Mene ne dielectric akai na matsakaici

Duk da yake har yanzu a cikin makaranta a darussan kimiyyar lissafi malami, magana game da lantarki mamaki, ya bayyana abin da na dielectric akai na matsakaici. A nan gaba, idan da babban sana'a ba alaka lantarki injiniya, da topic aka manta a amince. A cikin wannan takarda, mun tuna abin da ya ta'allaka a baya da wannan definition.

Yawanci, ga wani bayani da kalmar "dielectric akai na matsakaici" ne yawanci dauke da wani misali na wani capacitor wanda faranti ne lebur. Wakiltar cikin sauki capacitor located in vacuo. Ƙayyade darajar da wutar lantarki :

Qv = (U * S * maddî) / d,

inda d - nesa tsakanin faranti, U - ƙarfin lantarki, S - yanki na farantin, maddî - dielectric. m. A karshen ne a tunani darajar, shi ne dielectric akai na matsakaici ba tare da iska (injin), kuma shi ne daidai 8.85 * 10 -12 Farad digiri da mita.

Amma capacitors raba farantin matsakaici iya zama ba kawai wani wuri, amma wani dielectric abu. Babu shakka, a cikin wannan yanayin da dielectric akai na matsakaici ne daban-daban daga «maddî», saboda haka, da cajin dabam. Idan capacitor an haɗa zuwa tushen electromotive karfi, da darajar da cajin a kan faranti zama Qz. A dielectric akai daga cikin kayan ne rabo na cajin Qz condenser faranti haɗa ta cajin a cikin hali na injin Qv, Ina nufin

E = Qz / Qv.

A bayyane yake, da girma ne mãsu fakowa ba. Powered condenser daukan ikon daga Madogararsa.

A gaskiya, shi ne zumunta dielectric akai na matsakaici. Ya nuna yadda mutane da yawa sau da tsanani rage-rage cajin hulda rabu da wani dielectric, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da faranti a vacuo. Zaka kuma iya ce cewa wannan na daya daga cikin halaye na kayan.

Idan jari na cajin a kan faranti na da ikon samar aka tsaya, akwai wani daban-daban sabon abu. Faduwa da irin ƙarfin lantarki, kuma saboda haka, rage-rage na lantarki filin tsanani. Me ya sa?

Duk wani abu da ya kunshi kwayoyin halitta da electrons orbiting nuclei. Lokacin da lantarki filin rarraba faruwa a kowane m kwayoyin na polarity na waje mataki - wani da ake kira rabuwa kafa da dipole. Wannan e-mail ta bayyanar. A kayan kanta iya kunshi iyakacin duniya da kuma nonpolar kwayoyin. A cikin farko idan da kwayoyin da aka daidaitacce bisa ga filin (ƙarfin lantarki), kazalika da dipoles Caster, da dangi permittivity ne wajen high. Tamanin da permeability ne sau da yawa mafi girma daga 100 raka'a. A karo na biyu idan (ba iyakacin duniya kwayoyin), ko da yake saboda da aikin filin da dipoles aka kafa, wani ɓangare na samar da makamashi ciyar a kula da su sarari sanyi, duk da haka bai isa a kula permeability da ba safai ya wuce 5 raka'a. Ya kamata a lura da cewa gaseous abu ko da yaushe yana da wani low permeability saboda karamin yawan kwayoyin da naúrar girma, ko da kuwa su halitta tsarin.

Domin ya fi na kowa dielectric kayan permeability data aka ba a cikin Game da alluna, don haka a lokacin da yin lissafin akwai wani ƙunci tare da definition na so darajar. Sha'awa, da iska yana da wani permeability na 1 naúrar. Wannan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa a cikin capacitors amfani da daban-daban ƙarin dielectric Layer -. Ceramics, Mika, paraffin, da dai sauransu All wadannan kayan, da ciwon mafi girma permeability, kara darajar da tara cajin a kan faranti. A wasu kalmomin, da capacitance za a iya gyara ba kawai a cikin hanyar faranti wuri, amma raba su da hotuna. Champions tsakanin abubuwa da high permeability ne tukwane (80) da kuma tsarkake ruwa na impurities (a kalla 81).