Contrainsular hormones: inji na mataki, iri

Nazarin hormonal tsari na jiki ke tsunduma a cikin kimiyya - Endocrinology. Bugu da kari, wannan inji na mataki na nazarin halittu mahadi ta'allaka a fagen magani kamar Biochemistry. Duka wadannan sciences ne musamman da muhimmanci, saboda hormones da yawa daban-daban tsoma, wajibi ne ga al'ada aiki. Yana da wadannan abubuwa ne ke da alhakin duk wani nau'i na metabolism a cikin jiki (carbohydrate, gina jiki, mai). Saboda wannan akwai rarraba makamashi gina jiki da ake bukata domin ya raya rai. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci hormones ne insulin. Kamar yadda ka sani, a lokacin da gazawar wani take hakkin carbohydrate metabolism da kuma ci gaban ciwon sukari. Bugu da kari, babu kasa mai muhimmanci, suna contrainsular ji ba gani. Suna kuma da ake bukata domin tabbatar da musayar abubuwa. Bugu da kari, kowane daga cikin wadannan nazarin halittu mahadi aikin ta aiki.

Contrainsular hormones - abin da yake da shi?

Kamar yadda aka sani, da hormone insulin da ake bukata don sarrafa glucose matakan. Idan ya aka saki a cikin kananan yawa, ko ba sani da rabe, sa'an nan mutum tasowa ciwon sukari. Ya kamata ka kuma sani cewa shi ne m ba kawai drawback, amma wani wuce haddi na wannan nazarin halittu abu. Don inactivate shi a jiki, akwai contrainsular ji ba gani, kuma ba daya ba, amma da dama. su duk da daban-daban effects a kan carbohydrate metabolism. Duk da haka, kowace daga cikinsu take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a insulin maida hankali a cikin jini. Kowace daga cikin wadannan hormones da aka samar a cikin "da" jiki. Domin nazarin halittu jamiái wuraren data kayayyakin sun hada da pancreas da kuma thyroid gland shine yake, adrenal gland, kwakwalwa da kuma testes.

makoman

Kontrinsulyarnyh hormone - wani abu da yake zama dole don samar da carbohydrate metabolism a cikin jiki. Its mataki ne da nufin a rike al'ada glucose matakan. Bugu da kari, kowane kontrinsulyarnyh hormone ne alhakin da kansa aiki, ba a hade tare da metabolism. Al'ada jini glucose matakin jeri daga 3.3 zuwa 5.5 mmol. Idan insulin ne ke da alhakin tabbatar da cewa sugar maida hankali bai ƙãra, ta antagonists ne zama dole ya kula da ƙananan iyaka na wannan nuna alama. Tare da rage a jini glucose matakan faruwa a kawo hadari ga jikin yanayin - qarancin ruwa. An halin asarar ƙarfi, rage hawan jini, tachycardia da tsãwa. Idan mutum ba shi da lokacin da za a taimaka, da qarancin ruwa da zai iya kai ga coma. Don kauce wa wannan, bukatar ji ba gani, da matakin gyara na insulin. Wadannan abubuwa a cikin jiki da ɗan.

jinsunan

Contrainsular hormones ne nazarin halittu abubuwa saki da daban-daban endocrine gland. Bugu da kari a kansa ayyuka na kowane daga cikin wadannan mahadi ne iya tsara carbohydrate metabolism. Duk da haka, domin a kula da jini glucose matakan ne na al'ada, dole zuwa aiki na dukan waɗannan abubuwa. A nazarin halittu fili ne an antagonist na insulin, ya kasu kashi da wadannan kungiyoyin:

1. Thyroid ji ba gani. Wadannan sun hada da thyroxine.
2. Abubuwa saki cortical da medullary yadudduka na adrenal gland. Wakilai na wannan kungiyar - cortisol da adrenaline.
3. Sth. Yana tsaye a waje a cikin pituitary gland shine yake.
4. Contrainsular hormone secreted da endocrine pancreas. Wannan nazarin halittu fili ne glucagon.
5. Testosterone. An samar a cikin adrenal bawo, kuma a cikin maza gonads - testes.

Kowace daga cikin wadannan hormones secreted "kansa" endocrine gland shine yake. Duk da haka, suna kayyade ta hypothalamic-pituitary tsarin, located a cikin kwakwalwa.

Contrainsular hormones: inji na mataki a cikin jiki

Duk da cewa duk antagonists na insulin shafi carbohydrate metabolism, inji na mataki daban-daban daga gare su. A nan da nan sakamako a kan jini glucose matakan yana glucagon. Wannan hormone da aka samar da pancreas kullum. Duk da haka, idan jini glucose maida hankali rage-rage, mugunya na abu ne inganta. Its inji na aikin kunshi a gaskiyar cewa shi rinjayar da hanta Kwayoyin. Godiya ga wannan ɓangare na ajiye stock na glucose da aka saki da kuma shiga cikin jini. A irin wannan inji na aikin lura a ci gaban sauran contrainsular hormones - adrenaline. A adrenal bawo kasaftawa glucocorticoids. Tare da kasawa da sukari a cikin jini, wadannan hormones inganta ta kira a salon salula matakin, cewa shi ne, gubar da samuwar glucose daga amino acid. Thyroid hormones kara da sakamako na adrenaline. Somatotropin yana kontrinsulyarnyh sakamako kawai a cikin manyan yawa, sau da yawa a cikin shimfiɗar jariri (a lokacin girma).

Hulda da pancreatic hormones

A pancreas ne Babban jiki na endocrine tsarin shafi carbohydrate metabolism. Ta aikin biyu endocrine da secretory aiki. Anatomically, da endocrine ɓangare na pancreas ne wutsiya. A cikinsa akwai irin abokai matsayin tun fil azal na Langerhans. Kwayoyin na wadannan yankuna ne daga ilimin Halittar Jiki alhakin mugunya nau'i nau'i na ji ba gani. Ɓangare na tsibirin secretes insulin. Sauran Kwayoyin samar da hormone "glucagon". Samuwar kuma saki a cikin jini na wani abu musababin matakin glucose. Mafi yawa daga cikin sugar maida hankali ne sigina na insulin samarwa. Yadda aka saba, wannan hormone kula da jini glucose a dama matakin, hana shi daga mafitar. Yana da wani antagonist na insulin, glucagon, wanda, a akasin haka, shi ne alhakin da a saki sukari cikin jini. Hadewa aikin na pancreas hormone tabbatar al'ada carbohydrate metabolism a cikin jiki. Idan ta secretory aiki ne sosai ga wani dalili, zo da taimakon wasu gabbai na endocrine tsarin.

Kontrinsulyarnyh samar da hormones da adrenal gland

insulin antagonists rayayye samar a cikin adrenal gland. Wadannan gabobi da biyu yadudduka. A kowane daga cikin wadannan hormones suna kafa. A adrenal bawo contrainsular sakamako da androgens da glucocorticoids. A farko taimako ƙara da matakin na sukari a cikin hanyoyi biyu. A wakilin wannan kungiya - da hormone cortisol. Yana qara yawan enzymes zama dole a maida amino acid don ya glucose. A ci gaba da sakamako na cortisol ne da ikon fitarwa "kayan gini" na sugars daga tsoka nama. Saboda haka, aiki hormone accelerates glyukoneonegeza tsari. Bugu da kari ga cortisol a cikin bawo samar androgens. Wadannan hormones ne steroid abubuwa. Su main aiki ne da samuwar sakandare jima'i halaye. Bugu da kari, sun shafi cikin metabolism sunadaran da kuma carbohydrates. A adrenal medulla aka hada contrainsular hormones - adrenaline. Idan saki ga jini glucose maida hankali ne ta ƙara.

Crank: sakamako a kan carbohydrate metabolism

A hormone adrenaline aka sani ba kawai ga likitoci. Mutane da yawa san cewa abu da aka saki a cikin jini a lokacin tsananin gajiya ko tsoro. Lalle ne, adrenaline ne sau da yawa hade tare da tsoro ba. A hankula mayar da martani ga wannan hormone saki ne locomotor aiki, ya karu da zuciya rate, dilation na ƴan. Har ila yau, wannan abu da aka hada a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma amfani da magani. Bugu da kari ga kunnawa da cardiac aiki, adrenaline ne sakamako a kan carbohydrate metabolism, watau yana da kontrinsulyarnyh sakamako. Its inji na mataki a cikin wadannan hanyoyi:

1. Ya taimaka wa hanzari na gluconeogenesis.
2. Ana rinjayar da rashin lafiya na glycogen a kwarangwal tsoka. Wannan mataki na adrenaline ne mafi pronounced.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin sharuddan na wani tunanin zaman lafiya hormone bã ya ƙãra jini glucose yawa. Kamar yadda ta watsi ba ya karu a hyperglycemia. A wannan shi ya bambanta daga inji na mataki na glucagon. Sigina don fita adrenaline ne wani tunanin da tashin hankali, danniya.

Testosterone: The ayyuka a cikin jiki

Testosterone - da hormone kontrinsulyarnyh, wanda aka samar da namiji gonads. Har ila yau, a kananan adadin nazarin halittu steroid hada a cikin adrenal bawo. kara tsoka taro, kashi girma, kunnawa da ma'ana da kuma erythropoiesis: Wadannan effects ne babban ayyuka na testosterone. Bugu da kari, da hormone qara tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin jiki, ciki har da carbohydrate. Bisa kididdigar da, da rage masana kimiyya, maza da suka yi yawa testosterone cikin jinin, sun kasa yiwuwa da ciwon sukari da kuma kiba.

Wanne daga contrainsular hormones ne karfi?

Shakka ba zai iya amsa tambaya, abin da yake mafi iko contrainsular ji ba gani. Dukkan wadannan halittu abubuwa shafi karuwa a jini glucose matakan da kuma ƙara da metabolism na carbohydrates. A mataki na kowane daga cikin wadannan hormones ne kishiyar sakamako na insulin. Duk da haka, wanda abu ne mai antagonist zuwa mafi girma har ya dogara da taro na musamman fili. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, ya fi iko hormone glucagon za a iya kira. Tare da kara thyroid wannan abu zama thyroxine, tare da adrenal marurai - cortisol ko adrenaline.