Birtaniya Labour Party: Kafa akida, ban sha'awa facts

UK Labour Party (LPV) ne daya daga cikin biyu siyasa sojojin da a zahiri fada domin ikon a Albion. Ba kamar da kishiya Jam'iyyar Conservative, da Labour Party sun farko mayar da hankali a kan inganta zamantakewa matsayin for 'yan kasarta. Ga cikakken fahimtar siyasa matakai a UK yana da muhimmanci sosai don bayyana rawar da kungiyar a cikin al'umma. Bari mu gano da tarihi da kuma ci gaban wannan siyasa karfi, kazalika da gano da akida professed da Labour Party.

fitowan

The Labour Party da aka kafa a shekarar 1900. Duk da haka, asali sunan shi busa kamar Labor wakilci kwamitin. Da zarar shi ya positioned kansa a matsayin wani wakilin aiki aji, suna tattare kungiyar kwadago motsi, da kuma ya nemi shiga tsakani a yaki ya mamaye a wannan lokaci jam'iyyun a kasar Birtaniya - Conservatives da kuma Liberal. Daya daga cikin shugabannin kungiyar tun farkon kwanaki na ramsay MacDonald zama ta kafa. Shi ne ta ofishin aka located a Apartment. Sauran sanannun shugabannin sun Dzheyms Keyr Hardi, Arthur Henderson da Dzhordzh barns.

A shekarar 1906, kungiyar ta samu ba sunan, wanda a harshen Turanci aka rubuta a matsayin Labour Party, da kuma fassara a cikin Rasha a matsayin "Labour Party".

A farkon mataki na ci gaba

A farkon zaben a 1900, wanda Sukan mafi kwanan halitta jam'iyyar na goma sha biyar da 'yan takara da Birtaniya majalisar shige, maza biyu, da kuma cewa da kudade na yaƙin neman zaɓe, kawai 33 fam.

Riga a gaba zaben a shekarar 1906, yawan wakilan da Labour Party a majalisar ya karu zuwa mutane 27. Shugaban majalisar ƙungiya ya Dzheyms Hardi. Wannan na nufi da na yau da kullum jagoranci a cikin jam'iyyar, kamar yadda wani raba post a matsayin shugaban da Labour Party bai wanzu har 1922.

Kamar yadda na ambata a sama, da farko da Labour Party a Birtaniya sun kasance a cikin inuwar da ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma masu sassaucin ra'ayi jam'iyyun, wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin tserewa. Duk da haka, a farko saboda kananan yawan kujerun a majalisar dokokin kasar, da aka tilasta yin hadin gwiwa tare da su a kusa m akidar. Wannan kusa hadin gwiwa zai ci gaba har sai 1916. Babu shakka, da jummai na jam'iyyar Liberal Party aka sanya rawar da wani mazan ɗan'uwansa.

A tsakiyar yakin duniya na a 1918, da Labour Party, za su riƙe da kansa shatan da shirin, wanda daga baya ya zama masomin kungiya matsayi a kan manyan jam'iyyun siyasa da kuma zamantakewa al'amurran da suka shafi.

A jam'iyyar

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko akwai tsaga a cikin sahu na jam'iyyar Liberal Party da kuma aiki motsi ya fara samun karuwa a wannan lokacin saboda ci gaban da juyin juya halin Musulunci halin da ake ciki a Turai. Kuma Birtaniya Labour Party zo a cikin wani babban wasan, a matsayin mai raba siyasa da karfi.

A 1924 da suka kasance karo na farko a tarihi iya samar da wata gwamnati. The Labour Party bai sami rinjaye a majalisar dokokin kasar, ko da yake da shi ya dauki wani Littãfi yawan wakilan ga jam'iyyar - 191 mutane. Amma bickering tsakanin Conservatives da kuma Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi ne aka halatta su samar da hukuma. Kuma haka dai aka karya ikon da na ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma masu sassaucin ra'ayi jam'iyyun, wanda ya dauki tsawon karnoni. Tun wannan lokacin, babban gasa a gwagwarmayar ikon fara Labor da Conservatives.

A wakilin Labor Dzheyms Ramsey MacDonald ya zama firaministan kasar Burtaniya.

Duk da haka, nan da karshen wannan shekarar, Labor gwamnati, saboda matsin lamba da kuma rikici zo tare domin yaki da shi Conservatives da kuma Musulmai masu sassaucin ra'ayi, aka tilasta ƙi. Bugu da kari, saboda da ya kwarara daga fafatawa a gasa compromising a kan sabon zabe a majalisar Labour Party aka ci, da kuma yawan daga cikin wakilan da aka rage zuwa 151 mutane.

Amma shi ne kawai na farko na gaba Mutuwa Labor ministoci.

gwamnatin MacDonald

zabe a 1929 riga, da Labour Party a karon farko a tarihin lashe mafi kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar. (287 wakilai) da ya samu da hakkin ya sake samar da hukuma. Fira Ministan na Birtaniya ya Dzheyms Makdonald sake. Amma saboda jerin siyasa da tattalin arziki da gazawar da sabuwar gwamnatin akwai tsaga a cikin Labour Party kanta. Dzheyms Makdonald tafi a kan rapprochement tare da Conservatives zuwa da karfi da goyon baya a majalisar dokokin kasar. Wannan ya kai ga cewa a shekarar 1931 ya bar jam'iyyar, halitta a cikin 'yan adawa ga shi National Labor Organization, amma ya ci gaba da rike mukaminsa na Firayim Ministan, sai 1935, lokacin da wannan matsayi da aka maye gurbinsu da wani wakilin Conservatives.

A sabon shugaban na Labour Party yana daya daga cikin mutanen da suka da zarar ya tsaya a asalin wannan yunkuri - Arthur Henderson. Amma tsaga a cikin jam'iyyar, kazalika da siyasa scandals sun kai ga cewa a cikin sabon zaben majalisar dokoki a shekarar 1931, shi ya kasa madauwaman zullumi, da ciwon da majalisu ikon 52 UK wakilin.

Attlee zamanin

Tuni a cikin shekara ta gaba a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar Henderson maye gurbin Dzhordzh Lensberi, kuma a cikin wani shekaru uku - Klement Ettli. Wannan shugaban da Labour Party ta gudanar da post fiye da kowa a gaban ko tun - 20 years. Attlee lokaci dade daga 1935 zuwa 1955.

A zaben na 1935 jam'iyyar karkashin ya jagoranci ya kasance iya muhimmanci inganta ta yi, da ciwon wakilin a majalisar 154. Bayan murabus daga Firimiyan ra'ayin mazan jiya Chamberlain a 1940, Attlee gudanar ya shiga a cikin wani gwamnatin hadin gwiwa na Winston Churchill.

A post-yaki ci gaban da APS

Saboda barkewar yakin duniya na II, a bayan zaben da aka gudanar kawai a cikin shekaru 10 a shekara ta 1945. Bayan su, da Labour Party tsiwirwirinsu mai rikodin ga kansa yayin da 393 kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar. Wannan sakamakon ya fi isa ga samuwar hukuma jagorancin Klementom Ettli, wanda aka maye gurbinsu a matsayin firaministan kasar Conservative Winston Churchill fadi a zaben. Labor iya kawai za a taya murnar wannan nasarar, tun da nasara a lokacin kama da real abin mamaki.

Ba dole ne a ce cewa ta uku zuwa ga ikon da Labour Party ta zama mafi tasiri fiye da biyu da suka gabata wadanda. Ba kamar McDonald ta, Attlee gudanar ya rike da dama da muhimmanci dokokin na zamantakewa yanayi, to kwace cikin hannun gwamnati da wasu manyan kamfanoni, don mayar da tattalin arzikin kasar, addabi da yaki. Wadannan nasarori sun gudummawar da cewa zaben a 1950 da Labour Party sake bikin wata nasara, ko da yake wannan lokaci mafi suna fadin aka wakilta a majalisar dokokin kasar - 315 mutane.

Duk da haka, da Attlee majalisar ba kawai daya nasara. A kasa tsarin harkokin kudi da kuma ragewar darajar kuɗi na laba ya kai ga cewa na musamman zaben a shekarar 1951 aka lashe ta Conservatives jagorancin Winston Churchill. The Labour Party samu 295 kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar, ko da yake ya isa ya ci gaba da samun wani gagarumin tasiri a manufofin kasar, domin da Conservatives sun kawai bakwai kujeru mafi.

New zaben a shekarar 1955 ya kawo Labour Party ƙara takaici, saboda su sakamakon da suka samu kawai 277 kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar, da Conservatives lashe wani sosai tabbatacce nasara. Wannan taron shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da cewa a cikin wannan shekara Klement Ettli murabus daga babban siyasa da kuma yadda Labor shugaban, ya aka maye gurbinsu da Hugh Gaitskell.

A m tarihi na jam'iyyar

Duk da haka, Gaitskell kuma ba zai iya zama wani cancanci maye Attlee. The Labour Party aka ƙara rasa da shahararsa, kamar yadda evidenced da dakushe su lambobi a majalisar dokokin kasar bayan zaben a shekarar 1959 zuwa 258 mutane.

A shekarar 1963, bayan mutuwar Gaitskell, da Labor shugaban Harold Wilson ya zama. Ya na da fiye da goma sha uku shekaru a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar. Tuni a cikin shekara ta gaba a karkashin ya jagoranci Labour Party ta lashe bayan wani goma sha huɗu-shekara hutu, lashe zaben 'yan majalissun da 317 kujeru, 13 fiye da Conservatives. Saboda haka, Wilson ya zama na farko Labor firaministan kasar Klementa Ettli bayan da Birtaniya.

Duk da haka, Labor ta jagoranci a majalisar da aka haka mawuyacin halin da cewa ba su ba su damar da za su yi da asali matakai na shirin. Wannan halin da ake ciki tilasta rike a shekarar 1966 musamman zaben a cikin abin da Labour Party ta samu gagarumar nasara wanda ya karbi 364 kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar, watau 111 kujeru fiye da Conservatives.

Amma ta farkon '70s, da UK tattalin arzikin nuna ilimin kididdiga Figures ne nisa daga manufa. Wannan ya kai ga cewa a sabon zabe a shekarar 1970, Conservatives lashe rinjawarwa, inda ya lashe fiye da 50% na kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar, da kuma Labor sun yarda 288 kujeru (43.1%). Babu shakka, da sakamako daga wadannan sakamakon da aka murabus daga Harold Wilson.

Conservatives ba rayu har zuwa tsammanin su, da kuma a gaba zaben a cikin bazara na shekarar 1974 da aka lashe ta Labour Party, duk da haka, da wani saje. Wannan al'amari ya tilasta su to kaka na wannan shekara za su gudanar da wani musamman zaben, wanda a cikin sa da Labour Party ta lashe a barga rinjaye. Wilson gangarawa gwamnatin sake, amma ba domin sosai bayyana dalilai, a 1976, ya yi murabus. Wanda zai gaje shi a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar da kuma Firayim Ministan ta kujera ya Dzheyms Kallagan.

A 'yan adawa,

Duk da haka, da shahararsa ta Callaghan ba za a iya kwatanta ta da Wilson ta shahararsa. A kaye da Labour Party a zaben a 1979 ya da wata halitta sakamakon wannan. A zamanin Jam'iyyar Conservative, wanda ya ba da Birtaniya irin fice firaministoci kamar Margaret Thatcher (firaministan kasar yana da fiye da shekaru 11 a jere) da kuma Dzhon Meydzhor. A ikon da na Conservatives a majalisar dokokin kasar dade shekaru 18.

A wannan lokacin, Labor an tilasta tafi a cikin 'yan adawa. Callaghan bayan murabus daga mukaminsa na shugaban jam'iyyar a 1980, an karkashin jagorancin Michael Foot (1980-1983 Ya zama zaunannen), Neil Kinnock (1983-1992) da kuma Dzhon Smit (1992-1994).

sabon Labor

Bayan rasuwar Dzhona Smita a shekarar 1994 daga May zuwa Yuli na addashin shugaban jam'iyyar ta Margaret Beckett, amma zaben shugaban Labour Party lashe matasa da kuma m siyasa Toni Bler, wanda a wannan lokacin da aka cika da kawai 31 shekara. An sabunta shirin ya gudummawar da bude daga cikin jam'iyyar "na biyu da iska." Period a tarihin jam'iyyar, faro daga zaben na Blair da kuma ta shugaban a 2010, da ake kira "New Labourism".

A tsakiyar shirin "New Labor" shi ne abin da ake kira na uku hanya, wanda aka positioned jam'iyyar a matsayin madadin su jari-hujja da gurguzanci.

fansa na Labor

Yadda nasara dabara da aka zaba ta hanyar Toni Blerom, ya nuna majalisar zabe a 1997 a cikin abin da Labour Party a karon farko a cikin shekaru 18 lashe. Amma ba kawai wata nasara ba, amma a hakikanin rout na Conservatives jagorancin John Major, bayan da Labour Party ta lashe 253 karin kujeru. A total number of wakilan da Labour Party a majalisar ya 418 mutane, wanda shi ne har yanzu tsinke rikodin na jam'iyyar. Toni Bler ya zama firaministan kasar Burtaniya.

A zaben a 2001 da kuma a 2005 da Labour Party sake nasara da gagarumin rinjaye, da kuma cire, bi da bi 413 da kuma 356 kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar. Amma duk da overall sakamako mai kyau, da Trend ya nuna wani gagarumin karu a shahararsa na APS tsakanin masu kada kuri'a. Wannan shi ne a cikin wani karamin mũdu da gudummawar da m kasashen waje da manufofin da Labour Party karkashin jagorancin Toni Blerom, ya nuna, musamman, a cikin aiki soja da goyon bayan Amirka baki a Iraki, kazalika da hannu a cikin harin bom na {asar Yugoslavia.

A shekara ta 2007, Toni Bler murabus, kuma kamar yadda shugaban jam'iyyar da kuma Firayim Ministan aka yi nasara da Gordon Brown. Duk da haka, da sosai farko majalisar zabe bayan murabus daga Blair, wanda ya faru a 2010, ya juya a cikin wani shan kashi da Labour Party da kuma nasarar da Conservatives, karkashin jagorancin David Cameron. Wannan sakamakon gudummawar da cewa Gordon Brown ya sake ba kawai Firimiyan, amma kuma bar matsayi na shugaban jam'iyyar.

wayewar

A cikin gwagwarmayar da post na shugaban da Labour Party a 2010 da aka lashe ta Ed Miliband. Amma da shan kashi na jam'iyyar a 2015 majalisar zabe, a cikin abin da ta nuna ko da kasa tabbatacce sakamakon fiye da na karshe lokaci, Mr Miliband ya tilasta yin murabus.

A halin yanzu shugaban na APS ne Dzheremi Korbin, wanda, sabanin Blair da Brown, shi ne wakilin hagu reshe na jam'iyyar. A lokacin, ya aka sanshi a matsayin abokin gaba da yakin Iraki.

Juyin Halitta daga akidar

Cikin dukanin ta tarihi, da akida na Labour Party ya halartar gagarumin canje-canje. Da farko, an mayar da hankali kan aiki da kuma kungiyar kwadago motsi, a kan lokaci kuma da tunawa da jari hujja abubuwa, game da shi, motsi kusa ra'ayi tare da madawwamiyar kishiya - Jam'iyyar Conservative. Duk da haka, da nasara da tabbatar da adalci a cikin kasar ne ko da yaushe a kunshe a cikin manyan al'amurra na jam'iyyar. Duk da haka, kungiyar tarayyar Labor jam'iyyar da Kwaminisancin da sauran matsananci hagu igiyoyin.

Overall Labor akidar za a iya bayyana a matsayin Social Democratic.

al'amurra

A na gaba Labour Party da tsare-tsaren to nasara a gaba zaben majalisar dokoki da za a gudanar a shekarar 2020. Hakika, da su aiwatar da shi zai zama da wuya matuƙa, ba na yanzu asarar zabe nuna juyayi ga jam'iyyar, amma lokacin da za a canza masu jefa} uri'a, ra'ayin isa.

Dzheremi Korbin shirin samun masu jefa kuri'a yarda da dawo zuwa hagu-reshe akida, wanda ya asali muhimmi a cikin Labor Party.