Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: a takaice biography for kids

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, a takaice biography wanda ya yi nazarin manhaja - sanannen tsarin halittar jini, wata Rasha botanist, geographer, kafa rukunan asalin horar da shuke-shuke da kuma nazarin halittu da kwasfansu na selection, da Mafarin halittar sa na kimiyya cibiyoyin bincike, da aka haife shi a Moscow a kan Nuwamba 25, 1887. Rasha masanin kimiyya Ya sanya wani invaluable taimako ga kimiyya, wanda aka gane ilmin halitta a duniya.

Passion ga shuke-shuke daga yara

Uba Nicholas - Ivan Ilyich - zo daga wani baƙauye iyali, shi ya kasance wani m na biyu guild, da kuma tsunduma a zamantakewa. Kafin juyin juya halin jagoranci manufactory factory "Uninstall kuma Vavilov." Inna - Alexander M. - 'yar da artist-sassaƙa Prohovskoy manufactory. Duk a cikin iyali, akwai 'ya'ya bakwai, wanda uku, ya rasu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri. A kane na gaba masanin kimiyya - Sergei Vavilov - sadaukar da rayuwarsa don kimiyyar lissafi, kafa a Soviet kimiyya makaranta na jiki kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, a 1945-1951 ya shugabanci Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet. Dattijon yar'uwar Alexander ya zaɓi likita hanya, zama da Oganeza na Moscow tsafta networks. Lydia - da ƙaramin 'yar'uwa, koya zama microbiologist, a lokacin daya daga cikin expeditions kama smallpox kuma ya mutu. Nikolai Vavilov, a takaice biography ne ban sha'awa to Raya Makon da ya kimiyya aikin, sabanin sauran yara, daga yara ya m na Flora da fauna da kuma suna da wani babban laulayi kimiyyar yanayin halitta. Wannan sha'awa taimakawa wajen rare littattafai, maps da herbarium da yake yana da manyan library mahaifinsa, da kuma inganta da samuwar wani nan gaba itatuwa aure.

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: a takaice biography for kids

By nufin Nikolai Vavilov, da mahaifin sa suna a wani kasuwanci makaranta. Bayan ta kammala, a shekarar 1906, ya zama dalibi na Cibiyar Aikin Gona (Agronomy Faculty) a Moscow. 1908 aka alama ta dalibi balaguro a kan Transcaucasia da Arewa Caucasus, inda Vavilov N. I., a takaice dai biography na wanda ake bukata don nazarin manhaja, gudanar Gwargwadon da Botanical bincike. A 1910 ya dauki wuri agronomical ayyuka a Poltava gwaji tashar, Vavilov cajin domin kara hayayyafa aiki.

A lokacin da nazari a cibiyar propensity zuwa binciken da aiki bayyana Nicholas akai-akai. dalibi ba laccoci a kan sassalar a shuka duniya da kuma gwajin ilimin halittar jiki, gabatar da wani taƙaitaccen labari game tsirara tutsar sulug, tareda žata ƙasar noma Moscow lardin. Domin wannan aiki, Nikolai Vavilov aka bayar da Moscow Polytechnic Museum. Bayan samun digiri, mai alamar saurayi an bar shirya domin a professorship a Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona kuma Ya ƙaddara zuwa kiwo tashar na ma'aikata, inda ya fara nazarin hankali horar da shuke-shuke rigakafi ga fungi, parasites. Layi daya ga wannan, Nikolay Ivanovich sanar a Cibiyar Mata da Aikin Noma.

Saba da kwarewa na Turai da takwarorinsu

Daga 1911 zuwa 1912 ya yi masa horon a St. Petersburg, da manufar wanda ya fi a-zurfin gabatarwar ga labarin kasa na horar da hatsi, kayi nazarin halaye da kuma cuta, da kuma a 1913 - mai tafiya kasashen waje don kammala karatun su. A Jamus, Nikolai Ivanovich yi aiki don wani lokaci a Jamus Falsafa dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma halittu Ernsta Gekkelya, a France Masana sabon nasarori da kiwo iri a Ingila, ya jagoranci da Farfesa William Bateson (Daya daga cikin mafi girma da jinsi na cewa lokaci), wanda Vavilov dauke malaminsa, karatu da zaman lafiyar to cututtuka na hatsi. A yakin duniya na farko ne dalilin da soke aiki, da kuma Nikolai ya koma zuwa Moscow, inda ya ci gaba da aikinsa a kan binciken na shuka rigakafi, gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a Metropolitan Nurseries guda biyu tare da Farfesa Zhegalovym S. I.

Me ya mutu a Farisa Rasha sojoji?

A 1916, Nikolai Vavilov samu babban digiri bayan nasarar wucewa da jarrabawa. a daidai wannan lokacin, shi Ban daga aikin soja saboda wani aibi na gani (da suka ji rauni a wani shimfiɗar jariri, da ido), ya kawo a matsayin mai bada shawara a kan al'amurran da suka shafi na taro cuta a Farisa sojoji na Rasha sojojin. A sabili da cutar ya iya gane Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich. Short biography yara 2 bayyana aji cewa samu a cikin gari da guda na cockle iri naman gwari Stromantinia temulenta, samar da abubuwa da za su iya haifar da guba a cikin mutum - wani alkaloid temulin. A sakamakon ya mataki da aka asarar sani, seizures, drowsiness, da kuma dizziness. akwai yiwuwar mutuwa. Matsalar da aka warware ta haramta amfani da gida kayayyakin. guzuri ba a fara a Rasha.

Bayan samun izinin gudanar da soja jagorancin balaguro, Vavilov tafi zurfi a cikin Iran, sa nufin su bincika samfurori na gida hatsi. Shuka tsaba a Ingila Persian alkama, Nikolai kokarin hanyoyi daban-daban don harba ta da powdery fumfuna da ake ji da nitrogen taki ko da haddasa cutar. Duk da yunkurin kasance m, inda masana kimiyya ƙarasa da cewa tsarin na rigakafi na shuke-shuke ne kai tsaye dogara a kan muhalli da yanayi na asali tsari na jinsi. A lokacin da wannan balaguro, Nikolai Ivanovich bayyana zato cewa dokokin na kwayoyin bambancin.

aiki nasara

1917 aka alama da zaben na Vavilov ta mataimakansa shugaban sashen aiyuka o a shawarwarin Regel R. E. Babu wani daga cikin masana kimiyya suka yi aiki a kan shuka rigakafi, ba zai zo da bude theme haka kusa a lokaci guda cikakken mu haskaka da batun, kamar yadda Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich. Short biography yara ya gaya mana cewa a 1917 da masanin kimiyyar koma Saratov inda a Higher Darussan Aikin Gona gangarawa Sashen da kiwo, halittar jini da kuma masu zaman kansu noma. Kamar yadda wani farfesa a Agronomy Faculty daga 1917 zuwa 1921 a Saratov University, Vavilov a layi daya da laccoci ya tafi zuwa ga gwaji nazari na rigakafi na amfanin gona. A sakamakon wannan babban aiki, wanda ya hada da bincike da nazari da dama da ɗari irin alkama da hatsi, analysis rigakafi iri da su laulayi cuta, m ilimin Halittar Jiki damar iya yin komai, ya zama da aka buga a 1919. A monograph "The rigakafi na shuke-shuke zuwa cututtuka."

A 1920, da sanannen masanin kimiyya sanya wani gabatarwa game da dokar a cikin kwayoyin canzawa daga homologue jerin ta uku All-Rasha Congress, da kwamitin shirya wanda ya gangarawa. A rahoton da ya zama mafi girma a taron na duniya na kimiyyar halitta, kuma aka kyau samu ta hanyar kimiyya.

Gwaje-gwaje da bincike, nasarori

A 1920, bayan da aka zabe ta a post na shugaban sashen aiyuka o da kuma Selection, Nikolai Vavilov, a takaice biography wanda aka bayyana a cikin da dama litattafan, ya koma Petrograd, inda ya fara a cikin wani babban hanya da za su gudanar kimiyya aiki. The shugaban kungiyar, ƙarshe sake masa suna da All-Union Cibiyar Shuka Vavilov zauna har karshen 1940. Tare da AA Yachevskim Nikolay Ivanovich aka aika zuwa Amurka inda shawarce da iri wadata, nazarin a lokaci guda, da hatsi-girma yankunan Amurka yankuna. A kan hanyar koma masanin kimiyya ziyarci Belgium, Holland, Faransa, Sweden, Ingila, inda ya gudanar da wani yawan tarurruka da masana kimiyya, ya gana da kiwo tashoshin da bincike dakunan gwaje-gwaje, ya kafa sabuwar sadarwa da kuma shirya sayan kimiyya kayan aiki, adabi da kuma high quality-iri.

1923 aka alama ta Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova zaben a matsayin Darektan kula da jihar Cibiyar gwajin Agronomy. A shirin na masanin kimiyya a 20s a manyan yawan cibiyoyin bincike, karatu da kuma fuskantar siffofin daban-daban na amfani shuke-shuke da aka halitta a wani iri-iri yanayin da gona yanayi na Tarayyar Soviet.

An invaluable taimako ga kimiyya

Biography Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha aka nasaba, kimiyya expeditions, aiwatar daga 1924 zuwa 1929. Wannan shi ne Afghanistan, Afirka, da Rum, Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, a lokacin da masana kimiyya ƙara da tarin tsaba (a cikin dubbai na samfurori), da kuma samar da nazari cibiyoyin girma amfanin gona.

A shekara ta 1927, domin m rahoton "Gwargwadon gwajen yi nazarin canzawa na horar da shuke-shuke a cikin Tarayyar Soviet", wanda Nikolai Ivanovich sanya a Roma a wani taro na masanan aikin noma, masana kimiyya aka bayar da mindar zinariya ta, da kuma taron ya yanke shawarar amfani da raya Vavilov tsarin Gwargwadon amfanin gona a duniya.

Nikolai Vavilov Family

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, a takaice biography wanda ya gaya masa gagarumin nasarori a duniyar kimiyya, an yi aure sau biyu. Farko da matar da aka Ekaterina Nikolaevna masanin kimiyya Sakharov, da aure da wanda yana da ɗa, Oleg. Ya mutu a cikin shekaru 28 na shekaru a cikin Caucasus a hawan duwatsu a. Na biyu matar - Doctor na aikin gona Sciences, masanin halitta Elena Barulin da wanda Nikolai saba daga lokacin ta dalibai (1918); yarinya da hannu a dama fitattu da ya shawarta (ciki har da a wani balaguro zuwa kudu-maso-gabashin ɓangare na Rasha), rubuta articles, kunshe a Vavilov ta littafi a kan filin amfanin gona. Family Elena Ivanovna da Nikolay halitta a 1926. Daga wannan aure da aka haife Yuri Vavilov, wanda ya zama wani likita na jiki da kuma ilmin lissafi sciences, makaman nukiliya likita, kuma ya aikata yawa don bincika bayani game da ubansa da su ɗaba'ar.

A lissafi na halittar Vavilov Institute for Fruit Growing, kayan lambu da kuma dankalin turawa kansu, subtropical amfanin gona, viticulture, fodder, magani da kuma aromatic shuke-shuke - fiye da dari kimiyya cibiyoyin. A 1930, Nikolai Vavilov gangarawa cikin Birnin Leningrad, kwayoyin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Tarayyar Soviet Academy, a shekarar 1931 - da All-Union Kasa Society.

Kama da ƙarya la'anta

Nasara aiki karbuwa a kasashen duniya Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova fatalwa shi m, wanda ya rubuta wata wasika zuwa ga Stalin da siyasa zargin, wanda aka tuhuma Vavilov a kadaici daga real laifi noma, da siyasa, promiscuity a wadda Vavilov bai rarrabe gaskiya makiyan Soviet iko. Layi daya hali na jama'a zalunci a periodicals. Tun da 1934, Nikolai Ivanovich aka dakatar daga tafiya kasashen waje, aikinsa ne same su zama unsatisfactory.

Vavilov aka kama a watan Agusta 1940, tuhuma da counter-gwagwarmaya. A 1941, masana kimiyya da aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa. jumla aka maye gurbinsu a 1942 ta 20-shekara jumla. Nikolai Ivanovich ya mutu a wani asibiti a Saratov kurkuku, ya kasance majinyaci a lokacin da yake gidan yari ciwon huhu, dysentery. a bara na rayuwa wahala dystrophy. Mutuwa aka lalacewa ta hanyar karkatar cardiac aiki. Posthumously Rasha masanin kimiyyar da aka gyara a shekarar 1955: dukkan tuhumar da ake yi masa da aka qirqiro, na ƙarya. Binne Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich, a takaice biography cewa ban sha'awa a manyan yawan ya Raya Makon, a wani na kowa kabari, tare da sauran fursunoni.