Amurka kudi: takarda daloli da kuma tsabar kudi

A dollar yau ne mafi mashahuri kudin a duniya. Wannan monetary naúrar da aka sani a ko'ina. Abin da irin kudi a Amurka tafi yanzu? Ta yaya suka zo daga?

A tarihin abin da ya faru

Yana duk fara da thaler, ko wajen wani "yoahimstalerov". Wancan, da shi sunan azurfa da tsabar kudi daga nawa garin Jáchymov (zamani Jamhuriyar Czech). Sunan sauri tsince Swedes, Birtaniya, Dutch, Italiya, Flemings, gyaggyarawa da sauti a nasa hanya. Saboda haka, dollar a Burtaniya mulkin mallaka Amerika a farko ake kira da Spanish tsabar kudin. Kamar yadda wani kai-USD ago aka sanar a 1785.

Takarda kudi a cikin nau'i na shaidu bayyana more a Massachusetts a 1690. Re-fito da su, a 1703, da kuma da dama bayan shekaru takarda kudi yada a fadin Amurka. A lokacin yakin neman 'yancin ko da bayyana "Continental dollar," wanda ya kori na wurare dabam dabam karfe tsabar kudi.

Babban matsalar da irin wannan kudi ya kasance da m depreciation. Riga ta 1781 da kudin depreciated ta game da 40 sau. Shekaru shida daga baya ya zo da doka a kan wajibi ƙarfafa takarda kudi a zinariya ko azurfa. A 1792 aka fara minted Amurka tsabar kudin.

zamani tarihi

Duk da dukan matakan dauka da gwamnatin, da American kudi ne ba barga da kuma misali. Saboda haka, a cikin 1861 akwai guda kudin, wanda aka amince da bugu na American Bank lura Co. Bayar da bayanan kula a cikin ƙungiyõyi na 5, 10, 20 daloli sun kore da kuma nan da nan ya zama sananne a matsayin "greenbacks".

A 1913, US kudi samar musamman halitta wannan dalili Tarayya Reserve Banks. Domin shekaru masu yawa, da dollar kiyaye zaman lafiyar. Ya aka tilasta yi tuntuɓe babban mawuyacin a 1933. Duk da haka, bayan yakin duniya na biyu, da Amurka rawa a siyasar duniya ya ƙara muhimmanci, da kuma a kasashen Turai suka fara rayayye directed American kudi. Dollars zai zama babban kudin da "haihuwa Turai", wuce har ma da Dinar Sterling.

A shekara ta 1971, da duniya ajiye kudin farawa rage darajar kuɗi sake. Wani lokaci daga baya, a shirin na Shugaba Nixon soke zinariya dollar reinforcements. A Amurka kudin ya riga ya yi a wasu yiwuwa, don haka da ragewar darajar kuɗi ba zai shafi ta matsayi na duniya. Shi ne har yanzu madadin.

dollar a yau

A halin yanzu, dollar an dauki kasa na Amurka kudin. Bugu da kari, ko da a cikin XIX-XX karni shi ya zama unofficial kudin na sauran kasashe. Alal misali, Canada ta sanar da kasa kudin a farkon 1857. Yanzu da Amurka kudi yana kasa status a El Salvador, Panama, Palau, Bermuda, Marshall, Virgin Islands, Gabas Timor, kuma haka a kan .. A wasu ƙasashe, da dollar halatta a yi amfani da layi daya da kasa kudin, misali, kafin aka yi a Zimbabwe.

Tarayya Reserve System aka halitta a 1913, wanda a yau shi ne alhakin da a saki Amurka kudi bugu. Takardar kudi da kuma tsabar kudi an samar daidai da kasar bukatun, bayan shi yana karɓa game da rabi daga cikin jimlar adadin dalar buga. Kawai 1% na kudi sanya ba a free wurare dabam dabam. Zaki ya share na banknotes buga da nufin ya maye gurbin tsofaffin kofe.

banknotes

All takardar kudi, wanda aka bayar a 1861, har yanzu dauke da inganci da kuma istinbadi. Takarda kudi bayar Amurka ƙungiyõyi na 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 daloli. Su ne free to juya a baya.

Akwai takardar kudi a ƙungiyõyi na 500, 1000, ko ma 10 000. Amma sun ana phased fita saboda da rashin jin dadin da amfani. Saboda wannan, da kudin wannan banknotes a gwanjo ne da ya fi yadda da fuska darajar. Banknotes a ƙungiyõyi na $ 10 000 a yawa kawai a kan 100. A 1934, da Reserve Bank of Amurka ta bayar da doka na 100 000 daloli, duk da haka, ya yi amfani da shi kawai don biya a cikin Tarayya Reserve System.

Babu shakka duk da takardar kudi ne guda size. Su nauyi ne game da 1 gram. A 1928 aka samar da janar ra'ayi na bayyanar da dollar. Tun daga nan, da US kudi sanya hotuna na shugabannin, da muhimmanci 'yan siyasa. Saboda haka, a kan takardar kudi ya nuna da farko Amurka Ministan kudi Hamilton, John Marshall - Shugaban Kotun Koli. A cikin banknote a 1 dollar aka wakilta shugaban farko na Amurka Dzhordzh Vashington.

A daya hannun kasa banknotes labarun muhimmin tarihi alamu na kasar. A kan Reverse gefen banknote a 1 dollar Amurka sanya babban taken: "A Allah muka dogara" a kan lissafin a $ 5 ne Lincoln Memorial, ma'aikatar kudi da ginin da aka nuna a cikin 10, da kuma fadar White House - zuwa 20 daloli. A mafi rare banknote a wurare dabam dabam - $ 2, da yi na shiga cikin jawabi na Independence na Amurka ne bayyana a kan ta baya gefe.

tsabar kudi

Kowane Amurka tsabar kudin, dangane da maras muhimmanci darajar, yana da kowa sunan. A halin yanzu akwai tsabar kudi a wurare dabam dabam a cikin 1 cent, wanda ake in ba haka ba da ake kira "dinari" aninai tsabar kudin 5 (nickel), 10 aninai (tsaba), 25 aninai (kvoter), $ 1 (dollar). Akwai kuma tsabar kudi na 50 aninai a karkashin sunan "Rabin." Su ake samar a kananan yawa, zai fi dacewa ga haraji.

Amurka coinage tsabar kudi daukan 'yan mints a San Francisco, Denver, West Point, New Orleans, kuma Philadelphia. Kowace daga cikinsu bar alama da Beech Birtaniya P, S, W, yã, D.

A farko US tsabar kudin tun 1792, minted a zinariya da azurfa, a cikin wani rabo na 1 zuwa 15. A tsabar kudi dole ya zama cikin rubutu "Freedom" da kuma alamomin hade da wannan ra'ayi. A kan Reverse gefen da aka sanya mikiya. Yanzu kawai Collectible tsabar kudi sanya masu daraja karafa, da ake amfani ga sauran tutiya, nickel gami da na tagulla.

Tsada da kuma rare tsabar kudi

Daya hujja a 1853 tsokani bayyanar tsabar kudi a cikin 3 aninai, wanda aka dauke rare. Yana da su da irin wannan darajar ya ragu farashin mai kudin sufurin hatimi. Suka rabu da a 1889, shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a sami.

A 1848 a California fara "Gold Rush", don haka da shawarar da su saki wani sabon zinariya tsabar kudin 1 da 20 daloli a 1849. Bayan da "Great mawuyacin" tsabar kudi na zinariya dauka daga wurare dabam dabam, da kuma mafi tsada daga wadannan suna a yanzu dauke su US $ 20, 1933 release.

Bayan shi ya fi tsada American tsabar kudi suna dauke da azurfa dollar 1804 edition, wanda sayar da $ 4 da miliyan, da kuma takzhe5 aninai a 1913, ya bayar kawai biyar kofe (kowanne daga abin da Kudinsa miliyan 4).