Biome - menene wannan?

Rarraba kunsa a duniya, masana kimiyya sun yi kokari na dogon lokaci. Amma saboda babbar dama bezrangovsti da na halitta kunsa su rarraba kowane kududdufi da rairayi tare da yanayin kasa, shi ne ba zai yiwu. Muhalli, an yanke shawarar zuwa rarraba da hade da mahara kunsa - biomes.

Biome - menene wannan?

Mun ji mai yawa game da daban-daban biomes, fãce kaɗan daga gare mu shi ne yadda a daidai halin da kalma. A wani janar ji, biome - wani babban nazarin halittu tsarin da ta sauyin yanayi. Wannan tsarin shi ne halin da rinjaye shuka iri a cikin shi, ko wuri mai faɗi. Akwai definition matsayin terrariums biomes. Wannan yana nufin wani ma'adanai, katako, da dabbobi suna samar a cikin ƙasa. Alal misali, biome na deciduous gandun daji - mamaye deciduous itatuwa. Ko naman kaza biome - yankin tare da wani damp sauyin yanayi dace da rayuwa daban-daban jinsunan na fungi da su spores. Idan muka matsa daga arewa zuwa ekweita, za ka iya ganin dukan manyan biomes.

Yadda yawa babbar biome?

Abin da ya mamaye biomes da kuma abin da yake da lamba? Ecologists sun gano tara manyan biomes a kan ƙasar. Da farko biome - shi ne tundra, na biyu - da taiga. Next biome na deciduous gandun daji a cikin temperate sauyin yanayi zone, biome steppe chaparol (Rum Flora), hamada, na wurare masu zafi savanna, ƙayayuwa (na wurare masu zafi) gandun daji, da kuma na tara biome - a wurare masu zafi Rainforest. Kowace daya ne musamman a sauyin yanayi, ciyayi da kuma fauna. Raba, goma sakin layi iya rarrabe madawwami kankara - hunturu biome.

Tundra da Taiga

Tundra - a biome tare Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana. Yana bautarka mafi arewacin Eurasia da kuma Arewacin Amirka. Dake tsakanin kudancin gandun daji da kuma na iyakacin duniya kankara iyakoki. The m tafi daga kankara tundra, da treeless yanki zama m. Yanayi na rayuwa a kan tundra matsananci, amma duk da wannan, akwai raye mai girma iri-iri na dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. Tundra ne musamman da kyau a bazara kakar. An rufe tare da farin ciki Layer na kore, shi ne mai Haven ga migratory tsuntsaye da dabbobi. Dalili na shuka duniya - a lichen, gansakuka. Rare tsumburai woody shuke-shuke. Babban mazauni na tundra - reindeer. Mutane da yawa sun Foxes, hares da voles. Wani mazaunin - a lemming. Wannan kananan halitta ya jawo babbar illa a cikin tundra. Wadannan dabbobi ci babbar adadin ya aikata ba m tundra ciyayi, wanda ba zai iya mai da sauri. Saboda rashin abinci shafi dukan dabba mulkin biome.

Taiga - coniferous biome (arewacin) gandun daji. Dake arewacin yammancin duniya, yana daukan kamar goma sha bisa dari na jimlar ƙasar. Kusan rabin na ƙasa ne shagaltar da larch, wasu itatuwa - shi ne Pine, spruce, fir. Akwai 'yan da katako - Birch kuma alder. Babban dabbobi - Elk da deer (daga herbivores), ya fi girma da yara: Wolves, Lynx, marten, mink, Sable da wolverine. A babbar dama kuma iri-iri hakori - daga voles zuwa mole. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa rayuwa a nan viviparous, wannan shi ne saboda a takaice a lokacin rani, ga wanda babu wani yiwuwar don zafi da kama. Hakazalika zuwa babban occupants taiga da dangantaka Partridge.

Masu raunin juriya gandun daji da kuma steppe

Masu raunin juriya gandun daji suna located in wani dadi yankin tare da temperate sauyin yanayi. Wannan shi ne yafi gabas na USA, ta Tsakiya da Turai da kuma wani ɓangare na Asia. A nan, wani isasshen adadin danshi, matsananci sanyi winters da kuma dogon dumi lokacin bazaar. Babban itatuwan biome - deciduous: ash, itacen oak, Beech, Linden, kuma Maple. Sadu da conifers - spruce, Pine da redwood. Akwai da kyau-ɓullo da Flora da fauna. A iri-iri da yara ne daji Cats, Wolves, Foxes. A manyan yawan bears da barewa, badgers, hakori da tsuntsãye.

Steppe. Dalili na wannan biome ne prairies na Arewacin Amirka da kuma nahiyar Asiya steppe. Babu ake buƙata adadin hazo, wanda zai zama isa ga ci gaban da itatuwa, amma isa ya ba bari form Hamada. A cikin matakan North America, mai girma iri-iri na herbaceous shuke-shuke da ciyawa. Akwai low-girma (har zuwa rabin), gauraye na ganye (har zuwa shida mita) da kuma tsayi (da kai shuka a tsawo na mita uku). Altai Mountains Asian matakan kasu kashi gabashin da kuma yammacin. Waɗannan ƙasashe ne mai arziki a cikin humus har abada shuka hatsi, kuma da m sarari saba for ciyawa makiyaya. All zata tsage-hoofed dabbobi masu shayarwa sun dade da aka kiwo a gida. Kuma daji mazaunan matakan - coyotes, diloli da hyenas sun saba da rayuwa cikin lumana a cikin unguwa da mutane.

Chaparol da kuma hamada

Rum ciyayi sun shagaltar da yankin da Bahar Rum. Yana da matukar zafi, bushe lokacin bazaar, kuma sanyi winters tare da high zafi. Babban shuka a nan - shi ke da bushes tare da ƙayayuwa, tare da wani arziki ƙanshi da ciyawa, shuke-shuke da lokacin farin ciki m ganye. Bishiyoyi ba zai iya girma kullum saboda yanayin damina. Chaporol shahara ga yawan macizai da kadangaru samu a nan. Akwai Wolves, barewa, bobcats, cougars, zomaye, kuma, ba shakka, kangaroos (a cikin Australia). M gobara hana mamayewa na jeji, mai kyau sakamako a kan ƙasa (koma zuwa ƙasar da na gina jiki), wanda shi ne mai kyau ga ci gaban da ciyawa da kuma shrubs.

A hamada miƙa dũkiyõyinsu zuwa ga daya bisa uku na jimlar ƙasar yankin. Yana bautarka da m ƙasashe na duniya, inda shekara-shekara hazo da dama a kasa da ɗari biyu da hamsin millimeters. Duk wani zafi hamada (Sahara Atacama Asuan et al.), Kuma akwai hamadar inda hunturu da iska zazzabi saukad da zuwa debe ashirin digiri. Wannan ne Gobi hamada. Hankula ga hamada Sands, danda duwatsu, duwatsu. Ciyayi ne sparse, yanayi, mafi yawa cacti kuma spurge. A fauna kunshi kananan halittu da za su iya boye a karkashin kankara daga rana. Daga cikin manyan jinsunan raƙumi zaune kawai a nan.

wurare masu zafi biomes

Savannah - wannan shi ne mai babbar yanki da lokacin farin ciki da ciyawa da kuma rare itatuwa kadai. A kasar gona a nan shi ne quite sparse, mamaye tsayi da ciyawa da kuma milkweed da itatuwa - BAOBAB da kuma itacen ƙirya. A savannas sanaki manyan garkunan zata tsage-hoofed dabbobi: zebras, wildebeests da bareyi. Irin wannan yawan herbivorous ba a sami sauran wurare. A yawa na herbivores da aka yawan yara. Yana gida cheetahs, zakuna, hyenas, damisa.

Ƙayayuwa Woodlands dake a cikin ta Kudu da kuma Kudu-West Africa. Akwai rare deciduous itatuwa, m ƙayayuwa sarƙaƙƙiya.

Rainforests ake samu a kudancin Amirka, West Africa, Madagascar. Constant high zafi na inganta ci gaban da lokacin farin ciki da babbar shuke-shuke. Wadannan gandun daji isa saba'in da biyar feet high. Akwai aka girma Rafflesia Arnoldi - shi ne mafi girma a flower a duniya. A kasar gona ne matalauta a cikin tropics, da manyan na gina jiki sun mayar da hankali a riga data kasance shuke-shuke. An shekara-shekara cikinsu yake saran wani babbar dama wadannan yammacin sahara bayan shekaru hamsin na iya tsokana mafi m nazarin halittu bala'i.