Famous sassaka Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Description daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan

Italian al'adu, harshe, yanayi ya dade janyo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa. Amma wannan kasa ne da ya shahara ba kawai domin ta shimfidar wuri da kuma sonorous serenades. Yau muna magana game da daya daga cikin shahararrun 'ya'yan Italiya. Har ila yau, a wannan labarin, za a ba da dama kwatancin sculptures Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti.

Karanta a hankali da kuma za ka tara mai yawa sabon da ban sha'awa abubuwa daga yankin na Italian al'adu na Renaissance.

manhaja vitae

Birthplace daga cikin manyan artist da sculptor a cikin iyali na da wani matalauta bafadan a 1475 a birnin Caprese. Saboda rashin kudi da uba yake bãyar da tarbiyyar cikin wani iyali Topolino, inda yaron ya gana da lãka da kuma fara koyon zuwa sculpt Figures.

A tsawon lokaci, ya aka aika zuwa wurin bita ga wani gida artist, kuma daga baya da sculptor Giovanni makaranta. Akwai ya gani Lorentso Medichi.

Wannan mutumin ya ba da damar yin wahayinsa Michelangelo. Ya kare da karatu, sa'an nan har mutuwarsa taimaka wajen samar da high-saka farashi umarni.

A lokacin rayuwarsa, Buonarroti ya yi aiki a Roma, kuma Florence Bologna.
Bari mu yanzu magana game da aikinsa a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Janar halaye na kerawa

A wannan labarin, za mu a shafi kawai daya daga cikin fuskoki dabam-dabam na ma'adanin na Michelangelo - sassaka. Description daga cikin shahararrun daga gare su, ba za ka iya karanta a kasa.

A baiwa da mutum a cikin mafi hanyar nuna a cikin sassaka. Ko a cikin zanen, ya daukawa plasticity na tsari da kuma matsayin da Figures, peculiar kawai girma abubuwa.

Abin lura shi ne cewa babban rabo daga Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti ne bidi'a. Shi ne saboda ayyuka saba wa canons, ya zama sananne ga ƙarni. Ya mutum-mutumi "David" ya zama nasa tarihin na High Renaissance, da kuma "Pieta" - mafi kyau embodiment na wani matattu jikin mutum a cikin sculptural zane.

Bari ta samun Masana kusa da ayyukan da Renaissance baiwa.

"Musa"

Daya daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan - "Musa" by Michelangelo. Description of sassaka, za mu ba da wani kadan daga baya. Yanzu bari mu magana game da wurin da aka gina.

Wannan sassaka ne wani ɓangare na wani hadadden sculptural kabarin Paparoma Julius II, wanda aka located in San Pietro a Vincoli, wani Roman Basilica.

Aiki a kan wannan sassaka tafi a kan na tsawon shekaru biyu, lokacin da na fara a 1513. Bugu da kari, a kan kowane gefe akwai mutummutumai da Michelangelo ta dalibinsa.

The asali ra'ayin Paparoma Julius II kuwa mai son zuciya da kuma grandiose. Ya so ya gina wa fitacciyar kabarin a cikin Basilica na St. Bitrus. Ta aikin hada yawa mutummutumai da sauran kayan ado. Amma da tsare-tsaren da aka ba gane ba saboda rashin kudi daga gãje.

Saboda haka, muna gabatar da "kasafin kudin" version na asali aikin.
Saboda haka, "Musa" - a sassaka da Michelangelo, wanda ya zama sananne a cikin ƙarni na ta mahalicci. Yau an dauke daya daga cikin shahararrun mutummutumai. Mẽne ne ƙwarai?

A tsawo daga cikin mutum-mutumi - 235 santimita, amma da ikon da yake a cikin shaci, shi ne da gaske babban. A sculptor Zagayawar shugaban Yahudawa da mutane a lokacin da take, bayan wani zance da Allah, a lokacin da Musa ya ga 'yan'uwanmu masu bi na zinariya maraƙi.

A adadi ne sosai tsauri da kuma cike da ciki makamashi. Muna ganin kumbura jijiyoyinmu da guguwa na sha'awa a kan fuskar shugaban. A hannun dama ya riqe da Allunan, kuma kafa ya kaddamar da wani kaifi da kuma gajeren motsi gaba, kamar yadda idan ya je tsalle a kuma dauki mataki.

Zanen kurfi na Michelangelo ta Sahaban idan aka kwatanta da wani Sable goga mai zane-zane. Finer gashi game duba taushi da kuma silky, baicin, a cikin sassaka ba millimeter raw marmara. A abun da ke ciki shi ne wani cikakke ne kuma ya nuna duk expressiveness na mutum baiwa.

"Musa" na Michelangelo, ya fita ba daya sha'aninsu dabam. Strong-Yã so matsa lamba m da kuma wani lokacin tsoratarwa masu kallo. Kamar yadda Stendhal ce, idan ba ka gani da mutummutumai, ku sani ba game da yiwuwa na sassaka.

"David"

A wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin haskaka da shahararrun sculptures ta Michelangelo. A na biyu, a kan wani par da baya daya, shi ne "David". Wannan biyar-mita mutum-mutumi ya zama wata alama ce da Florentine Jamhuriyar kusan nan da nan bayan halitta.

Yau an located in Academy of Arts a Florence da aka yi nufi ga zagaye view. The mutum-mutumi, dake nuna wani matashi Yahudawa sarki Dawuda, wanda aka shirya don su yi yaƙi da giant Goliath. Ya fi mayar da hankali da kuma wani bit siga, saboda makiya ne a fili m zuwa ta jiki halaye. Lokaci guda, a cikin ra'ayi na David ha'inci wani unshakable amincewa cikin nasara.

Wane ne abokin ciniki ta fitacciyar? Back a tsakiyar karni na sha biyar a Florence yi magana game da ado na Santa Maria del Fiore. Shi ne babban coci coci na Florence. A shirin da aka kewaye da shi tare da goma sha biyu mutummutumai daga cikin shahararrun Littafi Mai Tsarki haruffa daga Tsohon Alkawali.

Aiki a kan aiwatar da aikin fara da Donatello da almajiri, amma ya iya kawai haifar daya sassaka.

Bayan mutuwarsa, aikin da aka dakatar, da kuma wani gungu na marmara (popularly lakabi da "Giant"), aka yi nufi ga mutum-mutumi na David, hankali marmashe ƙarƙashin rinjayar yashewa.

A farkon karni na sha shida aka gudanar da Hukumar, wanda hada da Leonardo Vinci, suka yanke shawarar su sa hannu a kwangila tare da ashirin da shida sculptor Michelangelo Buonarroti. Ya fara aiki a watan Satumba 1501.

Fada marmara tubalan dauki shi fiye da shekaru biyu. Shi ne wannan sassaka ne da cewa don ƙirƙirar wani fitacciyar, kawai ya yanke duk ba dole ba.
Duk da haka, a cikin 1504, lokacin da aikin da aka kammala, ya shafa Florentines yanke shawarar saka David a cikin loggia dei Lanzi, inda ya faru da gamuwa da City Majalisar.

Yanzu gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci wakilta wani fitacciyar Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Sassaka da Donatello kuma aka mayar da su wani wurin daban daga masu sauraro Council.

Akwai da dama ban sha'awa facts alaka da wannan aikin. "David" - mafi kofe sassaka na Renaissance. Yana duplicates ne a Moscow, London da kuma a fagage daban-daban na ƙasarsa ta gari.

Shi ne kuma lura da cewa London kwafin sanye take da wani fig leaf, a taron na zuwa na Sarauniya. Kuma a cikin karni na ashirin Urushalima ki dauki bakuncin wani kwafin na "tsirara Italian karni na sha biyar," mutum-mutumi a matsayin "David" by Michelangelo juya marasa kaciya.

Misalin da rana

Kabarin da Medici a Florence, ya kiyaye da yawa daga Michelangelo ta sculptures. Mun yi magana game da biyu raba qagaggun.

A farko daga cikin wadannan mabiya da hannu na wani sarari suKe abubuwa da haihuwa "mafi girma na Florentine m." Wannan sculptural kungiyar kunshi hudu Figures tsaye a nau'i-nau'i a kan biyu sarcophagi.

A ra'ayin da aka maye ya nuna wa m ko da abũbuwan bautãwa tsanani daga mutum zama. Suna nuna a cikin m matsayi a kan lids na sarcophagi, a cikin wani kokarin slide saukar da sauri.

Allegories daban-daban lokaci na rana ana nuna a cikin nau'i na Figures na matasa maza da mata. The halitta kyakkyawa da tsoho da kuma cikakken rabbai bambanci da na da Kirista hanya "m ji daga baƙin ciki" saboda canji yanayi na zama.

A abun da ke ciki ya kunshi dare, a rãnar nan, safe da maraice. A farko biyu sculptures aka sanya a kan kabarin Giuliano, da kuma na biyu - a kan sarcophagus na Lorentso Medichi.

Aikin da aka halitta da tsari na Clement VII, wanda ya yanke shawarar immortalize uwansu da suka mutu matasa.

Aiki a kan mutum-mutumi da aka kammala a 1534, amma ba dukan da aka shigar a kan shirya shafin. Yau terracotta model na mutum-mutumi "Day", misali, an located in Houston, "Morning" - a cikin London. "Marece" model an rasa, shi ya sayi wasu haraji, da kuma burbushi daga wannan lokaci da aka rasa.

A mafi kyau ɓangare na abun da ke ciki an dauke su a sassaka, "Dare." Michelangelo, kamar yadda Sahaban ce shi wanda aka nuna da "barci dutse mala'ika wanda ya ji da numfashi."

Saboda haka, sculptures na Michelangelo, duk da wasu shortcomings, wanda muka tattauna a kasa, suna fatan Masterpieces na mutum baiwa.

mutummutumai da Medici

Wannan kashi na biyu na abun da ke ciki daga cikin shahararrun ɗakin sujada a Florence crypt shugabanni. Ya kunshi biyu sculptures, daya daga wanda ya siffanta Giuliano, waɗanda suke ɗauke da lakabi na Duke na Nemours, da kuma sauran - II na Lorenzo, Duke na Urbino. Su ne shahararrun ya zama na farko a cikin tarihin na Medici iyali samu irin wannan high lakabi.

Yana da muhimmanci a ambaci babban drawback na Michelangelo Buonarroti. Sculptures wannan master da babu kama ga prototypes. Ya ƙi jinin da hoto da kuma bayyana cewa, wannan wani canji dole ne ya ba wanda, tun da shi ba wanda zai lura a shekara dubu.

Image, kama da mutum-mutumi na Lorenzo nuna Rodin ta sassaka "The zurfin tunani." Michelangelo halitta wannan mutum-mutumi a cikin image na Roman janar a matsayi na zurfin tunani. Zoomorphic kwalkwali boyewa mafi yawan fuska a cikin wasu inuwõyi. An a wannan batun, har yanzu ana muhawara tsakanin masu bincike.

Wasu ce cewa wannan babban master hinted cewa Lorenzo da aka fama kafin mutuwa hauka. Wasu jayayya da cewa shi ne kawai wani da kamã da jũna image na da tsananin azãba.

Ko ta wani hanya, amma fuskar Giuliano yi aiki daga alhẽri. Ya ne wanda aka nuna a matsayin tsoho tasiri farko. Shi ne matasa, ba tare da wani kwalkwali, cike da makamashi, amma idanunsa gaba daya sha'aninsu dabam. Saboda haka, tana wakiltar manufar da ra'ayin mai hikima gwamnati.

Tare da lokaci na rana da kamã da jũna Figures, Lorenzo da Giuliano samar da kammala abun da ke ciki. Yana daukan masu kallo a lokacin Renaissance, idan akwai fitowan na zamani jihohi. Period na da rikici, da gwagwarmayar siyasa da kuma mãsu ƙẽtare iyãkõki adadin ta'aziyya.

bayi

Next, mu yi la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi nasara misalai na Michelangelo ta sassaka. Tare da sunan "Musa" da "Dawuda," mun riga ya sadu da. Wannan abun da ke ciki, wanda a yanzu mun magana, ta yi ciki a matsayin wani ɓangare na kabarin da Julius II.

Ya kunshi guda biyu - bayi, da mutuwa da kuma 'yan tawaye. Tun lokacin da maigida yana da wuya a haɗe muhimmancin hoto kama da kamã da jũna ma'anar su halittun, sa'an nan ba za mu iya ce wani abu game da ainihin ma'anar kowane kafin art.
Idan tambaya na baya ne da kamar wuya a iya warware abada, wani abu game da ma'anar kashe a wadannan tsauri images, to har yanzu muhawara.

Wasu sun ce wannan hoton na art, falala a kansu daga Paparoma, wasu sun nuna cewa, shi ne wani Misalin larduna nasara a zamanin mulkin Julius II.

Mutummutumai bayi wanda aka nuna biyu matasa da kuma karfi samari da suka kasance a cikin marũruwa. Daya daga gare su wanda yake kokarin fifiko kokarin karya da mari, na biyu daya rataye m, surrendering.

Wadannan Figures, kazalika da yawa wasu shahararrun sculptures ta Michelangelo, kamar "liberated" daga wani gungu na nasu.

Bã su da wani ban sha'awa rabo. Lokacin da mutum-mutumi da aka kammala, da daftarin canza tombstones. Saboda haka Buonarroti ba su wa aboki Stotstsi for your karamci, da kuma karshen gabatar da su zuwa Francis I. As misalai na Michelangelo ta sculptures sun kasance a cikin LOUVRE.

Bacchus

"Mãye Bacchus" yana dauke da farko nasara aiki ne na matasa maye. Ya halitta shi a shekara ashirin da biyu izini Raphael Riario, da Italiyanci Cardinal.

An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da Cardinal tare da shi kawai ya so ya fadada da tarin kayayyakin gargajiya sculptures. Amma a lokacin da ya gan ta karshe version na mutum-mutumi, Signor Riario ki yi da shi. Sassaka samu banki Galli, wanda ya rayu a kusa da fadar Cancellara. Bayan kusan shekara ɗari daya daga cikin sayan Medici a Florence da kuma hawa.

Yau da sassaka ne nuna a Florence Bargello Museum.
Wasu malaman Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti, misali, Viktor Lazarev, la'akari da wannan samfurin a kai tsaye kwaikwayo na zamanin d sassaka. Kuma suka ce cewa a cikin wannan farko m halitta ne babu albarkacin hali na marubucin.

"Bacchus" wakiltar allahn Romawa na ruwan inabi, wanda corresponded zuwa Girkanci Dionysus, tare da wani matashi satyr. The biyu ne a cikin wani annashuwa jihar, nasara rinjayar intoxicating sha.

Bacchus dubi a cikin kofin giya, sai fuskarsa ta nuna a kara soyayya ga ya halitta. Tsokoki na cinyoyinsa da ciki da annashuwa. Wasu masu bincike sun ce cewa wannan shi ne dalĩlin shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki rauni, hali to buri. Sauran tsoho Allah Ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne kawai manyan matakai na maye. Wannan ne evidenced da ya hali. Ya leans gaba, kamar yadda idan fadowa, amma baya tsokoki ake yi ƙunci ga kiyaye balance.

makoki

The kawai aikin a cikinsa akwai wani sanya hannu na marubucin, shi ne a sassaka na Michelangelo ta "Pieta". Its sunan zo daga Italian kalmar cewa yana nufin "baƙin ciki, tausayi." Babban batu na scene aka makoki marigayin dan Virgin Mary, Yesu Kristi.

Michelangelo "Pieta" yana dauke da art sukar daya daga cikin 'yan tsira ayyukan mika mulki lokaci daga farkon Renaissance na karni na sha biyar zuwa babban tsawon wannan zamanin.

Domin da Gothic hali na kamannin Mai Ceto, a kan matattu hannunka na Virgin Mary, amma shi gaba daya reinvents Buonarroti a cikin aikinsa. Ga Virgin ne wanda aka nuna a matsayin matasa mace wanda zaman makoki batattu ƙaunar daya.

Idan ka dubi abun da ke ciki, za mu iya ganin cewa akwai wani kaifi rabo tsakanin rai da matattu. Na farko da kungiyar hada halayen kamar mata, ado da kuma karkata zuwa ga gaskiya, su saɓanin ma'ana ne alamu na matattu a "Sha".

A cewar masana, wannan sassaka ya zama nasa tarihin ga dukan siffofin da Littafi Mai Tsarki al'amuran.

bagaden Piccolomini

Yau, mun san da yawa sculptures na Michelangelo da sunayen sunayen Katolika tsarkaka. Mafi yawan su suna located a kan bagaden Piccolomini a Siena Cathedral. Wannan ne ma cikin "Pieta", wanda muka tattauna a baya.

The kwangila ga wannan tsari da aka sanya hannu a cikin farkon shekaru na karni na sha shida da Cardinal Piccolomini. By ta sharuddan, da artist ya haifar da goma sha biyar sculptures a cikin shekaru uku. A matsayin sakamako ya samu ɗari biyar ducats, wanda wani babba Naira Miliyan Xari ga lokaci.

Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa, kwanan nan aka dauka har ma da oda zuwa "David" by Michelangelo gudanar da su sa ne kawai hudu sculptures.

Saboda haka, abin da yake da mutum-mutumi na Saints shiga abun da ke ciki na tunawa daga Gothic gine?

A na sama na ƙananan bene da aka yi wa ado da sculptures na St. Pius I (asali suna - Augustine) da kuma St. Gregory, da sittin hudu Paparoma.

A cikin ƙananan part suna located tsarkaka Bitrus da Bulus. Duk da overt rashin jituwa wa uban hotuna, siffofi na karshe da yawa masu bincike la'akari a kai-hoto na matasa artist.

Wannan ƙare mu takaice dai sani da irin wannan ban mamaki mutum, a matsayin artist, Falsafa da sculptor Michelangelo. Sculptures wannan master ƙawata ba kawai mafi kyau Monuments a Italiya, amma kuma sanannu ne gidajen tarihi a kasashe daban-daban.

Travel, masoyi masu karatu. Good luck zuwa gare ku, kuma mafi m kwaikwayo!