurfin kasa kerawa, da kuma ƙirƙira by marubucin daga farkon zuwa karshen. Alal misali, samfurin na Eduard Uspensky , "Uku a buttermilk." Akwai jama'a zane - daya ma'aikacin gidan Pechkin daraja. Da kuma labarin da kanta ne da gaske a aljanna. Duk da haka, idan marubucin aka kayyade, da jama'a na iya zama matukar. Ko da yake da yawa marubuta yi imani da cewa bambancin ba a bukata, da art - shi ne art, ko da kuwa da form. Abin da nau'o'i na almara zo daidai da wallafe-wallafen Canon, za a iya ƙaddara da wani yawan filaye.

Ba kamar almara daga adabi

Literary ayyukansa, kamar litattafan, short labaru, litattafan, makala, daban-daban girma, unhurried labari. Mai karatu ne iya karanta kan tafi bincike, da ra'ayin da faruwa a cikin mãkirci. Almara aiki mafi m, haka ma, suna dauke da kawai su muhimmi abubuwa, kamar cewa, irin murya, patter ko solo. Sau da yawa, riwayan slows saukar da mataki zuwa babban sakamako, ya shafi kan biyuntakar ko Trinity labari. A cikin labarin baki yadu amfani bude tautology, wani lokacin accentuated. A cikin shakka daga parallelisms da ƙari. Dukan waɗannan dabaru ne kwayoyin zuwa almara, ko da yake shi ne unacceptable a misali wallafe-wallafe.

Daban-daban al'ummai ne m cikin sharuddan haukan, sau da yawa ha factor yanayi ne na almara. Folk art hada da duniya motifs, kamar ne ga kowa da kowa da sha'awar tara mai kyau girbi. Tunani game da shi da kuma kasar Sin, da kuma Portuguese, ko da yake sun rayu a daban-daban na ƙyallen maƙalawa a nahiyar. The yawan kasashe da yawa raba sadaukar da wani m zama. Tun da mutane ne guda a ko'ina a cikin yanayi, da kuma almara suna da kadan daban-daban, idan ba ka tuna da waje da ãyõyinMu.

A Gwargwadon kusanci na daban-daban kasashe na ci gaba, da kuma wannan tsari kuma ta fara da almara. Ana daidaita da farko al'adu dangantaka, da kuma kawai bayan ruhaniya ƙungiyar na jama'ar kasashen biyu zo kan gaba wajen siyasa.

Kananan nau'o'i na Rasha almara

Kananan ayyukan almara ana kullum tsara don yara. The yaro bai dauki dogon labarin ko wani hikaya, amma tare da yardar saurara zuwa wani labarin wani m saman, wanda zai iya gane flank. A kan aiwatar da kiwon yara, da kuma akwai qananan nau'o'i na Rasha almara. Kowane samfurin siffar ƙunshi musamman na ginin jumla hatsi, wanda yana tuba a cikin shakka daga cikin labari, ko dabi'un ko halin kirki kananan.

Duk da haka, yawancin kananan siffofin almara Genre - shi ne da amfani ga ci gaban da yaro Chants, songs, kuma Daddy. Tsaya 5 almara nau'o'i da cewa an samu nasarar amfani a cikin ilimi na yara:

• Lullaby - mafi tsoho hanya zuwa lull da yaro. Yawancin lokaci tare da melodious tune rocking bassinet ko gadon jariri, don haka yana da muhimmanci a sami wani kari yayin da waƙa.
• Pestushki - sauki waqe, melodious buri m bankwana, soothing makoki domin sabuwar tada yaro.
• Tatsũniyõyi - recitative songs cewa bi wasan da hannuwansu da ƙafãfunsu baby. Taimako zuwa ga ci gaba da yaro, karfafa shi da aiki a wani unobtrusive nau'i na wasa.
• Jokes - short tãtsũniyõyin, sau da yawa a cikin ayar, funny da sonorous, wanda kullum ce da uwar mata da yara. Matasa yara bukatar gaya barkwanci daidai da shekaru, da yara gane kowace kalma.
• Daddy - kadan waqe, da kyau-paced ilmin lissafi damar iya yin komai na yaro. Su ne wani m wani ɓangare na wani na gama na yara wasanni, a lokacin da shi wajibi ne su gudanar da jefa.