Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilevich - darektan-experimentalist

Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilevich - sanannen Rasha da kuma Soviet fim darektan da actor, wani fitaccen Theatrical adadi. Akwai ba haka ba mutane da yawa m mutanen da suka iya fariya irin wannan arziki biography, kamar Meyerhold.

farkon shekaru

Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilevich aka haife shi a 1874 a Rasha birnin pumice a wani matalauci iyali germanized Lutheran Yahudawa. Real sunan - Karl Kasimir Theodor Meyergold. A gagarumin tasiri a kan samuwar da kuma ci gaban da Charles a shi da soyayya da wasan kwaikwayo yana da wata uwa - Alvin Danilovna. Ta shirya m maraice da kuma improvised wasanni, a cikin abin da duk ta yara halarci.

Nazarin da aka bai wa Karl wuya. Ya zauna sau da dama a shekara ta biyu, don haka ya kammala karatunsa quite marigayi. Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare sai ya shiga Moscow University da niyyar samun wata dokar mataki. A wannan shekara, bayan kai da shekaru masu rinjaye (shekaru 21), Carl yanke shawarar da ya maye gurbin Prussian dan kasa zuwa Rasha. Ya kuma yanke shawarar canza sunan. Tun wannan lokacin, shi zama da aka sani Vsevolod, kazalika da ya fi so marubuci Garshin. Tare da sunan canza shi da wani kadan da sunan. A daidai da dokoki na Rasha harshen ta yanzu sauti kamar Meyerhold.

A dalibi shekaru Meyerhold auri ya takwarorina Olga Munt. By karshen na jami'a nazarin haifi dan farko.

Aiki a Moscow Art Theater

Tun 1898, Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilevich fara sabis a cikin nagartattu na Moscow Art Theater. Akwai, ya gana da makaranta m gidan wasan kwaikwayo, amma ba zai iya yarda da koyarwar da kuma yarda da shi.

A lokacin aikin na Moscow Art wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya rika bangare a cikin irin productions matsayin "Mutuwa na Ivan da Munin," "The Merchant of Venice," "Antigone," "Lonely Mutane," "The tsuntsun seagull," "Three Sisters." Duk da haka, rashin biyan bukata da da Stanislavsky tsarin sa shi ya fita daga cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma nagartattu don barin gidan wasan kwaikwayon.

"Association of sabon wasan kwaikwayo"

Tun 1902, ta fara wani zaman kanta m aiki Meyerhold. Ya koma zuwa lardin, inda na tsawon shekaru biyu ya yi aikin biyu wajibi: actor kuma darektan. A wannan lokaci ya yi aiki a dama gidan wasan kwaikwayo kamfanonin.

Ko a lokacin da yake aiki a lardin birane kamar Nikolaev da Sevastopol, shi ya shirya da studio "Association of sabon wasan kwaikwayo", da shugaban da yake Meyerhold.

Biography na darektan ne mai arziki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Moscow a 1905, ya samu wani tayin daga Stanislavsky zuwa fara sabis a cikin Studio wasan kwaikwayo a Cook. Tare da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na studio ya sanya cikin play "Mutuwa Tentazhilya" a kan play ta M. Maeterlinck. A wannan wuri, da Meyerhold gudanar ya hada da wasan kwaikwayo da kuma rawa, kazalika da yin asali music, da launukanku. Amma watanni shida bayan da farkon Stanislavsky ya ƙi ci gaba da shirya gwaji da kuma wasan kwaikwayo studio, inda ya yi aiki Meyerhold rufe.

Ayuba a St. Petersburg

A cikin fall na 1906 ya fara da St. Petersburg tsawon Meyerhold. Ya samu wani tayin zama manyan darektan na Drama wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka shirya da Vera Fedorovna Komissarzhevskaya.

Duk da haka, da darektan Meyerhold neman kokarin hannunka ba kawai a samar da ban mamaki kwaikwaiyo. Don Master da taron gunduma na mataki na wasan, shi ya sanya da dama pantomimes. A hankali, domin irin wannan wakilci an fara rubuta wasu musamman tatsuniyoyinsu.

Duk da yake aiki a St. Petersburg Vsevolod Meyerhold ba manta game da soyayya ga wasan a kan mataki. Kamar yadda wani actor, sai ya rika bangare a cikin ban mamaki kwaikwaiyo da kuma rawa wasanni. Alal misali, a 1910 ya buga rawar da Pierrot a gabatar da Mihaila Fokina "Carnival".

A hankali Meyerhold ta wasanni fara fito fili a kan scene Turai sinimomi. A mataki na farko a kan hanyar zuwa daraja shi ne rawa "Pisanello", wanda aka aiwatar a cikin wasan kwaikwayo du Chatelet a Paris.

Wani muhimmin karewa touch. Meyerhold Vsevolod Emilevich kasance daga mãsu artists da ke goyon bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba.

Wasan kwaikwayo Meyerhold (TIM)

A 1924 ya directed nasa gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka shirya. Ya samun damar, tare da kamfanin ya je kasashen waje a kan yawon shakatawa. Sun yi tafiya zuwa kasashe irin su Jamus, Ingila, Faransa, Italiya, Czechoslovakia.

Yana da yake a TIM aka farko halshen gargajiya kwaikwaiyo na XIX karni. Daga cikin su sanannen "Sufeto" litattafan Gogol da kuma "Forest" by Alexander Ostrovsky. Aiki a kan su kasance na musamman mataki a cikin m biography na Meyerhold. Don cimma mafi girma nisha da kuma satirical, receptions Rasha rumfa aka yi amfani. Mun gode wa iyawa to darektan Meyerhold ya iya kunna ta kai mataki sarari.

Ya gwaje-gwajen da ya gudanar, da kuma a kan zamani plays. Kowane sabon sanarwa da aka sani da sukar da kuma masu sauraro a matsayin scandalous faru.

Babu shakka cewa irin wannan ayyuka darektan experimenter iya ba son yanzu gwamnatin, domin aikinsa ba ya shige a cikin tsarin na sabon art. Saboda haka, a cikin marigayi thirties, kamar da yawa daga cikin Sahaban, aka repressed. Ya aka harbe a watan Fabrairu 1940.