Mene ne wani dubawa? Nau'in na dubawa a na bincike kimiyya

A laifi aikace-aikace na gudanar da bincike dalĩli obtains shaidar laifi laifi, wajen gudanar da zama dole bincike, wasu daga wanda suke dauke da tambayar, jarrabawa, dubawa. Nau'in na dubawa ne quite bambancin. Duk da haka, kullum naúrar na binciken hanya ne kamar haka.

A ra'ayi na dubawa a shari'ar aikata laifi

Ra'ayi da kuma iri dubawa a forensics gano yafi a cikin filin na normative yi - Code of Civil Hanya. By dubawa a wannan reshe na dama nufi nan da nan ji bi ta wajibi kam daidai da aiwatar da dokar waje fasali da kuma halaye na abubuwa. Kamar yadda ya saba, irin abubuwa masu bincike da unhindered m.

Laifi procedural dokar shirya dubawa na articles 176-178 Code. A definition of "dubawa" da kanta nufin gani ji na abubuwa, amma a cikin shakka daga gamuwa za a iya amfani da sauran gabbanmu. Alal misali, a cikin dubawa yarjejeniya za a iya gyarawa wari da yayi nazari abu ko ta ingancin ƙaddara da touch. Yana za a iya gani da kuma wani sautin da dacewa domin dubawa.

Nau'in investigative dubawa

Nau'in investigative jarrabawa na fi na da sassa daban-daban daga juna. Bugu da ƙari, bambanci iya zama da hanyar da Hanyar mai raRaɗi. Amma babban bambanci da wanda aka raba investigative mataki, shi ne saboda da abu ko da abu a kan wanda ya duba. Nau'in na dubawa ne:

• scene.
• Takardu ko wasu abubuwa.
• Yankunan.
• Mazauninsu ko wasu gabatarwa.
• Gawawaki.

Dubawa na scene

Abin da iri dubawa iya za'ayi kawai bayan da laifi hali? Wani abu fiye da wannan. Part biyu Art. 176 Code of laifuka Hanya tabbatar da shirya da kisan da laifi scene jarrabawa. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa irin wannan dubawa ne daya daga cikin 'yan investigative ayyuka da cewa zai iya nuna kafin hali da aka yi. Wannan ne yake aikata, da farko, to kamar yadda sauri kamar yadda zai yiwu a gyara yiwu shaida, kuma abu na biyu, domin sanin yiwuwa na instituting aikace-aikace.

Ga kamata mu ambaci cewa jarrabawa na scene shafi na gani jarrabawa na ba kawai wurin da laifi kanta. Wannan jarrabawa ne ma da za'ayi a cikin sauran wurare, misali, don gane da sauran wurare da wasu ƙarin shaida, ciki har da burbushi na yin laifi, da bindigogi, ko wani abu da cewa yana da darajar. Saboda haka, a karkashin manufar "scene" na iya hada wani gabatarwa bude filin karkara da kuma kama.

Dubawa na scene yana dauke da gaggawa taron. Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne a yarda ya nuna har zuwa doka mataki. Ba sanya a lokaci dubawa ne iya tsokana a asarar burbushi da kuma shaida. Wannan qa'idar ne daban-daban daga sauran iri dubawa. Wannan shi ne, shi za a iya za'ayi kawai idan akwai yiwuwar na asarar burbushi na aikata laifi da kuma shaida. A samu irin wadannan, irin wannan hanya za ta daina yi la'akari wani laifi scene jarrabawa. Yana zai yi nazarin yankin, dakin ko gida, wanda zai yiwu a gudanar da kawai bayan imposition na binciken ƙaddarãwar wani laifi hali.

Duk da haka, akwai iri laifi scene gudanar da bincike. Saboda haka, wannan investigative mataki za a iya gudanar da hannu na wasu masana (inda dole), da kuma ba tare da su. Wannan jarrabawa a zai bambanta bisa ga hanya, a Hanyar da dabara.

dubawa yanki

A gaba da irin investigative dubawa - dubawa yankin. "Village", idan ka yi magana da manufar "fage", bukatar ba dauke da shaidar wani laifi. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan irin investigative mataki da nufin nazarin halin da ake ciki. Irin wannan dubawa na iya hada da, misali, gani dubawa na gabatarwa inda ake tuhumar rayu ko aka ake zargin na bayan ya aikata laifi. Dubawa na ƙasa ne ma yi a wasu lokuta, idan akwai wani gaggawa bukatar.

Dubawa na gabatarwa

A karkashin gidaje tsarin da aka fahimta, Apartment gidan inda mutane rayuwa. Shafi wadanda ba na zama gabatarwa ma ya kasance a cikin mazauni. Inviolability na gida da aka kafa a cikin kundin tsarin mulki, don haka da procedural dokar musamman shirya hanya domin dubawa.

Saboda haka, shi ne aka yi nufi da cewa gida dubawa kamata a da za'ayi kawai tare da amsa duk mutane rai a cikinta. Hakika, wannan shafi kawai ga iya-bodied mutane. Idan akalla mutum daya da irin wannan binciken mataki, da tilasta doka da hukumomin da ake bukata domin samun dacewa da shari'a yi authorizing ta gudanar. Wannan umurni ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dubawa an iyakance ga hakkin da tsarin mulki na jama'a.

Ga shi ya kamata a lura da cewa dubawa na gida da kuma bincike - 2 hanyoyin da cewa suna kama da juna. Duk da haka, dole ne su iya bambanta. The search, da bambanci ga rahoto na investigative mataki yana da nufi ya bayyana da boye burbushi na yin laifi, da wata shaida. Home dubawa ne kawai a waje kallo da nazarin batun, don wanda akwai sauki damar. Game da shi infringes dubawa kasa da dama su zauna a cikin wani Apartment ko gidan mutane.

dubawa abubuwa

Wani lokaci akwai abubuwa a cikin wani tafiya a gaba ga wanda wajibi ne a gudanar da bincike, musamman dubawa. Nau'in na dubawa unsa irin gani dubawa ne ba kawai abubuwa, amma kuma takardun. Duk da haka, irin wannan dubawa bazai m. Yana iya faruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauran ayyuka za'ayi da binciken. Alal misali, a lokacin sami wani search na abubuwa ko takardun ana tuhumarmu nan da nan, da kuma sakamakon da aka rubuta a cikin littafinsa, daga cikin search.

Kamar yadda binciken mataki jarrabawa na abubuwa da takardun za a iya za'ayi a cikin binciken ta ofishin. Sau da yawa, irin wannan bukatar taso, idan dubawa a wurin da shaida da aka samu ya zama da wuya (weather yanayi, matalauta Ganuwar da sauransu. N.). Kazalika da raba kashi na laifi tsari, irin wannan dubawa zai yi aiki idan abubuwa ko takardun da aka ƙaddamar da kowa (misali, a sakamakon da sako).

Manufar wannan mataki shi ne don tabbatar da makomar gwani ko wasu sauran bincike abubuwa, takardu. Shi ne dangane da wannan dokokin fa, tã da hankali ga gudanar da bincike hukumomi a cikin tsari na shan wadannan abubuwa, da suka bi ta daidai marufi da kuma ganewa. A fayyace daga wadannan matakai m. Kuskuren kãma ko cushe tabbatar da ɓangaren mai laifi ne sauki juya a cikin ni'ima, inda ya bayyana cewa batun kwayoyin halitta kafin kotun ba wanda aka cire.

jarrabawa na gawa

Nau'in Binciken dubawa a forensics kuma hada da irin wannan m effects, kamar dubawa na marigayin mutum. Kamar baya investigative mataki, jarrabawa na gawa na iya zama duka m da kuma tafi, ta hanyar wani tsari za'ayi da binciken. Alal misali, idan jiki samu a wurin, ya jarrabawa da ake yi a nan. A sakamakon haka ne aka rubuta a cikin rahoton na binciken wani scene. A waɗannan lokuta, lokacin da jiki, misali, sun riga dauke daga scene kafin isowa na aiki-investigative kungiyar, da jarrabawa ne da za'ayi a matsayin mai zaman kanta investigative mataki, misali, a cikin asibitin. Har ila yau, shi zai zama m lokacin da exhumation ko ta hanyar ganowa sauran hanyoyin za'ayi da binciken hukumomi.

Wannan irin dubawa shafi da dama ƙarin bukatun cewa ware shi daga sauran. A dauke da fitar da investigative mataki tare da wata gawa dole samu halartar masana a cikin kiwon lafiya filin, da kuma a cikin matsanancin, wani likita. A dubawa dole ne a tare da ba kawai shan hotuna, amma kuma fingerprinting (fingerprinting), idan an san ko su wanene gawar.

A jarrabawa na gawa kuma zai yiwu na musamman ba} in awo ne ta exhumation. Wannan hanya ya shafi cire gawa daga kabari, kuma zai zama yarda da wannan iyali. A kwarai lokuta, in babu irin wannan amsa, a yanke shawara a kan aikace-aikace na wannan ma'auni tafii da kotu.

jarrabawa

Wasu masu sharhi yi imani da dokokin da cewa jarrabawa na zaune mutane ne kuma mai yawon shakatawa. Zai yiwu haka, amma yana da matukar takamaiman investigative mataki. Ba abin mamaki ba an kasaftawa a raba dokokin. Saboda wannan ya kamata jarrabawa domin tantance m gudanar da bincike. Ya kamata ne kawai a lura da cewa iri investigative likita jarrabawa, wanda yake shi ne dubawa, shi ne ma sosai bambancin.

ƙarshe

Saboda haka, kusan a kowace investigative mataki, a sakamakon waxanda suke da shaida ba kawai na bukatar cewa kana da kyau da kuma daidai da dokokin na dubawa da za'ayi. Nau'in na dubawa, wadda ya kamata a da za'ayi a cikin wani batu, an kayyade ta laifi procedural dokokin. Binciken hukumomi suna zamar masa dole ya tsayar da samar da wadannan ayyuka dukan bukatun kafa dokar. In ba haka ba akwai hadarin da cewa irin wannan shaida inadmissible.