Ban sha'awa siffofin ne halayyar ga kungiyar na kwayar dabbobi, wanda ya kasance a cikin irin Cnidarians, ko Cnidaria. Cnidarians da sauki tsarin amma mallaka wadannan tsokoki, da na hanji da rami. Daya daga cikin na yau da kullum kungiyar sunayen - coelenterates. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jiki yi harbin sel (knidotsity, nematotsity). Kuma sunã bautã wa kai farmaki ganima da kare da abokan gaba.
Abin da kwayoyin sun knidotsitami?
Cnidarians - marine da ruwa tare da dabbobi da suke zaune a kusan duk latitudes. Radially tsakaitã cnidarians jiki yana daya daga iri biyu jiki - polypoid ko Medusoid. Wakilai na farko da irin ne muhimmanci daban-daban a cikin bayyanar, wasu sun fi kama da shuke-shuke. A jellyfish tentacles kuma baka rami zuwa ƙasa. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, wadannan coelenterates taso kan ruwa da yardar kaina, amma biyu siffofin m jiki a daban-daban da al'ummomi. Harbin Kwayoyin suna da kusan dukan cnidarians, suke located a kan tentacles. Ruwa tare cnidarian kasa da teku. Akwai daga cikin wadannan Kadaitaccen da kuma mulkin mallaka kwayoyin.
Cnidarians irin hada da wadannan azuzuwan dabbobi:
- hydroid (Hydrozoa).
- scyphoids (Scyphozoa).
- murjãni (Anthozoa).
- jellyfish (Cubozoa).
- Polypodium Hydriforme (Polypodiozoa).
Yadda ake harbin Kwayoyin?
Fassara daga Girkanci kalmar «cnidos» na nufin "nettle", wanda ake dangantawa da gaban a cikin matsanancin cover daga cikin dabbobin da capsules cike da guba m. Yawanci, da harbin Kwayoyin a cikin tentacles na cnidarians mayar da hankali da kuma sanye take da m cilium. Tu knidotsita ne a kananan 'yar jakar da kuma mirgina wani kankanin tube - harbin thread. Yana kama da wani ya kumshe wadansu abubuwan spring da hargi. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kunnawa da Kwayoyin nasa kona alli ions, da maida hankali canji da kuma ruwa matsa lamba a cikin kwantena. Ya kamata a lura cewa cnidarians ba amsa kiran wani waje samuwar kasashe, don haka kamar yadda ba su vata harbin Kwayoyin. A dabba ta jiki yana da jijiya endings ko rabe cewa taimake gane canje-canje a cikin yanayi.
Mene ne aikin ta harbin Kwayoyin?
Kananan lamba tare da abokan gaba ko samar, canje-canje a cikin ruwa matsin lamba daga wani motsi abu iya kai ga ruri daga m gashi. Knidotsity ma iya amsa ga gina jiki abubuwa. Wannan shi ne abin da ya faru lokacin da fallasa su harbin Kwayoyin:
- Open hula a saman, ta yanayi.
- Harbin thread aka mike, kuma tare da kaifi da zangarniya a kasa da aka makale a jikin wanda aka azabtar.
- Cnidocyte twists ko gam ga samar.
- Secreted dafin sa inna ko ƙone.
- Yin ta aiki, knidotsity kashe da kuma maye gurbin bayan 48 hours tasowa sababbi.
Saboda da babban taro da kuma hadewa mataki knidotsitov a kan tentacles, coelenterates dabbobi dũka a predator ko yuwuwar ganima. Neurotoxins ciki capsules harbin Kwayoyin kamu da inna ganima da sa kananan konewa daga manyan kwayoyin.
Cnidarians farauta dabbobi?
A lokacin gwaje-gwajen sun tabbatar da cewa ejects cnidocyte "hargi" guba, da kuma a cikin 3 ƴan daƙiƙa bayan lamba tare da sauran dabbobi. Walƙiya cell amsa yana da wani analogues a cikin daji. Ta gudu da kuma karfi da abin da thread aka saki harbin isa ya shiga cikin wuya harsashi na wasu crustaceans! Major wakilan coelenterates kai farmaki kifi da sufi crabs. Amma saboda mafi yawan cnidarians abinci source ne kananan kwayoyin kamar plankton da benthos. Ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da yawa coelenterates ba ajiye daga yara, ko da harbin Kwayoyin. Tare da irin wannan wani karaya makami a tentacles su har yanzu suna farauta sauran dabbobi.
Yadda za a ci "furanni" da dabba duniya?
Murjãni samar da mazauna a cikin teku, da tekuna. Anemones ko teku anemones rayuwa guda, tafin kafa attaching zuwa duwatsu, bawo, kankara da kuma reefs. Tentacles da kuma bakin polyps, wanda ya kasance a cikin aji Anthozoa, yawanci samu a saman, kasa kashi ne a haɗe zuwa substrate. Anemone bakinka kewaye da tentacles, wanda suke knidotsity. Aiki harbin sel teku Anemone ne wani hari a kan hako ma'adinai da kuma tsaro a kan abokan gābansu. Anemones iya kamu da inna da kuma entangle kona kananan dabbobi zaren. Wasu cnidarians miƙa tentacles, wanda wajibi ne ga sedentary salon.
Matsalar abinci samar ma solves da sauri mataki na neurotoxins harbin Kwayoyin. Ga lamba, suna iya immobilize ganima da kuma mayar da harin da yara.
Ina live dabbobi hydroid?
Hydrozoa aji wakilan da ake samu a sabo ruwa, ruwan Antarctica, zurfin teku daruna. Na wannan kungiyar hydra limnomedusae, siphonophores, sauran subclasses da kuma kungiyoyin. Mafi yawansu ba su ne - da yara cewa farauta amfani knidotsitov. Cnidarian harbin Kwayoyin na ga hydroids ne gagarumin bambance-bambance a cikin size da kuma ƙarfin guba. Akwai rabuwa da ayyuka tsakanin kungiyoyin na kwayoyin a cikin mazauna na polyps: daya Fed, da sauran kare, wasu suna amfani da kiwo. Wasu jellyfish samun su abinci, rugujewa, a cikin ruwa tare da tsayayyen feelers, da samun plankton, yayin da wasu rayayye iyo a search na abinci. Akwai coelenterates da suke iya musamman farautar ganima, wanda kimantawa siginar rabe a farfajiya na jiki.
Shin knidotsity stsifo- da jellyfish suna m?
Girma na dabbobi na zuwa aji Scyphozoa kewayon daga 12 mm zuwa 2.4 ma diamita. Ko da a cikin manyan siffofin babu kwarangwal, shugaban, na numfashi gabobin. A hankula wakilin wannan kungiya - translucent Aurelia eared - kasa mai guba fiye da sauran jellyfish. A manya ciyar a kan plankton bĩ da tentacles. Stsifomeduzy da yawa knidotsitov da kuma rabe da suke kewaye da bakin da tentacles. Su babban manufar - don gane kuma a kamu da inna ganima.
Mutuwa ga kananan dabbobi ne harbin Kwayoyin giant cyano (Cyanea arctica). Kuma a lokacin da a lamba tare da mutum knidotsity hanyar konewa mai sãɓãwar launukansa a tsanani. Mafi sau da yawa akwai wani kurji da redness daga daukan hotuna zuwa gubobi da cewa shigar da fata. Jellyfish - mazaunan dumi ruwan tekuna da kuma teku - suna iya motsa da sauri. Wasu daga cikin su suna da ha ari ga mutane: konewa samu a sakamakon wannan "sadarwa", za a iya kai ga mutuwa.
Coelenterates da mutane
Matsalar mutum dangantaka da dabbobi, wanda ya kasance a cikin irin Cnidarians, shi ne sosai bambancin. Mutane da yawa iri iri da kuma magoya na wani rairayin bakin teku hutu da teku saba da harbin coelenterates Properties. Harbin Kwayoyin halayyar jellyfish iyo a cikin ruwa shafi. Ko kadan lamba tare da da yawa daga cikinsu na iya haifar da cuta jihohi, konewa, fata hangula. Don ji dadin ruwa ko snorkeling, ka bukatar kawai bi da mulki, wanda ya karanta kamar haka: "duba amma kada ku shãfe." A mafi kyau magani ga konewa tentacles na jellyfish aka dauke su ruwan zafi, sa'an nan sanyi damfara da liyafar na antihistamine kwayoyi. Daya daga cikin wuya da matsaloli na hulda da jama'a da ke hakar coelenterates murjani ga kayan ado, tsarabobi. A cikin 'yan shekaru, masana kimiyya gangami mutuwa polyps - magina na arziki da kuma hadadden karkashin ruwa Tsarin. Sun haifar da wani mazauninsu ba kawai wa kansu amma kuma ga sauran halittu sun kuma kifi. Coral reefs a cikin dumi tekuna da ruwaye a duniya suna fuskantar gagarumin tasirin da canjin yanayi, gwargwado da sauran kaddarorin da ruwa.
Colony of polyps girma sosai a hankali, da kara da kawai 'yan millimeters a kowace shekara. Ba tare da murjani Tsarin yana da wuya a kwatanta da karkashin ruwa duniya da aka haka janyo hankalin ta musamman kyakkyawa da fara'a.