Cytology - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin alamar rahama rassan adam ilimi

Cytology - kimiyya karatu cell hulda da kuma sifar tantanin halitta wanda, bi da bi, wani muhimman hakkokin bangaren na wani rai gabar. A lokaci asali daga zamanin d Girkanci Concepts "kitos" da "tambura", ma'anar, bi da bi, cell da kuma koyarwa.

The asalin da kuma farkon cin gaban kimiyya

Cytology - shi ne daya daga dukan galaxy of Sciences, wanda spun kashe a cikin zamani zamanin da ilmin halitta. The riga na da ya faru ya kasance da sabuwar dabara na microscope a XVII karni. Yana da aka kallon rayuwa ta hanyar irin wannan m zane, da Banasare Robert Guk farko samu cewa Kwayoyin kunshi duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Saboda haka, ya aza cewa cytology nazarin yau. A shekaru goma daga baya, wani masanin kimiyya - Antoni Levenguk - gano cewa Kwayoyin da tsananin umurni da tsarin da kuma aiki alamu. Ya nasa ne da samu wanzuwar nuclei. Duk da haka, na dogon lokaci misali na cell da kuma ta aiki hampered da matalauta ingancin microscopes na lokaci. Bugu da ari muhimmanci matakai da aka dauka a tsakiyar XIX karni. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wani muhimmanci inganta fasahar, game da shi, samar da sabon Concepts, da kuma wanda gare ta m cin gaban cytology. Wannan, a sama da dukan, gano protoplasm da kuma fitowan na cell ka'idar.

Ana zargin cell ka'idar

Bisa ga tara da lokaci da empirical ilimi, masana kimiyyar M. Schleiden kuma T. Schwann kusan lokaci guda miƙa zuwa duniyar kimiyya da ra'ayin cewa duk dabba da shuka Kwayoyin suna kama da juna, da kuma cewa kowane irin cell kanta tana duk siffofin da ayyuka na wani rai gabar . Irin wannan fahimtar hadaddun rayuwa siffofin a duniya ya na da wani tasiri a kan hanya a cikin abin da kara shige cytology. Wannan kuma ya shafi ta kara ci gaba.

A gano protoplasm

A gaba muhimmanci ci gaba a ce yanki na gwaninta ya gano da kuma bayanin irin kaddarorin da protoplasm. Yana da wani abu wanda ya cika salula kwayoyin, kuma shi ne mai matsakaici for cell jikinsu. Daga baya masana kimiyya da ilmi game da wannan al'amari sun samo asali. Yau shi ne ake kira da cytoplasm.

Kara ci gaba da kuma gano kwayoyin gado

A cikin rabi na biyu na XIX mai hankali Kwayoyin cewa suna kunshe a cikin ta aka gano da cell tsakiya. Suka kira chromosomes. Su binciken ya bude ga bil'adama da dokokin kwayoyin ci gaba. A mafi muhimmanci taimako a cikin wannan yanki da aka alama ta ƙarshen XIX karni Austria Gregor Mendel.

Jihar na da art

Domin na zamani kimiyya al'umma cytology - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci rassan nazarin halittu ilmi. Irin wannan shi ya sanya ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha damar. Hanyar na zamani cytology ne yadu amfani a cikin bincike ne da amfani ga mutane, misali, a cikin binciken na da ciwon daji, girma wucin gadi gabobin, kazalika a kiwo, jinsi, waddan sabon jinsin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke da sauransu.