Ciki da kuma na waje tsarin da kwari

A mafi bambancin aji - kwari, da na waje tsarin da kayan ciki wanda ake da karatu. Daga sauran iri arthropod halin da rarraba da gawar a cikin sassa uku: shugaban, thorax da ciki. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, karatu da waje tsarin da kwari a kan misali na May irin ƙwaro ko fara.

exoskeleton

Kwari da babu ciki kwarangwal. Rawar da ya taka da aka yi da wani m m surface na jiki - da cuticle. Shi ne m da kuma goyon baya aiki, Halicci irin keji.

Domin haɗa exoskeleton tsoka, kuma ta surface suranta wani shãmaki a raba da jiki rami daga yanayi. A cuticle iya zama da wuya ko taushi, bi da bi harsashi. A wasu lokuta, a kan kai da kuma kirji m cuticle, a kan ciki - taushi.

The larvae na m girma da m, tensile cuticle. Suna iya Molina sau da yawa, amai da haihuwa harsashi. Wasu sassa na kwari ta jiki za a iya kara kare da faranti da garkuwa.

shugaban

A waje tsarin da kwari fara koya daga kansa. A duban farko alama cewa shugaban ne a hadade dukan, amma evolutionarily shi aka kafa ta ci daga 5 segments.

Located a kan shugaban antennae da uku nau'i-nau'i daga mouthparts wata gabar jiki. Sun kasu kashi babba, ƙananan muƙamuƙi da kuma ƙananan lebe (a biyu daga Fused jaws). Mouthparts wata gabar jiki a daban-daban kwari ne daban-daban da kuma ya kasu kashi da dama iri dangane da irin abinci:

• wadda take cin for m abinci, kamar predatory beetles.
• sokin-tsotsa, idan kana so ka soki da abinci substrate, akwai sauro, kwari, cicadas.
• tubular-tsotsa idan sokin ba a bukatar, kamar malam;
• lasawa-wadda take cin ga ruwa abinci na ƙudan zuma, wasps.
• muskoidnye da ciyar da ruwa da kuma m abinci a kwari.

A tarnaƙi na shugaban ana shirya fili idanu, da kuma tsakanin daya zuwa uku sauki idanu. Kafin idanuna - da antennae, wanda ake ma ya kasu kashi da dama iri.

ƙirjinka

Muna ci gaba da bincika waje tsarin da kwari. kwari ƙirãza za a iya raba uku da manyan segments, wanda tsaya a waje har ma fiye da kananan. A kasa daga cikin kirji prichleneny ƙafafunsa. Trochanter da tasa wata gabar jiki samar da motsi. Cinya - mafi girma mafi m ɓangare na kafa, sanye take da iko tsokoki.

Bi da gwiwa da ƙananan kafa, wanda aka bayar da kakar da zangarniya. Kafar kanta ne zuwa kashi da dama karami segments, located a saman fika kuma suckers. Features na waje tsarin da kwari dogara ne a kan nau'in. Kafafu na iya samun musamman da kuma ya kasu kashi daban.

fikafikai

External tsarin kwari ban sha'awa don nazarin saboda bambancin jinsi. Fikafikan malam da sauro ya bambanta a bayyanar, amma suna da irin wannan tsarin. A mafi yawan lokuta, nau'i biyu daga cikin fikafikanta, su ne protuberances zubar a kan backrest. Sun kunshi bakin ciki sosai faranti kulla m jijiyoyinmu.

A waje tsarin da kwari ta jiki dogara a kan salon. A dangane da aiwatar da daban-daban ayyuka, da fuka-fuki sun halartar da dama daga canje-canje. A Diptera canza kama zuwa halteres raya fuka-fuki da strepsiptera - gaban. Zhukov gaban fuka-fuki sun samo asali a cikin elytra, mantises da kyankyasai sun zama leathery da sauransu. D. A wasu jinsunan kwari fuka-fuki ne ba ya nan a daya jima'i ko da cikakken a dukan mutane.

ciki

Ƙare yi nazarin waje tsarin da kwari ciki. Wannan bangare kunshi wani jam'i na m segments, yawanci goma. A 8 da rabi 9 ana shirya genitalia da takware. A ciki shi ne dake kusan duk kayan ciki.

Wata gabar jiki a ciki ba, amma larvae na ƙarya kafafu za a iya dake akwai. A na baya segments located copulatory sashin jiki a cikin maza, da mãtan ovipositor da kuma dubura. Table "External tsarin kwaro" don taimaka mafi fahimtar tsarin da wadannan wakilan na dabba duniya.

Numfashi da kuma jijiyoyi

External da ciki tsarin kwari dogara a kan salon da cewa sun kai. A numfashi tsarin kunshi da trachea, suka Alhlulbaiti dukan jiki. Sun bude spiracles cewa tsara da ya kwarara daga iska. A kwari, iska-numfashi, numfashi bude tsarin. A ruwa shi ne rufe, babu spiracles. The larvae ne gills.

Iska ya shiga ta takware da kuma shiga cikin spiracles trachea entangle ciki gabobin. Trachea karbi branched tracheal Kwayoyin da tracheoles, iyakar abin da shiga cikin Kwayoyin.

Hemolymph ba shiga a gas musayar, wannan rawa da aka yi da trachea. Hemolymph ne pumped via da zuciya, wanda aka located a baya. Yana kama murdede jiki tube.

Hemolymph shiga tube ta cikin rami da kuma motsa a cikin shugabanci daga ciki da kai. A wasu karshen hemolymph yardar kaina gudana kai tsaye a cikin jiki rami, kuma Yanã shigar a kusa da kayan ciki, saturating su tare da zama dole kayan.

Narkewa kamar, kuma excretory tsarin

Mun ci gaba da binciken na waje tsarin da kwari da su na ciki gabobin. A tsarin narkewa kamar fara baka rami, inda ya kwarara ducts na salivary gland. Yau ƙunshi enzymes ga narkewa abinci. Wannan ne ya bi da esophagus, da amfanin gona, ciki. Hanji ne kashi uku ta hanyar biyu bawuloli da kuma ƙare dubura. A wasu jinsunan na narkewa kamar tsarin a adulthood ba a ci gaba. Alal misali, ba mayflies muƙamuƙanka, hanjinsu rage. Suna zaune 'yan kwanaki da kuma bai ci.

Excretory gabobin a kwari wakilta Malpighian tubules da hindgut. Malpighian tubules - a tube dake tsakanin tsakiya da kuma hindgut. Vata kayayyakin ake tace jirgin ruwa ganuwar da kuma nuna a cikin hindgut.

Endocrine da kuma haihuwa tsarin

Endocrine gabobin asirce hormones a cikin hemolymph gudãnar physiological tafiyar matakai kamar metabolism, haifuwa, da kuma halayyar al.
Kwari - iri guda ba dabbobi. A haihuwa tsarin hada biyu namiji testes, vas deferens da ejaculatory bututu. Mata haihuwa tsarin da aka wakilta ovaries da oviduct.

A lokacin dabbar ta hanyar canjin maniyyi shiga cikin mace seminal matattarã da kuma adana a can. Ma'abota iya wuce har zuwa kwanaki da dama, mafi yawan jinsunan nan da nan ka bar. A lokacin kwanciya da qwai an hadu da maniyyi da lubricated. Ciyar a kan haifuwa na dukan sojojin da jiki, don haka mace ko an rayayye ciyar, kõ suka mutu.

Juyayi tsarin da kuma ji gabobin

A juyayi tsarin na kwari yana da wani hadadden tsarin. An yi sama da neurons. A jijiya cell za a iya bambanta jiki, dendrites da axon. Ta hanyar dendritic Kwayoyin sami sakonni, da kuma musayar bayanai via da axon.

A tsakiya m tsarin kunshi da sama-oesophageal ganglion da kuma na ciki sarkar, wanda ya kunshi ganglia. Wadannan hukumomin saka idanu da ayyukan dukkan gabobin da kyallen takarda. A gefe tsarin - a mota da kuma azanci shine jijiyoyi da cewa connect da CNS da gabobin da kyallen takarda. A autonomic tsarin kunshi mutum ganglia wanda mulkin aiki na gabobin.

Ta hanyar gabobinmu bayanai shiga cikin juyayi tsarin.

A hangen nesa gabatar faceted idanu, 'yan sauki idanu ko larval idanu.

jinka iya located a sassa daban daban na jiki. Suna wakilta vibroretseptorami a ƙafa na nazarin sasannin kwari da cewa jin da vibration na substrate. Sauti ta cikin ruwa da iska da ake gane fonoretseptorami da Diptera ji via dzhonstonovyh jikinsu. tympanal ne mafi hadaddun sashen ji.

Hukumomin dandana shirya a kan kafafu, ciki da kuma a cikin baka rami. Tactile gabobin dake ko'ina cikin jiki. Olfactory gabobin - a kan antennae.

Ciki da kuma na waje tsarin da kwari na iya zama sosai daban-daban a cikin jinsuna daban. Ya dogara da salon da kuma irin abinci. Table "External tsarin kwari", wanda yake shi ne samuwa a baya a wannan labarin, za ta taimaka systematize da ilimin da suka samu.