Babban tanker a duniya. Mafi yawan man fetur a duniya

Tanker yana da nauyin nauyin kaya na musamman wanda za a iya dacewa da hanyoyi biyu da kogi. Ana tsara sufuri na ruwa don sufuri na kaya mai yawa. Mafi girma a cikin jerinta shine nauyin kwari na teku, wanda aka yi amfani dashi ba kawai domin samar da man fetur ba, har ma don ajiya.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan mashawarta

Mafi girma a cikin kullun duniya ya fito daga slipways a 1976. Aikin mai kirkirarsa shine kamfanin Royal Dutch Shell, kuma ana kiran jirgin ne Batillus. An kashe kimanin miliyoyin karfe na azurfa don gina motar ruwa da kimanin dala miliyan 130. A shekara ta 1973 akwai matsalar tattalin arzikin duniya, wanda sakamakon hakan ya karu sosai. Wannan ya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a fataucin sufuri. Kamfanin-mahalicci na tanker yana da niyyar dakatar da ginin jirgin ruwa, amma kwangilar ya sanya hannu a shekaru biyu kafin fara aikin, bai yarda da hakan ba. Rushewar yarjejeniya ta yi alkawarin karuwar farashi. A halin yanzu, kawai gasa jirgin ruwa - babbar jirgin a duniya, da jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur buga Nevis.

Hanyoyin fasaha na jirgin Batillus

Nan da nan bayan kammala aikin, jirgi ya yi kawai kuɗin da ya rage: shi ne kawai ya ɗauki jiragen sama 5 a cikin shekarar. Tun 1982, hawa na ruwa ba shi da lalacewa fiye da lokacin jinkiri, maimakon amfani da manufar da aka nufa. A shekara ta 1982, maigidan ya yanke shawarar sayar da shi don sayen karfe a farashin $ 8 miliyan. Tsarin tanker ya hada da tankuna 40 na nau'in masu zaman kansu, wanda yawanta zai iya zama mita 677.3,000. Mun gode wa shingen da ake ciki, ana iya amfani da jirgin ruwa don daukar nauyin samfurori iri iri a lokaci guda. Wannan aikin ya rage hadarin gaggawa da kuma yiwuwar gurɓataccen ruwa. Ana amfani da man fetur a cikin mafi yawan tanker a cikin duniya da aka yi ta famfo hudu, wanda nauyinsa kusan kimanin mita 24,000 ne a kowace awa. Gwargwadon jirgi na tsawon tsawon mita 414, kuma nauyin mota (wato, duk nauyin kaya) ya dace da 550,000 ton. A iyakar gudu kada wuce 16 kullin da jirgin duration ba tare da MOTA KE SHAN MAI da resupply ya 42 days. A kan tsaftace tsarin samar da wutar lantarki gine-ginen wutar lantarki ya kashe 330 ton na man fetur kowace rana.

Canjin Canji

Bayan Batillus pyatilopastevymi da biyu injuna da kuma 4 tururi inji mai farfela ikon 64.800 horsepower aka yi amfani a matsayin store tun 2004 da aka tarwatsa a 2010, aka maye gurbinsu buga Nevis. Domin tarihin wanzuwar Batillus ya canza yawan masu yawa, ya canza sunansa sau da dama kuma an sare shi da ƙananan ƙarfe da sunan Mont a ƙarƙashin tutar Saliyo. Na biyu mafi girma a tanker a duniya ne Knock Nevis, wanda gina, da kuma wanda ya riga ya, an kammala a 1976. Ya girma girma jirgin ya samu shekaru uku daga baya, bayan sake fasalin. A sakamakon sabuntawa, nauyin mai tanko ya kai kimanin kilomita 565. Tsawonsa ya karu zuwa mita 460. Masu jirgin jirgin 40 mutane ne. Rashin turbaya na na'urorin tanker din suna iya sauri har zuwa 13 knots saboda godiya ga iyalan dakaru dubu 50.

Seawise Giant, ko tarihin jirgi Kusa Nevis

Mafi yawan man fetur a duniya, wanda aka gina a cikin karni na XX, ana kiransa Seawise Giant. Tsarin jirgi ya fara kafin zamanin da aka samu kwando biyu. A lokacin, musamman jirgin ruwa ba ya wanzu. Tare da shi, bisa ga masana, kawai birane masu iyo da gidaje, ofisoshin da kuma dukkanin kayan aikin da za su iya karewa, za su iya gasa, wanda masana ne kawai suka fara nazarin su. Ginin jirgin ya fara a shekarar 1976. Da farko dai, ya kamata a yi amfani da kisa ga 480000 tonnes, amma bayan bankruptcy na farko owner Tycoon Tung yanke shawarar ƙara yawan damar aiki zuwa 564763 ton. A jirgin da aka kaddamar a 1981 da kuma ta main nufi shi ne su safarar da danyen mai daga filayen a cikin Gulf of Mexico. Daga baya, jirgin ya kawo man fetur daga Iran. A lokacin daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa ya ambaliya a cikin Gulf Persian.

Renaissance Magic

Mafi yawan man fetur a duniya, mai suna Seawise Giant, ya tashi ne daga bakin teku a kusa da Harg Island a shekara ta 1988 ta hanyar Keppel Shipyard. Sabuwar mai mallakar tanker shi ne kamfanin Norman International, wanda ya kashe nauyin kilo mita 3,700 domin sake gina jirgin. Gidan da aka sake dawo da shi ya sake canza mai shi kuma ya zama sanannun Jahre Viking. A cikin watan Maris na 2004, an ba da damar haƙƙin haƙƙin mallaka zuwa First Olsen Tankers, wanda, saboda yawancinta, ya sake mayar da shi zuwa FSO, wani tasiri mai tasowa da aka yi amfani dashi kawai domin cikawa da adana kayan hakar gine-gine a cikin jirgi na Dubai. Bayan da aka sake sake ginawa, mai tanƙwasa ya sami sunan Knock Nevis, wanda aka sani da shi shi ne mai tanadar sararin samaniya a duniya. Bayan sunaye na karshe, jirgin ruwan na FSO ya kwarara zuwa ruwan Qatar a filin Al Hashin.

Kwange matakan tanker na Nevis

An kira mafi yawan masu tanka a duniya da ake kira Knock Nevis. Ya zama nau'i na kimiyyar kimiyya da fasaha. A cikin tsari na zane, an yi amfani da tsarin saɓo na tsawon lokaci, kuma dukkanin abubuwa masu rarraba sun kasance a matsanancin hali. Ya kasance a lokacin taro na tankuna cewa an yi amfani da waldi na lantarki da farko. A lokuta daban-daban na wanzuwarsa, an san tanker din Jahre Viking da Gida mai Giant, Seawise Giant da Knock Nevis. Tsawonsa tsawon mita 458.45. Domin cikakken jirgin ruwa yana buƙatar sararin samaniya na kilomita 2 da taimako daga tugboats. Girman hawa mai zurfin hawa na ruwa yana da mita 68.8, wanda ya dace da nisa daga filin kwallon kafa. Gidan jirgin sama na sama zai iya sauke wurare 5.5. An janye tanker din daga jirgi a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2010, tun daga lokacin ba shi da mawaki mai cancanta ba, amma har ma analog.

Mafi mashakin LNG a duniya

Mafi yawan LNG tanker shi ne jirgin da ake kira Mozam, wanda aka ba shi abokin ciniki a shekarar 2008. A lokacin gina, an yi amfani da mawallafin Samsung don Qatar Gas Transport Company. Domin uku shekarun da suka gabata, LNG motocin dakon tare da damar kasa da 140.000 cubic mita liquefied gas. Mozambique babban gwanin ya karya dukkanin rubuce-rubucen da zai iya samun mita 266,000. Wannan jujjuya ya isa ya samar a cikin yini tare da zafi da wutar lantarki a ko'ina cikin Ingila. Rashin murfin jirgin ruwa ya kai 12500 ton. Tsawonsa tsawon shi ne 345, kuma fadinsa yana da mita 50. Takarda yana da mita 12. Nisa daga keel zuwa ƙwanƙasa ya dace da tsawo na 20-storey skyscraper. A jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur yi site shigarwa da aka bayar gas liquefaction, wanda minimizes da cutarwa tururi da kuma kusan gusar da hadarin wani hatsari, samar da xari bisa dari aminci daga cikin kaya. A nan gaba, an tsara shi don tsarawa da kuma kaddamar da tashoshi 14 kawai na wannan jerin.

Mafi yawan tankuna a tarihi

Babban tanker a duniya shine kasar Sin. Yayinda al'ummomi suka canza, tasoshin da aka riga sun canza, tsohon magajin kasar ya kasance.

Ƙungiyar ULCC, wadda ta wuce fiye da 500,000 dwit mark, kawai 6:

• Battilus tare da kisa na 553,662. Lokacin wanzuwar daga 1976-1985.
• Bellamya tare da mummunan kisa na 553,662, ya haɗu da fadin teku daga 1976 zuwa 1986.
• Pierre Guillaumat, wanda aka kirkira shi a shekara ta 1977 kuma an sake shi a shekarar 1983.
• Esso Atlantic tare da kisa na 516,000 kuma rayuwarsa daga 1977 zuwa 2002.
• Esso Pacific (516,000 ton). Lokacin aiki - daga 1977 zuwa 2002.
• Kyakkyawan (554,974 ton). An gina shi a shekara ta 1979, an cire shi daga jirage a shekarar 2003.