Bahar Black: mazaunan zurfin. Hotuna da bayanin

Wane ne ba a kalla sau ɗaya a bakin Tekun Bahar Ruwa ba, ba ya nutsewa a cikin raƙuman ruwa mai zurfi ba, bai ɗora a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙarƙashin hasken rana ko kaka ba, ya yi hasara mai yawa! A dumi kamar yadda sabo ne madara, ruwa, ba shakka, mu mazaunan Black Sea sun hadu sau da dama: da haɗari, kuma ba sosai. Game da wanda yake zaune a cikin ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren teku na duniya, karanta a cikin labarinmu.

Bambancin yanayi

Kogin Black Sea, duka a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma yanayin gyarawar halittu masu rai da kuma ciyayi, yana da mahimmanci kuma mai mahimmanci. An rarraba cikin zurfin cikin sassa daban-daban. Zuwa zurfin 150, wani lokacin mita 200, akwai yankin oxygen, inda mazauna bakin teku suke rayuwa. Duk wani abu a ƙasa da mita 200 shi ne yankin hydrogen sulfide ba tare da rayuwa ba kuma yana da fiye da 85% na ruwa. Saboda haka rayuwa yana yiwuwa ne kawai inda akwai oxygen (kasa da 15% na ƙasar).

Wa yake zaune a nan?

Mutanen mazaunan Black Sea suna algae da dabbobi. Na farko - da yawa nau'in nau'in, na biyu - fiye da dubu biyu da rabi. Daga cikin wadannan, 500 basu da lahani, 1900 suna cikin invertebrates, 185 su ne kifi, 4 kuma dabbobi ne.

Phytoplankton

Black Sea ... Mutanenta - kowane irin algae: ceratsium, peridinium, excuvilla da sauransu. A farkon farkon bazara, ana lura da tsinkayen algae. Wani lokaci ko da ruwa yana iya canza launi, ta kasance daga turquoise da launin ruwan kasa. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙaddamar da shiri na plankton (furancin ruwa). Rhizosolenia, hetoceros, da kuma skletonoma ninka sosai. Yayin da aka haifar da taro na phytoplankton zuwa farkon da tsakiyar lokacin rani. Daga cikin algae mai tushe, ana iya lura da phyllophora, wanda shine fiye da kashi 90 cikin 100 na duka taro. Phyllophora na kowa a arewacin yamma. Cystoseira, wani algae, ya fi kowa kusa da kudancin kudancin yankin Crimean. Akwai mai yawa fry, ciyar da rayuwa a tsakanin algae (fiye da 30 nau'o'in kifi).

Benthic dabbobi

Daga cikin dabbobin da suke zaune a ƙasa ko a kasa na gabar tekun (benthos) - daban-daban invertebrates: crayfish da crayfish, tsutsotsi, rhizomes, alamar anemones da mollusks. Benthos sun hada da gastropods, alal misali, dukan sanannun rapana, da sauran mazaunan Black Sea. Jerin iya tafi: mussels, scallops, clams - elasmobranch. Kifi: zurfin, haskoki, teku dragon, Ruff da sauransu. Suna samar da wata kariya. Kuma guda sarkar abinci.

Jellyfish

Mazaunan da ke zaune a cikin Bahar Maliya suna jellyfish, babba da ƙananan. Kwango ne babban jellyfish, wanda ya saba. Girman dome wani lokaci kai rabin mita. Kwan zuma yana da guba, zai iya haifar da raunin da ya faru kamar konewa. Suna sa m redness, kona, wani lokacin - blisters. Wannan wannan babban jellyfish tare da dan kadan purple dome ba sting, yana da Dole a dauki hannunta zuwa ga gefen, rike saman kuma ba m da tentacles.

Aurelia shine karamin jellyfish na Black Sea. Ita ba ta zama guba kamar dan uwanta ba, amma har yanzu za ta kauce masa.

Shellfish

Sea masu zaune a cikin Bahar Maliya suna da tsalle-tsalle, tsutturai, suma, da rapans. Dukan waɗannan kayan daɗin daɗin abinci ne masu cin nama kuma suna wakiltar kayan kayan abinci mai dadi. Alal misali, ana yanka bakan da kuma mussels musamman. Oysters suna da ƙarfin zuciya kuma suna iya yin ba tare da ruwa ba har kusan makonni biyu. Za su iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30. Naman abincinsu yana da kyau.

Mussels ba su da tsabta. Wani lokaci a cikin babban harsashi sami lu'u-lu'u, yawanci launin launi. Mussels su ne ruwan sha na ruwa. A lokaci guda, duk abin da aka tara a cikinsu wanda aka cire shi. Sabili da haka, ana iya cin su tare da yin aiki mai kyau, kuma yafi kyau don kauce wa cin abinci wanda ke girma a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa ko wasu wurare da ruwa mai ƙazanta.

Sea masu zaune a cikin Black Sea ne scallops. Wannan mallusc na musamman zai iya motsa cikin ruwa, ta yin amfani da karfi mai karfi. Nan da nan ya gaggauta jigilar gilashi kuma ana ɗauke shi da wani ruwa mai zurfi fiye da mita. Kuma gabbai suna da idanu marasa amfani. Amma duk wannan, wannan mollusc makãho ne! Wadannan su ne masu ban mamaki a cikin teku.

A cikin Black Sea an samo da kuma rapa. Wannan mollusc ne mai mahimmanci, kuma ganima shi ne irin mussels da oysters. Amma yana da nama mai dadi sosai, wanda yake da maƙarƙashiya, wanda daga bisani kuke samun babban miya.

Crabs

A cikin duka akwai nau'in sha takwas a cikin ruwa. Dukansu ba su isa manyan masu girma ba. Mafi girma shi ne ja. Amma ba shi da kimanin 20 centimeters a diamita.

Kifi

A cikin Bahar Black, akwai kimanin nau'in nau'i nau'i 180 na kifi iri iri, ciki har da: sturgeon, beluga, anchovy, herring, tulka, horse mackerel, tuna, flounder, goby. Babu shakka yana kifi kifi kifi. Akwai doki na teku, da allurar kifi, da zakara, da teku.

Daga kifi - cinye, wanda yake da yawa kamar nau'i uku, dauke da ash, wanda aka shigo daga tekun Japan kuma ya zama abu na kama kifi. Dangane da gurɓataccen ruwa mai guba, yawancin manya ya ragu.

Daga cikin na asali kofe - stargazer kifi ko teku saniya. Tana ta shiga cikin silt a zurfi, don haka a kan fuskar ta fallasa wani nau'in mahaukaci, wanda yayi kama da bayyanar tsutsa. Karnar daji na daɗa kifi da kuma ciyar da su.

Rigun ruwan teku da doki ba su shiga cikin ruwa, amma a cikin fata yana kan gaba a kan mazajensu, inda yake tsaye har zuwa ƙarshen fry. Abin sha'awa ne cewa idanun wadannan kifaye na iya dubawa a wurare daban daban kuma juya juyi na mutunta juna.

Ana rarraba Stavrida cikin kogin bakin teku na teku. Tsawonsa shine 10-15 centimeters. Weight - har zuwa 75 grams. Wani lokaci yakan rayu har shekaru uku. Yana ciyar da kananan fishes da zooplankton.

Pelamida dangi ne na mackerel. Ya kai tsawon tsawon zuwa 75 centimeters, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10. Wannan kifaye mai tasowa, ciyarwa da kuma fadi a cikin Black Sea, domin hunturu ya fita ta Bosporus.

Kashi 10 suna wakiltar su. Mafi girma shine martovik, ko yadudduka. Mafi yawan gaske itace katako mai zagaye.

Zelenushek a cikin teku - 8 nau'in. Suna ciyar da tsutsotsi da molluscs. A lokacin yakin, ana gina gine-gine tsakanin duwatsu.

Flounder-kalkan ma yana faruwa a cikin Black Sea ko'ina. Ta ci kifaye da ƙuda. Ya kai nauyi na kilogram 12. Akwai wasu nau'o'in jirgin ruwa.

Scuttail ne dangi na shark. Ya ci yatsun nama, shuki, shrimp. Yana da wutsiya da allurar gilashi, wanda aka sanya shi da gland. Rigata ga mutum yana da zafi sosai, wani lokacin har ma m.

Magana, ko grouper, sau da yawa ya zo a cikin bazara da kuma bazara, lokacin da ziyartar wadannan ruwayen for spawning. Yana ciyarwa a kan zooplankton. Nauyin perch ya kai kusan 100 grams. An dauke shi daya daga cikin manyan nau'o'in samar da mai masauki mai son.

Sargan - kifi fiye da rabin mita, siffar arrow, tare da elongated baki. Spawns a watan Mayu - Agusta. Migrates da hibernates a cikin Tekun Marmara.

Luffar tana nufin ba'a da garke kifaye. Ya auna har zuwa kilo 10, ya kai mita a tsawon. Jiki na kifi daga tarnaƙi oblong. Ƙara babban, tare da manyan jaws. Abincin kawai akan kifaye. A baya an dauke shi kasuwanci.

Sharks

Catran (ko kare kare teku) yana da girma har zuwa mita biyu. A cat ta shark (scillium) - fiye da mita. Wadannan jinsuna biyu na sharks, waɗanda aka samo a cikin Bahar Black, ba su wakiltar kowane haɗari ga mutane ba. Amma ga nau'o'in kifaye da yawa, waɗannan su ne masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Abincin nama (da hanta da ƙafa) ana amfani da su don shirya nau'i daban-daban na abinci na Black Sea. Daga hanta katrana yin maganin da ke kariya akan haifar da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji.

Katran yana da jiki mai ladabi, bakin ciki da hakora mai hakowa, an shirya su a layuka da yawa. An rufe jikinsa da ƙananan, amma ƙayayuwa mai ƙayatarwa (saboda haka sunan lakabi - prickly shark). Katran wani kifi ne mai ban sha'awa. Mace ta samar da haske a wani lokaci har zuwa kananan ƙananan 15. Tsayawa da ciyar da garken Katan. Spring da kaka - kusa da tudu, a cikin hunturu - a zurfin.

Mazaunan Bahar Black - dabbar dolphin (ƙwallon ƙafa)

A duka akwai nau'i uku a cikin wadannan ruwaye. Mafi girma shine dolphins. Ƙananan kasa - blondochki. Mafi karami shine aladu na ruwa, ko Azov.

Afalina shine mafi yawan mazaunan dolphinariums. Ga kimiyya, wannan jinsin yana da muhimmancin gaske. Wannan shi ne kafar dabbar da aka yi a cikin kwalban da masana kimiyya a duniya ke nazari don kasancewar dalili. An haife su ne masu wasan kwaikwayo. Masu amphibians suna jin dadin yin wasu hanyoyi. Da alama suna da hankali. Wannan ba ma horarwa bane, amma wani irin hadin kai da fahimtar tsakanin dabban da mutum. Afalines fahimci kawai matsawa da karfafawa. Ba a san azaba ba, to, wani mai koyarwa ya daina zama a gare su.

Afalina har zuwa shekaru 30. Yawancin lokaci yana kai kilo 300. Tsawon jiki shine har zuwa mita biyu da rabi. Wadannan dabbar dolphin sun dace da yanayin yanayi. Ganaran gabas suna aiki a matsayin motar motar motsawa don juyawa da ƙuntatawa a lokaci guda. Caudal - iko propeller, kyale su ci gaba mai kyau gudun (a kan 60 km / h).

Abulines suna da gani sosai da ji. Suna cin kifi da kifi (suna ci har kilo 25 a kowace rana). Zasu iya riƙe numfashin su fiye da minti 10. Ruwa zuwa zurfin mita 200. Jiki jiki yana da digiri 36.6, kamar yadda a cikin mutane. Kwanan tsuntsaye masu zafi, suna fitowa daga waje, iska. Suna da lafiya tare da irin wannan cututtuka kamar mutane. Kusan tsuntsaye masu launin mita rabin mita daga farfajiyar, a karkashin ruwa, suna buɗe idanun lokaci.

Hanyar rayuwa ta tsuntsaye ne garke da iyali (har zuwa ƙarnin goma). Shugaban iyali shine mace. Ma'aurata suna da tsaka-tsakin iyali, suna nuna sha'awar mata ba kawai a yayin da ake yin bazara ba.

Dabbobi suna da iko sosai. Amma a matsayin mai mulkin, ba'a amfani dashi ga mutum ba. Tare da mutane, tsuntsaye suna kula da dangantakar abokantaka, kamar dai tare da 'yan'uwa a cikin tunani. A tsawon tarihin dangantakar dake tsakanin mutum da dolphin, babu wata ƙoƙarin da za a yi wa "babban ɗan'uwa" laifi. Amma yawancin mutane sukan saba wa haƙƙin dabbar dolphin, suna yin gwaje-gwajen akan su, su tsare su a cikin dolphinarium.

Mai yawa an rubuta game da harshen tsuntsaye. Ba za mu ce, kamar wasu malaman ba, cewa yana da wadata fiye da maganganun mutum. Duk da haka, yana ƙunshe da babbar murya da motsa jiki, wanda ke ba ka damar yin magana akan wasu nau'i na dolphin. Kuma adadin bayanin da zasu iya watsawa, da kuma babban kwakwalwa (fiye da kwakwalwa) - ga wannan shaida mai zurfi.

Ya kasance don ƙara cewa alamar an samo shi a cikin mahaifa a kan Bahar Black, amma kwanan nan an sami kadan daga cikinsu saboda ayyukan cutarwa na mutum.

A kan ƙasa

Ba wai kawai mazaunin teku da 'yan adam suna cin abinci akan abincin teku ba. Wasu nau'in tsuntsaye dake zaune a kasa suna samar da nasu abinci a ruwa. Mazaunan ƙasar, wadanda suke samar da abinci a teku su ne gulls da cormorants. Suna ciyar da kifaye. Cormorant, alal misali, zai iya yin iyo sosai da sauri, cin kifi mai yawa, koda lokacin da ya cika. Fasali na pharynx ba ka damar haɗiye wani ganima mai yawa. Saboda haka, tsuntsaye - babban mazaunan ƙasar, samar da abinci a cikin tẽku Black Sea Coast na Caucasus da kuma Crimea.

Bahar Black: masu haɗari mazaunan

Ba duk masu hayar hutu da masu yawon bude ido da suke zuwa bakin tekun Black Coast sun san cewa mutane suna nutsewa a cikin ruwa na iya zama cikin haɗari. Suna danganta ba kawai tare da gargaɗin hadari da kuma tashe-tashen hankula ba, har ma da wasu wakilan marine fauna.

Scorpion, ko bakin teku, yana nufin abubuwan da ba su da ban sha'awa. Dukan kawunansu suna tare da ƙayayuwa, da kuma ta baya - mummunar lalacewar lalacewa. Ba a da shawarar yin kunama ba, tun da tsire-tsire masu guba ne kuma suna kawo mai kyau, albeit takaice, jin dadi.

Hoto (cat cattail) wani haɗari ne, wani lokacin har ma da kisa ga mutane. A kan wutsiyar dabba shine ƙuƙasaccen ƙashi, wanda aka lalata da ƙuƙwara mai guba. Wannan karu da ƙuƙwalwa yana shawo kan lacerations na karshe. Har ila yau, daga mummunan rauni, ciyawa, ƙwayar tsoka, da kuma zuciya ta karu. Wani lokaci mutuwa ta zo, sai ka yi hankali.

Wani kuma, wanda ba shi da mahimmanci, kifin - dragon na teku - yana da haɗari ga mutane mafi yawa. Da farko kallo, za ka iya ɗaukar shi a matsayin kima. Amma a bayan wannan kifaye yana da lahani, mai guba sosai. Wani abu ne kawai ya zama kamar ciwo mai maciji. A wasu lokuta, sakamako na mutuwa zai yiwu.

Jellyfish rooters da aurelia zaune a cikin Black Sea su ne mazaunin mazauna mazaunan. An sanye su da tsattsauran nau'i. Zai yiwu yiwuwar ƙone (kamar daga ƙwayayyu da karfi), barin alamu na dama da yawa. Saboda haka ya fi kyau kada ku taɓa jellyfish - har ma da matattu, da ruwan sama ya jefa a kan shingle.

Babu shark, ko wasu nau'o'in dabbobi da kifaye suna da haɗari ga mutane a cikin ruwan kogin Black Sea. Don haka yi wanka da ƙarfi, zuwa ga shahararrun masaukin baki na Black Sea na Crimea da Caucasus, suna lura, ba shakka, kulawa mai kyau!