Ancient battering rago: photo

Da zarar da kariya daga hare-haren da makiya a kusa da zamanin d birane fara kafa ganuwar, shi aiki a matsayin wani impetus ga zargin kai hari da makamai, babban manufar wanda ya - karya wadannan katangu. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

Ana zargin da raguna

An yi imani da cewa na farko battering rago ƙirƙira Carthaginian Masters - Paferasmenom da Gerasim. Wannan ya faru a game da 500 m-BC. e., da Carthaginians da kuma amfani da shi a lokacin da kewaye Gadis (Cadiz), wani gari a Spain. Kamar shi ko ba, ko da master RAM na farko? Ir, babu wanda zai iya ce domin tabbatar. Amma da chroniclers na lokaci, ta kwatanta kewaye na Carthage, da aka ambata a matsayin battering ragon da aka yi amfani da tare da wasu kewaye injuna.

A farko kayan aikin

Ancient battering rago karya da ganuwar ko ƙofofi, baya kira ragon, ya zama al'ada katako na ash ko spruce. Kamar yadda irin wannan, da bindiga aka nauyi sosai, kuma ba da gaskiya cewa bear da zama a hannunsa, wani lokacin domin ta aiki da yin amfani da har zuwa daruruwan sojojin.

Duk wannan shi ne musamman m cikin sharuddan mutum albarkatun da kuma sosai m, don haka a nan gaba ta fara kyautata. Battering rago - rago - da farko sun rataye a kan wani musamman frame, sa'an nan shigar a kan dabaran. Amfani da shi ya sauƙin cewa hanya. Yanzu, domin isar da wani makami a wani wuri, da kuma girgiza kai harin, bukata nisa m mutane.

Don aiki fiye da yadda ya kamata a magance karshen rajistan ayyukan lazimta karfe tip, tare da kama rago ta kai. Saboda wannan fama log haka sau da yawa ake kira - "tumaki". Mafi m, da tsohon maganarsu ke: "kama da tunkiya a wani sabon ƙofa," ya yi a hankali ya rago, ba wani real dabba.

Amma wannan kyautata bai kare a can. Gaskiyar ita ce, a lokacin harin a kan ganuwar birnin a kan soja ta kai, da rago iko, yawo da duwatsu, da kiban ƙuri'a, zuba tafasasshen ruwa da kuma zafi kwalta. Saboda haka, ka kare da sojoji, tare da log frame rufe a kan saman ginanniya, kuma daga baya a kan kõwane an rufe shi da garkuwa. Saboda haka, da hari da karfi, rocking a battering rago, shi dai itace, ko ta yaya kare daga mũnãnan abũbuwa da fadowa da kuma zuba daga cikin ganuwar. Irin wannan na cikin gida da rago na waje kama da aka sani da dabbobi masu rarrafe zama da aka sani da suna "kunkuru".

Wani lokaci kunkuru shi ne da wani tsari ya kunshi benaye da dama, kowane ciwon rago. Saboda haka, shi ne zai yiwu ya karya ta bango a bangarori daban-daban a lokaci guda.

Amma wannan gun da aka Hakika sosai ƙato da nauyi, don haka amfani da infrequently.

Sokol - wani tsoho Martial battering rago

Lokacin da ragon karo na farko ya bayyana a Rasha, ba a san wasu, amma tun da na biyu da rabi na XII karni, a rubuta kafofin ambaci kama birnin "mashi." Yana iya zaci cewa shi ne to, a sieges, a internecine yaƙe-yaƙe, harin ya fara da za a yi amfani da karo na farko da wani shaho - a battering ram ram irin.

A gaskiya, da shaho ba daban-daban a cikin tsarin daga sani analogues. A wannan santsi danda katako, dakatar a kan sarƙoƙi ko igiyoyi. Duk da haka, wani lokacin wata itãciya maye gurbin duk-karfe Silinda. Af, a cewar daya version na cewa "a dinka," shi ya tafi daga jam'iyya da bayyanar Rasha bindigogi.

Hanyoyi counter rago

Da raguna, ba shakka, yana da matukar tasiri a cikin hari, don haka da ta yi amfani da kuma samar da wani dabara to counter:

• Don a kalla ko ta yaya magance katako naushe daga ganuwar da matakin na ta tip saukar da wani jakar cike da taushi abu, ulu ko ƙaiƙayi.
• A storming na shugaban naúrar, rakiyar rago zuba kazanta, tafasa, kona kwalta, mai, tashi duwatsu da kuma kibiyoyi. A precipitated kokarin ƙone da katako yi dasu.
• A kan hanyoyin cikin gari ganuwar ya haƙa ramuka cike da ruwa suna jefa kan moat drawbridge, wanda ya tashi a lokacin harin. Irin matakan da aka ba a yarda ya mirgine, "Falcon" a bango.
• Idan ta bayyana cewa a battering rago a kan ganuwar birnin za a tsĩrar da doki, sa'an nan kan hanyar zuwa jefa a kusa da wasa ƙarfe "hedgehogs" da suke zuwa fadi a cikin hooves dabbobi, inda suka ba su kariya ta hanyar wani kofaton. Wannan hanya na kariya, idan ba gaba daya tsaya harin battering ragon, da muhimmanci hampered ta kara ci gaba da, bada lokaci domin lalata storming da kungiyar.

flaws

Wani irin na zamanin d kayan aikin da ake kira "mũnãnan ayyuka". Raguna a cikin gargajiya ji, wakiltar wani abu kamar rago, amma da tsarin lahani da kõme ba su yi. Saboda haka abin da ake kira musamman catapults.

A Rasha, mun yi amfani da iri biyu lahani - liba-majajjawa, wanda aka ambata a cikin tarihin yadda majajjawa, kuma crossbows - gun saka a kan musamman na'ura.

Majajjawa-mũnãnan ayyuka

The zane ya majajjawa support shafi, a kan wanda aka saka a swivel (Dutsen ga liba wanda za a iya juya su), kuma a zahiri sosai dogon neravnoplechny liba.

A cikin dogon ƙarshen liba aka a haɗe majajjawa (bel da wani aljihu domin wani harsashi), da kuma a kan sauran - igiya, ga abin da na da a cire musamman horar ga wannan mutane - miƙa. Wannan shi ne, a cikin aljihu na majajjawa kasance cajin dutse (core), da kuma tashin hankali abruptly ja da madauri. Lever, yawo a sama dako kaddamar a da ake so shugabanci. Abin da swivel hannu zai iya juya, ka damar kusan madauwari harbe-harben, ba tare da motsi dukan tsarin.

Daga baya na mota tare da tensioners maye gurbinsu a counterweight da kuma goyon bayan al'amudin aka maye gurbinsu da wani hadadden frame Tsarin.

Wannan gun yafi iko tashin hankali catapults. Sau da yawa sun yi tsayayya da yin wani mobile da zai baka damar daidaita da harbe-harben kewayo. A Turai, irin wannan kayan da aka kira "trebushe"

Crossbows-mũnãnan ayyuka

Design easel samostrelnogo kamnemeta ta sha bamban daga majajjawa. Azahiri yana da matukar kama da wani babban crossbow, cewa shi ne, a kan wani katako tushe aka gyarawa masauki, kuma a gaba, na daga cikin baka da aka a haɗe.

harbi manufa shi ma kama da mai crossbow, amma maimakon kibiyoyi shige zuwa cikin tsagi dutse (kwaya). Don rukũ'i iya tsayayya nauyi, shi ya sanya na dama yadudduka na itace, hada daban-daban iri na itace. Bugu da kari, ya papered tare da Birch haushi da kuma nannade da belts. Kibiya da aka sanya daga live dabbobi ko karfi hemp igiya.

Fama support mũnãnan ayyuka

Tun amai inji aka shigar a nesa ba kusa fiye da 100 m ga makiya kufaifan, sai suka zama kusan m ga makiya maharba. Duk da haka, don kare shooters iko kayan aiki, da aka kare ta a palisade mũnãnan ayyuka (shinge) da kuma haƙa moat kusa.

Kamar yadda bawo ga majajjawa-mũnãnan ayyuka da za a iya amfani da a kusan wani abu, yin la'akari tsakanin 3 da har zuwa 200 kg: duwatsu, tukwane, cike da wata combustible cakuda, ko da matattu dabbobi. Wato, da matsaloli na harsasai da aka ba.

Tare da crossbows halin da ake ciki ya kasance mafi rikitarwa. Ga su da su yi aiki dutse core, girman 20-35 cm a diamita. A lokacin da archaeological tono samu da kibiyoyi (kusoshi), wanda, a fili, ana amfani ga harbi. A aron kusa ne a karfe sanda da karfe launin gashi game da 2 kg nauyi da kuma 170 cm a tsawon. An yi imani da cewa irin wannan albarku amfani ga kona, cewa shi ne harbi huda da flammable abun da ke ciki.

Da iri kayan aikin da ake amfani da ɗaya, complementing juna, inda harin ya dace ƙara muhimmanci. Sau da yawa, shi ne gaban wadannan m makamai prejudge sakamako na yaƙi.