Biophysicist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky: biography, nasarori, da kuma binciken awards

A 1930, a New York bude na farko na kasa da kasa majalisa a kan biophysics da biokosmologii. Shugaba mai daraja na, an zabe Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky.
A tallafi na yarjejeniyar, aka raɗa masa suna kafa sabon bangarorin ilimi da mutum ga fadin kimiyya bukatun, wanda ya miƙa daga zurfin kwayar halitta mai rai da rana. Yana da aka kira Rasha Leonardo Vinci a lokacinsa. Kuma ya kasance sa'an nan kawai 42 years old, kuma ya kasance memba a lokacin da flowering na m ...

yara

A nan gaba masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a farkon 1897 a kananan tenements Ciechanowiec kusa Grodno, inda aka located soja naúrar, to wanda aka dangana wa ubansa - wani manyan bindigogi jami'in Leonid Vasilevich Chizhevsky. Uwar - Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Neviandt - bayan haihuwar danta rayu sosai tsawo, da kuma bayan wani shekara ya mutu da tarin fuka. Damuwa game da yaron zaci ya inna - Olga Vasilevna Lesli (Chizhevskaya).

The mahaifin bai aure a karo na biyu, kuma mai yawa da hankali da aka biya zuwa tarbiyyar da kuma ilimi da ɗansa. Noticing ya penchant ga azuzuwan a kimiyya, ya sanye take da gidan wani real dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky ko da yaushe dauke da tushen da ya kimiyya aiki. Daga maye gurbin mahaifiyarsa, inna, ya tunawa da ban sha'awa da kuma ga al'adu, da kuma azuzuwan a shayari kuma zanen, wanda ya fara a farkon shekara, za su bi Chizhevskogo rayuwa.

Wadannan kan daga shugaban iyali, wanda ya zama ta hanyar karshen rayuwar Janar na manyan bindigogi, da aka sanya wa daban-daban soja raka'a, su ne 'yan watanni na rayuwa cikin daban-daban biranen Rasha da kuma kasashen waje, ciki har da a Paris.

Kaluga

A 1913 Chizhevskaya sun iya shirya har abada a birnin Kaluga. Wannan birni ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rabo na nan gaba masanin kimiyya - a nan ya fara real kimiyya biography. Alexander Chizhevsky rubuta daga baya cewa banrazana muhimmancin samuwar ya kimiyya moriyar an sani da kuma kusa da abota da Konstantinom Eduardovichem Tsiolkovskim.

View wannan musamman zurfin tunani aka gyarawa a cikin zurfin sarari, da kuma watakila a karkashin ikonsa riga a shekara ta 1914 Chizhevsky fara nazarin sakamakon hasken rana aiki a kan nazarin halittu da kuma zamantakewa fanni na duniya tamu. Wani jigo na bincike - da tasiri a kan halittu artificially ionized iska.

Bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Kaluga, a makarantar sakandare, a 1915, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky zo sau daya a cikin biyu mafi girma makarantun - shi ne a hukumance sa suna a cikin Moscow Commercial Institute, kuma yana da hakkin ya halarci wani shakka a Moscow archaeological Cibiyar. Saboda haka karara ya nuna sha'awarsa a sassa daban daban na rayuwar mutum: a cikin wannan shekara ya aka nazarin daidai sciences - kimiyyar lissafi da kuma lissafi, a kan sauran - agaji.

"Frequency na duniya-tarihi tsari"

A 1917, biyu ayyuka a gasar na farko kimiyya lakabi da aka sanar a Moscow: "Rasha shayari na XVII karni" da kuma "The Evolution of Physics da lissafi a cikin tarihin duniya." 'Yan takarar da wani suna - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Biography of shi a matsayin matasa masanin kimiyya tare da katsewa ba sa hannu a cikin yakin duniya na farko. A 1916 ya sadaukar da na yaki a kan Bagalike gaban, yi aiki a matsayin mai Scout turmi naúrar aka bayar da George Cross, kuma aka jikkata.

A farkon yakin, Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky kafa dangantaka tsakanin canje-canje a cikin hasken rana aiki da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a duniya. A ferocity na soja rikici a Turai, ya samu ƙaruwa a lokacin nassi ta hanyar da tsakiyar Meridian na babban star na mu tsarin da matsakaicin yawan sunspots. Sa'an nan, ya bincika tsoho tarihin daban-daban al'ummai a search na tabbatarwa da wannan dokar a tarihi. A sakamakon haka shi da wani cin nasara tsaro daga gare su, a cikin 1918 doctoral dissertation a kan batun.

Babban ƙarshe daga cikin matasa masanin kimiyyar ya kusan m: da cyclical hasken rana aiki yayi dace da daidai da zamani na duniya canje-canje a cikin biosphere na Duniya, kuma a cikin tafarkin rayuwa da zamantakewa da siyasa tafiyar matakai. sarari da aka fallasa da tasiri na da fuskoki dabam- dabam na zama na wayewar dan adam: mita shafi tunanin mutum cututtuka da annoba, da yawan aiki da kuma tattalin arziki crises, fitowan da sabon kimiyya theories da kuma fitowan na yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma juyin juya hali.

Kimiyya da shayari

A m shekaru, da bincike ya ci gaba da ilimi, yin a lokaci guda a biyu ikon tunani na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar: Medicine da Physics da lissafi. Ya ɓullo da ka'idar Energy Exchange a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a cikin gida awon a Kaluga, yin gano da sakamako na haske barnatar da cajin ions a kan jikin mutum da dabbobi, yana aiki a kan shigarwa domin samar da wadannan gaɓũɓuwa, ya baya an cinye "chandelier Chizhevskogo".

Duk da haka, ya ba ya bar aiki da aikin shayari. Shugaban All-Rasha Union of shayari - shi ne ma Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Da littattafanSa, da aka buga a cikin wadanda shekaru - cewa "Jiki dalilai na tarihi tsari" (1924), da kuma "Littafin waqoqi" (1919). Game da ya wallafa gwajen gaskiya ma amsa Maximilian Voloshin da Pavel Florensky, Mayakovsky da Valeriy Bryusov, Alexei Tolstoy da Vyacheslav Ivanov. Professional artists lura asali daga watercolor shimfidar wurare, wanda aka rubuta a cikin rare lokacin da hutawa.

The hadin kai na kimiyya ra'ayoyi da kuma m fassarar mutumin da halittu al'umma - wannan fitaccen malamin da mawãƙi Chizhevskiy Aleksandr Leonidovich. Falsafar hali zuwa rayuwa ne a fili da aka bayyana a wadannan Lines:

Mu ne 'ya'yan halittu. Kuma mu masoyi daya gidan

Saboda haka soldered al'umma da kuma faruwa da karfi,

Wannan da muka ji muna garwaya a cikin daya,

Wannan a kowane batu duniya - da dukan duniya da aka mayar da hankali ...

Babu wani Annabi a mahaifarsa ...

Da fāɗin kimiyya moriyar Aleksandra Chizhevskogo za a iya bayyana kawai a canja wuri na kimiyya da kuma m filayen, inda aikinsa ne nuna babban yabo da abokan aiki: zoopsychology, heliobiology, aeoroionizatsiya, ionifikatsii, biophysics, sarari ilmin halitta, Hematology, jini tsarin bincike, electro-kala fasaha da kuma more. Amma mafi yawansu sun kasance waje masana kimiyya. An isasshen kima wa kimiyya aiki a gida Chizhevsky samu kawai posthumously. A tafiya a bisa gayyatar da yawa waje kungiyoyin ilimi, ya aka hana.

Mutane da yawa bincike da masana kimiyya sun sanya a cikin sansanonin da kuma "sharashkas". A kaifi hilafa tsakanin da ra'ayoyin na aikin hukuma kimiyya views ya bayyana ko su zuwa ga mafi m ga mayakan ga babban rabo daga akidar gurguzu. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa, daga cikin repressed karkashin Stalin, kuma ya jũya Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi a matsayin mai tsaro a sananne Mataki na ashirin da 58 na Criminal Code fara a 1942. Bayan haka, sai ya ciyar 8 shekaru koma daban-daban maki na sararin gulag - Ivdellag a Arewa Urals, Kutchino a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, Karlag a Kazakhstan.

Wannan aka riga da shekaru masu yawa na dama, sunan kira obscurantist da rãnã-ibada, sai bugu fasa Chizhevskogo ra'ayi game da cosmic makamashi tasiri a kan biosphere na Duniya, mun bi sawun da magoya bayan wannan ka'idar, da kuma janye daga buga littafin marubucin. Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich aka saki a 1950. Ya aikin ya zauna a zango ya kammala zama dole gwaje-gwajen a cikin jini Kwayoyin. Ya ƙarshe aka gyara, amma gaba daya - kawai posthumously.

al'adunmu

Wane ne wanda yake - Chizhevsky Alexander Leonidovich? Biophysicist, da gaskatashi a sarari hulda makamashi na halittu da kuma rayuwar mutum? Hadishi, da jituwa da kuma sanar da inevitability irin wannan dangantaka? Slim, kuma m mawãƙi da kuma zane-zane, waɗanda ayyukansu suna cike da wannan duniya da makamashi?

A tabbatacce amsar wani daga cikin wadannan tambayoyi sa ransa da gaske na ƙwarai.