Borobudur (Indonesia): tarihi, description, photos, da yadda za a samu

Daya daga cikin mafi girma a kasashen Asiya a wajen da sauri ya juya a cikin wani m yawon shakatawa manufa, inda za ka iya hada wani annashuwa rairayin bakin teku hutu tare da wani aiki. A tafiya zuwa Indonesia - shi ne ko da yaushe wani farin ciki da kuma tunawa tafiya a cikin m, wanda ya bada wata damar kũtsawa a cikin gabata zamanin. An yi imani da cewa babban jan hankali na most tarin tsiburai a duniya suna located a tsibirin Java.

A cikin hedkwatarsu da yake cikin Haikali hadaddun na Santa rabbai cewa Indonesia kira a gaskiya abin mamaki na duniya. Addini abin tunawa, a haifi zuwa rayuwa kawai ƙarni biyu da suka wuce, ba shi yiwuwa a yi watsi.

Borobudur Haikalin: description

Giant dutse gini, wanda gine ne daidai da wannan dutsen mai faɗi bayyana a rãfin na Kedu tsakanin VII kuma Sabunta ƙarni. Gina a kan wani tsauni, shi da aka gina a cikin siffar wani dala, da kuma irin wannan tsarin ne ake kira Buddhist turmi. High (fiye da 34 mita), da haikalin da aka gina domin game da shekara ɗari, amma sakamakon wuce duk tsammanin. Addini tunawa gidaje yankin fiye da 2,500 kilomita wakiltar wani tako tsarin, wanda maharibai tafi à sama. Gina square siffar da wani tushe tsawon na 123 mita yana hudu bayanai, da kuma saka a kan kowane gefe na wani Buddha mutum-mutumi a daban-daban shirya kai.

Kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka yi karatu a Haikali, ta yi dauki game da miliyan biyu da tubalin da wani duhu launin toka andesite. Takwas benaye na Haikalin alamar Buddhist model na duniya, da kuma a kan babba matakin ne a classic stupa, sanya a cikin nau'i na da wata babbar kararrawa. An yi imani da cewa a cikin m gini ƙunshi m kaya, wanda daga bisani aka sace.

Entrance, located a gefen gabas, shi ne babban batu na wayewa da kuma alama ce ta kafa addinin Buddha. Yana ne aka yi nufi kawai ga sufaye da aka rufe don yawon bude ido. Daga ƙofar main mai shimfiɗa embossed reliefs a cikin duwatsu, da shiru gaya game da Buddha ke koyarwa. Kowane multilevel terrace da ganuwar na zamanin d Tsarin rufe m Bas-reliefs depicting rayuwar mutane da yawa daga cikin haskaka Daya.

Mahajjata da suka zo Borobudur (Indonesia), dole ne samu a kusa da kowane bene sau bakwai. Hanyar up suka shawo kan, motsi counterclockwise a karkace ta hanyar duk da benaye. A nesa su ne, shi ne game da kilomita biyar. Yanzu wasu daga cikin tiers ne sabuntawa, da kuma kewaye duk matakan ne ba zai yiwu.

Kamadhatu

Ƙananan bene, wanda yake riƙe fiye da 160 bangarori, depicting duniya na sharri sha'awa mutum, a rufe don yawon bude ido, saboda shi ne gaba daya a karkashin kasa. Kawai karamin sashi daga cikin haikalin da kuma wasu Bas-reliefs aka nuna wa baƙi. Photos of duk hotunan za a iya kyan gani, a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya a haramin.

Level rufe da ƙasa ba da gidan wanda za a iya kakkarya juriya.

Rupadhatu

Na biyu matakin na Borobudur (Indonesia) daukan biyar baranda da kuma wakiltar hakikanin rayuwar duniya. bene panel za gaya ban sha'awa labaru daga rayuwar Buddha. A wasu za ka iya ganin duk incarnations na ruhaniya master, da suka ziyarci biyu jikin mutum da dabba, kuma a ko'ina mai tausayi ne, m ka'idojin addini. Kuma wasu za su gaya game da duk tafiye-tafiye, wanda aka sanya a cikin search na haskaka hikima. Biyar tiers ne fiye da 400 da ya mutummutumai, sassaka a cikin dutse, amma da yawa kamar yadda akwai kusan babu.

Arupadhatu

Babba bene - shi ne matakin qarshe, wanda alama ce ta gabatowa Nirvana. Yana aka yi wa ado a cikin nau'i na uku kananan baranda na taso siffar. Ga gaba daya rasa wani image, amma a maharibai ko a karkashin turmi, da kama wani inverted kararrawa, shigar 72 mutummutumai na Buddha ne, sunã madawwama a Nirvana, da kuma ware daga wannan duniyar ta zahiri.

A cikin zuciya na benen kasa ne karshe Borobudur (Indonesia) rufaffiyar stupa da sassaka na Siddhartha Gautama, wanda ba za a iya gani. Babu shugaban wata katuwar mutum-mutumi, kuma malamai da dama sa a gaba versions bayanin irin wannan m hujja. Wasu suna da'awar cewa aikin da aka ba asali kammala, wasu suna karkata zuwa zargi da m girgizar kasa, a sakamakon wanda shi ya auku a kashe, yayin da wasu yi imani da shi shi ne wani al'amari na barayi hannuwa, kwashe tsarabobi a zaman collections.

A tarihin na hadaddun

A 1006, akwai wani bala'i - da shigowa na Dutsi mai aman wuta binne haikalin Borobudur a Indonesia a karkashin wani lokacin farin ciki Layer ash. A shekarar 1811, tsibirin Java zo karkashin iko da Ingila, Birtaniya gwamnan da kuma na bincike, sha'awar tarihi, na ji da haihuwa Legends game da yi, wanda ya mutu ƙarni da suka wuce. A sha'awar lãlãce Haikalin, ya shirya wani kimiyya balaguro. Game da watanni biyu shige da barrantar yanki overgrown tare da Jungle, da kuma a gaban masu bincike sun gano wani ɓangare na ginin tare da wani zato abin kwaikwaya. Kawai a 1885 Wuri Mai Tsarki na gane World Heritage Site, ya bayyana a duk da ƙawa.

Abin baƙin ciki, located nisa daga wayewa, "da dutse labarinsa na addinin Buddha" ya sha wahala daga marauders, Export mutummutumai da Bas-reliefs fi so daga cikin kasar. Ba da da ewa, tsibirin fara mallaki Dutch, wanda samarwa rarraba Borobudur (Indonesia), tarihin wanda Dates baya da dama ƙarni. Abin farin, kowa hankali rinjaye da kuma untouched hadaddun aka akai-akai hõre sabuntawa, kuma amma mafi yawan manyan-sikelin faru tare da goyon bayan UNESCO a cikin 80s na karshe karni.

Gina a kan tudu ne wani muhimmin abin tunawa daga cikin kasar ta na bukatar da za a ƙarfafa, ko kuma a kowane lokaci ya iya kawai fada baya. A gaba daya disassembled kuma reconstituted daidai da data kasance zane. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin duwatsu sun ba su iya samun, kuma haka kankare slabs ne a wurin da suke. Kunsha da mahara yadudduka na coci kõma ta tsohon kyakkyawa da girma.

A bala'in da suka faru tare da haikali

Neman kauri, ya ja hankalin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da suke qoqarin tarwatsa wani gida alama. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1985, Musulmi aza bam a Haikali, amma a matsayin da mabiya addinin Buddha suka yi ĩmãni, ruhun da wayayyu Daya ba a yarda ya share Borobudur (Indonesia) daga Earth. Restoration of Monuments da archaeological aikin da za'ayi domin wannan rana. Duk da haka, wani aiki mai aman wuta, wanda eruptions faruwa a kowace 'yan shekaru, kokarin hallaka haikalin. A 2010, Dutsen Dutsi fashe, da kuma tokar da ya hallaka m ƙasar, ya tashi zuwa 14 kilomita sama. Indonesia, sun share tsibirin, an ba bar unattended da kuma tsofaffin gini, wanda a sake ji rauni mai tsanani.

Toka dauke acid wanda corrodes mafi girma Yufo a duniya. Dubban masu sa kai zo da taimakon mazauna yankin, da kuma dade fiye da wata daya na aikin don agazawa Borobudur. A tsohon gine-gine sun kasance wutar lantarki, da kuma volcanic turɓãya, haddasa mai girma lalacewar, tattara masana'antu injin tsabtace gida.

taro yawon shakatawa da kuma aikin hajji abu

Yawon bude ido shiga Haikali, da farko na duk kokarin samun a sama don a ji dadin m panorama. Tafi wuya, saboda bukatar cin nasara da 26 mita, amma yayi mai ban mamaki views ne shi daraja. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa Buddha mutum-mutumi don taimakawa wajen samun arziki da kuma ana amfani da su. Kuma suka yi haka har Musulmi.

Duk da haka, mazauna yankin suke yin addinin Buddha, biya fiye da hankali ga wurare tare da baranda inda za ka iya shakata, tunani game da muhimman darussa sassaka a sauƙi. Yana da daidaituwa ba Borobudur (Indonesia), bayani a kan wanda za a iya samu a takardun dating dawo da ƙarni, shi ya zama saboda mutane da yawa "Littafi Mai Tsarki a cikin dutse".

Zuwa gaba hanya take kaiwa zuwa Nirvana, amma ba kowa da kowa zai iya cimma shi, amma kamar yadda shi yakan kowane gabatowa haskakarka. Hakika, a cikin coci fiye da wani abu na taro yawon shakatawa fiye da wani wuri na aikin hajji.

Borobudur (Indonesia): yadda za a samu a can?

Idan kana tafiya da kanka, dole ne ka sani cewa kai tsaye bas zuwa cikin haikali, located a kwarin Kedu, babu. Saboda haka yana yiwuwa a yi hayan mota ko daukar wani taxi daga filin jirgin sama na Yogyakarta - wani gari dake a cikin zuciya na Java tsibirin da located 40 kilomita daga hotel.

Ko daga bas Jombor bas m drive bas 2A ko 2B zuwa Magelang, karamin shiri a lardin, sa'an nan canja wurin zuwa jama'a harkokin sufuri za Borobudur (Indonesia).

Photo dauka mafaka a kwarin Haikalin, gani mai ban mamaki musamman yanayi a sa wani real ni'ima. Abin baƙin ciki, da majestic tunawa iya nan da sannu za a rasa har abada. Ba wanda ya san abin da zai kawo halakar da wani bugãwa aman wuta, kuma kamata hanzarta ganin da idona a m gini.