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Dabarun cruise makamai masu linzami da X-55: Bayani dalla-dalla, photos
Long da lokacin da wata babbar jirgin sama makami an atomatik gun. Hakika, akwai daya a kan jirgin na kowane zamani fama jirgin saman soja, kuma interceptor, amma da ainihin darajar ne kadan. Dalili na fama ikon zamani Air Force - kaddamar cruise makami mai linzami. X-55 - daya daga cikin na farko kuma mafi inganci model na wannan makami, wanda aka soma da Soviet Army.
Fara na ci gaba
A farko samfurori da kuma "filin" gwaje-gwaje
A farko samfurori sun fara tara a Dubna, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1978. Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa sha'anin aka ɗora Kwatancen saki makamai masu linzami da X-22, an yanke shawarar tura samarwa a Kharkov. A cikin farkon shekaru na Kharkov factory muna kawai partially saki manyan aka gyara na makamai masu linzami, yayin da ƙãre kayayyakin taru a Dubna, amma nan da nan da kamfanin ya gaba daya wuce a rufaffiyar samar da sake zagayowar.
A farkon shekarar 1978 (kafin kammala duk gwajin bulan), da Soviet gwamnati yanke shawarar a kan farkon kafa serial samar da wadannan makamai masu linzami. A karshen shekarar 1980, na farko samar da makami mai linzami KH-55 da aka hukuma da mika su ga abokin ciniki. Tun daga farko, da aka zaci cewa dako na sabon makamai masun karfi zai zama "White Swans" Tu-160 da kuma "Bears" Tu-95. X-55 gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi a ƙasa a Faustovo.
A farko gazawar
Da farko serial makami mai linzami X-55 tafo 23 Fabrairu 1981. Kawai dozin gabatar da aka za'ayi, da samfurin da aka hana daya kawai. Bugu da ƙari, cikin yanayin ne ba a wani zane flaws, da kuma ƙi janareta. Amma me ya sa muke bukatar shi a cikin yi da irin wannan takamaiman harsasai, idan za ka iya samar da wani sanyata baturi high iya aiki?
Gaskiyar cewa makaman nukiliya da makamai masu linzami asali tsara don haka da cewa, idan ya cancanta, to kara da kewayon su m aikace-aikace. Standard batura a ko'ina cikin "hanya" ba za ta iya samar da iko ga duk aka gyara. Kuma saboda ana powered by wani kananan-sized ikon janareta RDK-300.
Fara shigar da sojojin
A shekarar 1984, na yau da kullum da gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar cikin abin da aka gano cewa, shi zai iya daidai buga wani manufa a nesa na 2.5 kilomita dubu. A shekarar 1986, samar aka cikakken canjawa wuri zuwa birnin Kirov. Don sauke taron shop, wasu abubuwa na da makami mai linzami ya fara nuna a Smolensk sufurin jiragen sama Shuka.
Main fasali:
The fasali daban-daban X-55? A cruise makami mai linzami da aka tsara a kan tushen da misali da nata irin sanyi. Housing karfe kayayyakin for welded gidajen abinci. A gaskiya ma, fiye da 70% na fuselage - da man fetur tanki. Da ikon tsari ne wakilta Frames, wanda hašawa duk na'urorin, kayan aiki, su ne kuma ke da alhakin m roka Tashar sarrafa bays. Saboda haka kamar yadda ake bukata don kara sauƙi zane, kusan dukan abubuwa na da firam ake yi bakin ciki-hananna.
gyara wani zaɓi
Duk da haka, akwai wani X-55. Dabarun cruise makami mai linzami da wani index of "SM" a cikin jiki wanda bayar da musamman sama da man fetur tankuna, zai tashi riga 3.5 dubu. Km. Amma baya samar kawai version na X-555, zuwa ga jiki wanda aka na gaskiya aza firam ga karin man fetur tankuna. Wannan gyara zai buga hari a nesa daga sama zuwa 3 kilomita dubu.
Ikon nukiliya warhead - 200 CT. A halin yanzu daraja a modified X-55 roka a sabis. Features bayyana shi da cikakken m, amma warhead "cushe da" ba wani makaman nukiliya warhead, da kuma cakuda da na al'ada TNT da geksokena.
Aerodynamics da powerplant
Raba ambaci cancanci amfani powerplant. Turbofan engine R95-300 turbojet manufa na aiki ne saka a cikin wutsiya sashe. Dalili shi ne na musamman pylon. By kamar wancan hadaddun, ya ja daga cikin jiki kawai kafin fara. Fara ma za'ayi da mataki na korar da abun yanka. Wannan engine ne sosai m, amma ta aza rabo ne daidai 3,68 kg / kg. Shi ne, da bambanci, shi ne gaba daya kamar a mafi zamani fama da jirgin sama.
A sakamakon haka, cruise makamai masu linzami da X-55, da halaye na wanda sa shi yiwuwa a yi la'akari da shi quite isasshen makamai, har ma ga halin yanzu yanayi, shi ne su iya ci gaba da gudu, ta haka ne hana ta interception a kan fama hanya.
A gaskiya, bisa ga wannan halayyar, wannan makami har yanzu ba ya samar da dama sabon aukuwa. Sakonnin da makamai masu linzami da wannan mai yiwuwa ne kawai idan yin amfani da mafi m da kuma nagartaccen tsaro tsarin. Ganin cewa a sake a halin yanzu lokaci - shi ne daidai ba tsada X-55 zai zama wani dogon lokaci zuwa tsaya a sabis na kasar mu, da ciwon gaba daya da hanyoyin zamani da daukan hankali iko.
Nau'in na man fetur amfani
Amma yin aiki tare da wannan irin makamashi ne musamman wuya: detsilin sosai m, sabili da haka ya bukatar m mot, da nufin rike da mafi mutunci daga cikin gidaje. Kuma suna cike da kawai da makamai masu linzami, wanda aka saka a kan dabarun da makami mai linzami m jijjiga. A duk sauran lokuta, da soja fi son yin amfani da jet man fetur, kamar yadda wannan minimizes da kasada duka biyu ga sojoji da kuma farar hula, yawan.
manufa na aiki
shiriya tsarin - inertial, cikakken m, tare da jirgin sabawa dangane da halaye na ƙasa. Kafin jirgin avionics makamai masu linzami da aka yi wa lodi reference ginshiƙi na yankin, wanda shi ne da akayi manufa. A lokacin da jirgin, da X-55 iska-kaddamar cruise da makamai masu linzami na iya zama batun a matsayin wani umarni daga ƙasa, ko iska, da kuma yin amfani da wani cikakken tsaya-shi kadai shirin, motsi daga cikin sauƙi. Wannan ya sa su da gaske m da kuma musamman da muggan makamai.
Maneuvering da jirgin
A makirci ne mai sauki. Na farko, da makami mai linzami da aka saki a cikin iska saboda da abun yanka, sa'an nan kuma ya jũya a kan babban engine a kan wanda shi ne yawo da sauran hanyar zuwa da manufa. Jirgin da aka gudanar a tsawon ba fiye da 60-100 mita. Idan dole, X-55 zai iya tashi a tsawon kawai mita 30! A daidai wannan lokaci shi ta atomatik bypasses duk cikas iya ta atomatik Amar kashe hanya, guje wa da gano gungu VIP kujeru. A hanya canjãwa kowane 100-200 kilomita.
Don yin wannan a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da makamai masu linzami da shiga da ake kira daidaituwa lakabin. Lokacin da ta kai a wasu batu, akwai wani "karanta" da ƙasa, dangane da wanda aka aza wani sabon hanya, wanda damar mafi inganci mataki kubuce maƙiyi iska defenses.
Kamar wancan samu sakamakon da scan yanki ne kullum bari tare da misali shar'anta a cikin memory, don haka abin da sabawa daga qaddara hanya ba zai yiwu ba. An saboda wannan shawara, wadannan makamai masu linzami za a iya jawo a wata manufa da irin wannan daidaici cewa for baya ƙarni na makamai na wannan ajin yana da kusan unattainable. A karshe, wani real haskaka daga cikin X-55 shi ne mai wuya a rawar daji su, a sakamakon wanda suna iya kubuce wa tareda žata iska tsaro tsarin a yawancin lokuta.
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