Clostridium botulinum. botulinus

A duniya akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban kwayan cututtuka. Sun bambanta daga juna kamuwa sunadaran da cutar da kuma sauran nuances. A wannan labarin na so in yi magana a daki-daki, game da clostridium botulinum - da causative wakili na cutar kamar botulism.

game da rashin lafiya

A farkon, kana bukatar ka ce 'yan kalmomi game da cutar da cewa yana sa kwayoyin. Saboda haka, botulism - mai tsanani ci abinci mai guba. Shi ne m, sau da yawa a lokaci guda rinjayar da tsakiya m tsarin, na iya haifar da inna. Yana yana da wani fecal-baka hanya na watsa.

Ban sha'awa zai zama asalin sunan. Daga Latin fassara a matsayin botulism tsiran (botulus). Kuma duk saboda na farko data pathogenic kwayoyin cuta da aka samu a wannan abinci samfurin (kazalika a jikin matattu mutane wanda a baya ya ci abinci gurbata tsiran). Mafi sau da yawa wannan cuta da aka dangana wa da amfani da salted da kyafaffen kifi da naman alade.

A kadan tarihi

A karo na farko clostridium botulinum - da causative wakili na botulism - aka bayyana a baya a 1896 da masana kimiyya E. van Ermengemom. Yana faru kawai a lokacin da karfi na fashewa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, wannan pathogen da aka ware domin naman alade, kazalika daga gawawwakin mutanen da suka ci shi a baya. A kadan daga baya, an gano cewa, kananan kwayoyin qunshi takwas serovars abin da ya bambanta a antigenic tsarin gubobi (da suka qumshi nasu). Matsakaicin muhimmanci ne gubobi, kira a matsayin A, B da kuma E. Duk da haka, ya kamata a ce duk da gubobi za a iya neutralized kawai ta homologue magani.

bayyanar

Yana kama clostridium botulinum? Saboda haka, kwayoyin ne a fairly manyan sanda karshen ne dan kadan taso keya. M da size - 4-9x0.6-1.0 microns. A ko'ina cikin jiki yana da game da 35 flagella peritrichous located. Za a iya samar da spores. Stick da shawarwari ne a bit kamar tanis raban.

manufa yanayi

Abin da yanayi ne manufa domin clostridium botulinum? Saboda haka, da ganiya zazzabi for su girma - game da 35 ° C. Duk da haka, kwayoyin cuta na iya ninka a cikin zazzabi kewayon daga 10 zuwa 55 ° C. An mafi kyau horar da kananan kwayoyin:

1. Daga cikin Kitty Tarotstsi. Wannan musamman nama-peptone broth supplemented da hanta tsiran nama da kuma glucose.
2. A nama da kifi ya'ya.
3. Inda akwai wani babban taro na dabba gina jiki.

Bacteria iya ninka ma a daban-daban yanayin. Saboda haka, mafi m - glucose da jini agar (a cikin wannan harka, da kwayoyin kama guda na lentils ko ulu). Duk da haka, da suka iya radiyo a cikin wani ruwa matsakaici. A irin wannan yanayin, da kama sludge aka kafa, da kuma bayan wani takamaiman lokaci saukad da precipitate a kan kasa na tube.

baza

Ina kowa bacteria clostridium botulinum? Saboda haka, "tuntuve" a kan su na iya zama kusan ko'ina. Mafi sau da yawa, wadannan wurare suna zaba domin mazauninsu clostridia:

1. A hanjinsu na kifi, dabbobi, da kuma ko da Shellfish.
2. A kasar gona (kwayoyin don samun tare da faeces).
3. Abinci. Musamman m, a wannan yanayin na mutum ne da kayan lambu, namomin kaza, nama da kifi jita-jita.

A cikin ƙasa tsira mafi muhawara fiye da vegetative siffofin kwayoyin. A spores iya tsira shafe tsawon desiccation, misãlin zuwa -250 ° C, tafasasshen daga daya zuwa shida hours. Kuma ko da a cikin phenol bayani (5%) kwayoyin spores iya zama mai yiwuwa ga 1 rana. Lokacin da ruwan halakar da toxin ga game da minti 10.

kwanciyar hankali

Kamar yadda m ne botulism? Ilimin da shawara cewa, kananan kwayoyin kanta behaves daban, suna a cikin daban-daban jihohi.

1. Spore form. A wannan yanayin, clostridia ne sosai resistant zuwa iri daban-daban na waje canje-canje. A zazzabi na 6 ° C iya rayuwa ga game da wata daya, a reflux na 100 ° C kawai kashe a cikin sa'a daya a zazzabi na 120 ° C - daya rabin awa. A spores ne resistant zuwa daskarewa, fallasa katakanta, bushewa. Amma disinfectants, sa'an nan formalin (20%) bayani iya kashe kwayoyin cutar na kwana biyu, ethyl barasa - watanni biyu, da kuma hydrochloric acid bayani (10%) - sa'a daya.
2. A vegetative form. A wannan jiha, Clostridia ne sosai m. A zazzabi na 80 ° C za a iya kashe a cikin sa'a daya.
3. Amma ga toxin, behaves guda a matsayin vegetative form. A 100 ° C for minti 10, da toxin za a iya neutralized. Barga a wani acidic yanayi, amma za a iya neutralized a alkaline. A cikin gastrointestinal fili na toxin muhimmanci rage ta aiki. Duk da haka, ban da irin E botulism, wanda, a akasin haka, shi ne a cikin mutum gastrointestinal fili a 10 000 sau mafi aiki.

Inda zai yiwu botulism baza? Ilimin, magani ce cewa, mafi yawan marasa lafiya da ake samu a wadannan kasashe inda mutane suna amfani da su cin nama ko gwangwani kifi. Seasonality a cikin wannan hali m. Shi ne kuma m shekaru, jinsi, launi na 'yan Adam fata. Duk iya zama kamuwa.

pathogenesis

Botulism - mai tsanani ci abinci mai guba, wanda zai iya faruwa bayan da amfani da gurbata clostridia ko su gubobi abinci (da toxin aka saki a cikin akwati inda kananan kwayoyin shiga anaerobic yanayi da kuma yana farawa ta mai aiki haifuwa). A mafi muhimmanci shawara a game da cututtuka kamar botulism, shi ne wani neurotoxin. Yana da muhimmanci a ce ya ce shi ne mafi iko duka data kasance nazarin halittu poisons. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, shi ne 375 sau mafi guba da kuma mafi dafin na wani rattlesnake. Idan ka samu guba a cikin tsarki tsari ne kawai a cikin 1 MG zai dauke da har zuwa miliyan 100 na mutuwa allurai da fari awon beraye. Amma ga mutum, sa'an nan kuma mutuwa na iya faruwa bayan ingestion kawai 0,001 MG neurotoxin.

game da neurotoxin

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, da kwayoyin clostridium botulinum asirce iko da kuma m neurotoxin cewa babban mai barazana ba wai kawai ga kiwon lafiya amma ga rayuwa. Ya kamata kuma a ce wannan toxin ne thermostable. Hanji da aka yi masa alama a matsayin prototoksina a kawo hadari kananan kwayoyin sāke bayan sarrafa kananan hanji enzymes. Don guda effects narkewa kamar enzymes barga. Rarrabe: hanzari tunawa a cikin jini, kasancewa riga a cikin gari marinjãya sassa na gastrointestinal fili. Tare da jini shimfidawa ta hanyar jiki, da samun a neuromuscular synapses.

toxin mataki mataki

Ya kamata ka kuma gaya maka cewa botulinum toxin yana da matakai uku na mataki:

1. Reversible mataki (a cikin hali na antitoxic magani). Neurotoxin ta ɗaure su da wani takamaiman tsoka mai amsa sigina.
2. Motsi da toxin a cikin ruwa-ruwa rabo daga cell neuromuscular maha? Ar. Domin wannan mataki, da yawan zafin jiki yana da muhimmanci. The sosai guda mataki ne trudnoobratimoy.
3. Lytic lokaci. A wannan yanayin, rike tubalan toxin cikin tsoka da jijiya toxin. Ga kuma akwai babban bayyanar cututtuka na botulism.

iri botulism

A likita yi bambanta hudu main iri botulism:

1. Abinci, ko classic. Kamuwa faruwa ta cinyewa abinci wanda ya ƙunshi wani toxin.
2. Rauni. Wannan irin cutar da ake dangantawa da ɗan adam mulkin mallaka na rauni surface.
3. Jariri botulism. Wannan pathological kwayoyin cuta na jariri ta hanjinsu.
4. Na bai tabbata rarrabuwa. A wannan yanayin, likitoci ba zai iya cewa don tabbatar da cewa shi ne dalilin kamuwa da cuta da mutum botulism.

game da kamuwa da cuta

Kazalika akwai wani mutum da cutar botulism? Ta yaya ne da kamuwa da cuta? Da farko ya kamata a lura da cewa ba shi yiwuwa a zama kamuwa da clostridia daga mutum. Duk da haka, kananan kwayoyin shiga cikin jikin mutum ta hanyar da abincin da aka gurbata da kamuwa da ƙasa ko faeces. Bugu da ari, ga zargin da cuta, da kwayoyin cuta ne ma yanayi na musamman da ake bukata. Saboda haka, idan tattara kafin shan abinci aiki, a kananan kwayoyin spore nan take ya jũya a cikin wani tsari wanda shi ne sosai resistant zuwa sosai high yanayin zafi. Bayan dafa spores fara motsa a wani vegetative jihar, kuma a lokacin da akwai wani kasafi clostridia mutuwa toxin. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa kananan kwayoyin ne tsoron wani bude oxygen. Maimaita dumama abinci ma, ba su iya kashe pathogenic kwayoyin (da ake bukata domin ta hallaka zafin jiki na game da 750 ° C). Next gurbata abinci shiga cikin jikin mutum, da kuma cutar bayyana kanta quite da sauri.

shiryawa zamani

Botulinum toxin bayan shigar jiki farawa ta yi aiki nan da nan. Wannan na faruwa a farko 8-22 sa'o'i bayan amfani da gurbata abinci. Duk da haka, da talakawan lokaci -10-12 hours.

The asibiti hoto da cutar

Menene ya faru da jikin mutum bayan kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar wannan bacteria? Saboda haka, a farkon bayyanar cututtuka ne kama da gastroenteritis (kumburi da mucous membranes na kananan hanji da kuma ciki). Babban bayyanar cututtuka da sa botulism bacteria:

1. Ciki zafi, zai fi dacewa a cikin cibiya. A zafi zai karu, baza.
2. A zafin jiki yawanci ba da tashi.
3. A kujera ne har zuwa 20 sau da rana. Na iya zama na ruwa, copious, a cikin nau'i na shinkafa broth.
4. A general wani rauni na jiki.
5. Amai.

Amai da m stools iya kai ga duka dehydration. A irin wannan yanayi, zai iya bayyana convulsions, akwai wani sakamako na wrinkles a kan fuskarsa da sauran fata. Mafi sau da yawa, da cututtuka bace bayan kamar wata kwana. A mutum yana zaton cewa mashi al'ada hanji mura. Amma shi ma ya faru da cewa ba duk don haka mai kyau da kuma azumi kare. A wasu lokuta, mutum na iya samun kujera da amai da jini, a lokaci guda zai iya zama sosai ciwo mai tsanani. Duk iya kawo karshen ko mutuwa saboda abin da ya faru na hanji necrosis.

annobar cutar

Inda za ka iya sau da yawa kama da wata cũta, kamar botulism? Photo foci a multiplicity na kamuwa da cuta, amma kuma mafi sau da yawa shi ne Catering kamfanoni, musamman idan mutum ya ci dabba sunadaran.

rigakafin

Abin da shirinsu na iya kare mutane daga kamuwa da cuta da wannan bacteria?

1. Za a iya kashe botulism tafasar. Saboda haka, kafin shan wani abincin gwangwani, shi ne mafi kyau ga tafasa don game da minti 15. Wannan zai taimaka da toxin durkushe. Za ka kuma ba zai iya cinye abincin gwangwani, da murfi na wanda ya kumbura.
2. A kwayoyin haddasa botulism, ya mutu a low yanayin zafi. Idan akwai, nama da kifi abinci kafin dafa abinci ne mafi kyau ga daskare. Adana su a matsayin mafi kyau a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa + 10 ° C.
3. Musamman dole ne a bi a hankali namomin kaza. To, yãya daidai suke iya zama barbashi gurbata ƙasa clostridia.
4. Mutanen da suka ci wannan abinci da rashin lafiya tare da botulism, ya zama karkashin kulawa na likitoci. Har ila yau, ya kamata su a matsayin m gwargwado shiga cikin amniotic protivobotulinicheskuyu magani da kuma chelators.

Outlook

A wannan zai iya kawo karshen wannan cuta, kamar botulism? Photos of tsohon marasa lafiya ne daban-daban. Wannan shi ne yadda za a rabu da cutar mutane da gawawwaki. A karshe labari ne kawai zai yiwu idan haƙuri ba samar dace dace kula. Ba tare da lura, botulism daukan wani mutum rayuwar a 30-60% na lokuta.