Babban archaeological binciken: description, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Mutane da yaushe tunani game da wanda kakanninsu da suke zaune dubban shekaru da suka wuce. Great wayewar, tafi har abada, bar baya da yawa asirai kebanci masana kimiyya. Evidence na bygone kwanaki, same ta archaeologists, zubar da haske a kan da yawa asirai hade da tarihin 'yan adam. Bari mu yi kokarin bincika mafi ban sha'awa Finds na musamman darajar kimiyya.

Archaeological samu na karni: na musamman da find a kasa na Lake Issyk-Kul

Daya daga cikin manyan majiyai a duniya na ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi da aka bude a kasa na Lake Issyk-Kul unknown wayewa, wanda shekaru, bisa ga mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya da zaton mu, shi ne game da 2.5 shekara dubu. Kusa da Kyrgyzstan kandami riga tsoho m mutane, mounds, petroglyphs, tsoho shiri da kuma dukiyar da aka samu. Duk da haka, ƙasar da masu bincike sun nuna cewa mafi ban sha'awa iya lurking a cikin ruwa, da kuma ka'idarsu da aka tabbatar.

A archaeological binciken sanya a kasa na lake, mamakin da kimiyya duniya: shi ya juya daga cewa tekun ne ba nomadic kabilu zauna a Issyk-Kul, kuma akwai wani ci-gaba da wayewa. Kamar yadda ya bayyana daga masu bincike, da yankin kowace ƙarni biyu bambanta kabilu, kuma kandami aka dauke cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da tsoho wayewar.

Binciken karkashin ruwa

Iri iri samu a cikin ruwa fiye da kilometer-dogon garu, kuma shi yana dauke da cewa ruwa bayyana biyar manyan biranen da aka jera tare da yashi, kuma silt. Da masu bincike tsara da flooded shiri makirci, amma daidai delineate da ƙasa ne har yanzu wuya. Archaeological binciken ya kai ga cikar babban matakin al'adu da fasaha ci gaban data kasance wayewar.

Mun samu a kasa na mounds kamar waɗanda a cikin abin da Scythians aka binne shi, suka sami wani taron domin samar da tama, kai-wasa rike da wuka, kazalika da zinariya heksagon abu mai kama da wani nau'i na farko Old Rasha Ruble.

Wayewa da wani babban matakin

Sa mamaki archaeological binciken ƙara wani sabon labarin a tarihin 'yan adam, da kuma wasu kayayyakin gargajiya tsanani ruxani masana kimiyya. A kasa da aka samu a tagulla kasko da a haɗe iyawa, da hanyar da yi ne ba a sani ba. Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa high-tech hanyoyin da karfe aiki ne in mun gwada sabon, shi ne m yadda ya yiwu a cimma ingancin da dangane da duk cikakkun bayanai ga fiye da shekara dubu biyu da suka wuce.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa tarihi na archaeological binciken a yankin na Lake Kyrgyzstan hasken isasshe m. Masana kimiyya ci gaba da karatu a karkashin ruwa na al'ada hadaddun, gona da gine-gine da gidaje. Amma za mu iya riga sun kammala da cewa wani lokaci a cikin Issyk-Kul akwai wani ci-gaba da wayewa da cewa hadawa da masu zama a gida da kuma nomadic siffofin noma. Kuma shi daina wanzuwa, mafi m bayan ruwan matakin Yunƙurin, barin masanin kimiyya mai yawa asirai.

Rosetta dutse

Idan ya zo game da babban archaeological binciken, ba za mu iya kasa su ambaci mutum ke sanya samu a Misira a karshen da XVIII karni. Rosetta Stone, ya kira a madadin na birnin, kusa da shi da aka samu, an sanya na dutse. Yana da wani slab sassaka da matani shi. Biyu daga cikinsu an rubuta su a zamanin d Masar harshe, da kuma daya - a Helenanci. Last rubutu da sauri deciphered da masana ilimin harsuna, dauke da umarni game da 196 BC, kuma ka tsarkake dukkan isa yabo na sarki Talomi.

Amma kafin zuwan na farantin masana kimiyya ya ba baya ci karo da Masar harshe, da kuma ta dikodi mai tsunduma dama masana. Sai ya juya daga cewa biyu inscriptions a cikin dutse, rubũtacce tare da hieroglyphs da cursive dauke da m a ma'ana da kashi na farko na rubutu.

Da asiri na zamanin d Masar harshe a kan Rosetta dutse yin la'akari fiye da ton ya zama mai iko nasara a deciphering da sakonni, sanya a zamanin da. Archaeological binciken na XIX karni aka bai wa key zuwa binciken na zamanin d adabi da kuma Faransa masanin kimiyya Shampol ko da ya wallafa kamus na zamanin d Masar harshe, wanda ya rasa asirin 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce.

Abin sani ne mutane Masar pyramids?

A kasar Masar pyramids su ne mafi girma gine-gine da Monuments na mafi m wayewar na tsufa. Masana kimiyya nazarin musamman kayayyakin gargajiya ne m cewa a cikin gine-gine karya asirin ilmi cewa zai taimaka wajen bayyana babban asirin 'yan adam. Bisa ga hukuma version, da m dala, haddasa wata yawa tambayoyi, gina ta mutane. Duk da haka, masana kimiyya da dama sun nuna rashin amincewa da yi wannan ka'idar, iƙirarin cewa jahilci mutane ba su iya gina m gine-gine, dangane da tsarin da yake da manufa na zinariya sashe. Ta yaya irin wannan babban-sikelin abubuwa a wani tsoho wayewa, wanda zai iya ba da wani babban matakin da fiye da hudu shekara dubu da suka wuce?

Da masu bincike zo da m Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa Masarawa ba gina babban pyramids, amma kawai ya yi amfani da nasarorin da ba a sani ba kakanninsu, yana da wani musamman da basira. A zatonsa na babbar gine-gine da suke zuwa memorialize shugabanni - Fir'auna, dauke erroneous.

Manyan-sikelin Tsarin da wani ba a sani ba pratsivilizatsiey

Archaeological binciken na zamanin d Misira zama ba gardama hujja da cewa dala bayyana da yawa a baya m wayewa. A daya daga cikin stelae, archaeologists gano wani bakon rubutu dauke da Cheops domin mayar da mutum-mutumi na Sphinx, wanda ya sa lalacewar da ruwa sosai.

Lokacin da masana kimiyya koya cewa takwas shekara dubu, ba ruwan sama a Misira, da karamar hukumar ba da umarnin a canja wuri zuwa kantin sayar da Stele Forest, da kuma mutum-mutumi na wani winged adadi tare da wani zaki na jiki da aka sauri mayar da.

Masana sun deciphered da hieroglyphs daga alkalami na tarihi Manetho, wanda aka sanya wa tara da tarihi mai girma a jihar. A da shi ya bayyana cewa fiye da dubu 10 da suka wuce a wurin da Ancient Misira, babban abũbuwan rayu. Kuma zamani masana kimiyya tunani na yanci FC - mafi m wayewa daga mutãne.

Bayan nazarin pyramids na Cheops shi gano cewa ta sosai mayar da hankali a kusurwoyi huɗu na duniya, kuma duk da haka irin wannan mai girma daidaito ba za a iya cimma ba tare da musamman kayan aikin ko da a cikin zamani duniya.

Mene ne Dalilin da pyramids?

M gine-gine Monuments - wannan ba kawai kaburbura na Fir'auna. Egyptologists, shi dai itace da nada da pyramids, sun gane su tsoho kalandar a kan wanda ya kirga duration na shekara. Sun kasance sũ ne cikakken wani sarari suKe kamfas kuma daidai geodetic kayan aiki - theodolite hidima ga topographical bincike. Halittun da wasu sama da hankali, shi ne mangaza na wani tsoho tsarin na kaya masu nauyi da kuma matakan da, kazalika da hemispheric model hade da tsarawa daga longitude da latitud.

Muhimmanci archaeological binciken a Misira taso kimiyya duniya, wanda da wuya a gane kasancewar wani sosai pratsivilizatsii, yana da mafi m fasaha da kuma mafi iya aiki. Saboda haka, archeologists sun zo haxu akan cewa, mazaunan tsoho jihar bai halitta dala, da kuma kawai mayar da su.

Da bude daga Rasha masana kimiyya

An yi imani da cewa tsoho wayewa aka haife shi a Bagadaza - da yankin zo daidai da ƙasa na zamani Iraki. A kasar, ya rubuta Herodotus, kuma daga baya tare da Labarun Littafi Mai Tsarki na gonar Aidan, da Hasumiyar Babel da gudummawar da zargin sha'awa a cikin ƙasashen yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

Rasha masana kimiyya suka yi farin ciki archaeological binciken Mesofotamiya samu Jihar Prize na Rasha a fannin kimiyya da fasaha. Dole ne in ce cewa binciken da muhimmanci Monuments Mesofotamiya fara a cikin XIX karni, a lokacin da Faransa da kuma Birtaniya archaeologists gano a duk duniya manyan gidãje pozdneassiriyskogo mulki da musamman Bas-reliefs depicting scenes na farauta, yãƙi, sadaukarwa ayyukan.

Daga baya, masana Mun saukar da wani a baya Layer na tarihi, wanda yana da nasaba da Sumerian wayewa, abin da ya bayyana tare da duk halayen sosai raya al'adu.

A rami na Haikalin

Rasha kwararru sun yi aiki a cikin zamanin d daba cibiyar - Ka faɗa Hazna. yara kaburbura aka samu a kasko cike, wata babbar necropolis, wanda ya bayyana a cikin IV karni BC, granaries da addini gine-gine. Ancient Monument ne musamman, kamar yadda akwai zancen gidajensu.

Gaskiyar cewa wannan Haikali, bisa ga latest archaeological binciken. Alal misali, masana kimiyya sun gano wani tsarin cike da toka a kasa na wanda karya ragowar yara kaburbura. Da Wuri Mai Tsarki na bauta da aka samu a lãka tebur domin hadayu.

Bayan da bazawa na Finds ra'ayi game da rawar da Syria a yankin canja da cika fuska. Idan ka a baya ya yi magana game da shi a matsayin lardi na zamanin d Eastern duniya, shi ya zama yanzu bayyana a fili cewa wannan shi ne wani yanki na babban al'adu nasara, kuma mu archaeologists sun gudummawar da sanin asalin al'adun.

Masana kimiyya da hannu a cikin binciken na tarihi Monuments, sun nuna cewa, har zuwa mu a duniya akwai lokatan wayewar cewa sun kai wani babban mataki ne na fasaha ci gaba. Mene ne dalilin da na bacewar, da archaeologists sun undecided, kuma wanda ya san yadda dogon shi zai dauki ƙarni, har da mutãne za su sami amsoshin su tambaya.