Cututtuka na Iris. Irises: Care a bude filin

Wadannan kyawawan furanni kamar irises, kauna kuma yadu horar da growers da kuma lambu a daban-daban na halitta da kuma yanayin bangarori na duniya tamu. Iri na shuke-shuke saba da dama yanayi kafa, da kuma dogara ne a kan wadannan shayarwa, Mun halitta mai dadi iri-iri. Daban-daban na furanni, musamman na kula da kiwo, kazalika a kan abin da kwari da cututtuka irises ake samu, wannan labarin zai gaya.

Wa ya ba shi sunan?

Famous tsoho Greek Falsafa da kuma likita Hippocrates bayyana flower domin bambancin da ta launuka a cikin girmamawa ga aljanna Iris. Ita ce ta, kamar bakan-gizo, wadda ta ha sama da ƙasa, yana shelar nufin mutane na alloli. Bugu da kari, a cikin d ¯ Greek harshe "Iris" nufi, sama da dukan, da bakan gizo, sa'an nan da sunan flower. A cikin XVIII karni halittu Karl Linney, don ƙirƙirar guda tsarin na rarrabuwa da kuma sunayen shuke-shuke, Iris rike tsoho sunan. Kafin mu yi magana game da abin da zai iya shafar Iris cututtuka da kuma karin kwari, a takaice tattauna da nazarin halittu halaye na wannan shuka.

Botanical description

Wadannan furanni kamar Iris, wanda aka fi sani a matsayin lambu Pivnik ko Iris, suna da wani iyali na Iris. Matsayin mai mulkin ne a perennial rhizomatous, amma akwai klubnelukovichnye shuke-shuke. A mu band sun fi na kowa wakilan rhizomatous Iris, quite unpretentious a kula, kuma Yanã ƙuƙuntãwa ruwa-m. Iris lambu suranta wani lokacin farin ciki rhizome cewa zaune zurfin ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma sau da yawa bulging fita daga gare ta, tare da yalwa da lafiya threadlike asalinsu. Flat ganyen wannan flower ne m da kuma gwada m, an rufe shi da wani whitish waxy Bloom xiphoides form. Mai iri irises suka girma a fan-dimbin yawa bim. Flowers irises, dasa da kuma kula da aka gudanar bisa tare da peculiarities na shuke-shuke, Bloom daga marigayi spring zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni.

Features furanni

Kowane irin Iris furanni suna shirya a kan wani m da karfi peduncle. A mafi yawan lokuta, guda furanni, amma an kuma samu a kananan inflorescences. Canza launi na iya zama sosai bambancin - daga tsarki da fari zuwa kusan baki. Yau, akwai iri, da furanni na wanda ake fentin a biyu ko fiye da launuka. Hada da wani flower Iris na shida, da kuma wani lokacin uku petals, da ciki da kuma m rabo daga abin da ya bambanta a siffar, size da kuma launi. Bayan flowering, da shuka bada 'ya'ya - Ribbed triangular elongated akwatin a cikinsa akwai game da 20 manyan brownish tsaba.

Abin da iri?

Ministan harkokin wajen shayarwa da kuma growers an raba Iris duk tsire-tsire girma a gidãjen Aljanna, a kan 13 babbar kungiyoyin, ko da yake wasu yi imani da cewa akwai game da 17. A kasar shi ne m zuwa subdivide cikin lambu siffofin Iris (Iris) a kan wadannan 10 babban kungiyoyin:

• bearded.
• Siberian.
• Japan.
• remontant.
• arilbredy da aryl.
• hari.
• Louisiana.
• Evans.
• Shuke-shuke da Pacific Coast.
• kadan da aka sani.

Wannan rarrabuwa ne da gaske zama dole, amma a talakawa rai sanya mafi sauki da kuma bayyana rabo daga rhizomatous irises cikin kungiyoyin biyu: da bearded da neborodatye. Mai prevalent a cikin gidãjen Aljannar ne manyan, elegantly fentin da wakilan bearded irises. Wadannan sun hada da mutane da yawa irin abin da ake kira Jamus tsayi bearded irises.

A bambanci ga bearded irises, a kan ƙananan petals na wanda shi ne "gemu" na contrasting masu launin villi, neborodatye irin wannan kayan ado ba. Wannan kungiyar hada da wadannan iri irises:

- Siberian (I. sibirica).

- Fadama (I. pseudacorus), wanda kuma ake kira lozhnoairovym.

- Japan (I. japonica).

- Louisiana (I. Louisiana).

- hari (I. spuria).

- California (I. Californian).

Za mu yi kokarin taƙaice fahince kowanne daga wadannan nau'in.

Iris barbata

Bearded Iris ne mafi mashahuri na dukan rukuni na Iris. Don kwanan wata, akwai game da 35,000 na iri, da kuma da dama da sabon kowace shekara. Sunan wannan flower ne saboda da m villi located a kan ƙananan petals. Mutane da yawa irin zane "Barb" da bambanci da babban launi daga cikin flower, hada da shida petals. Height bearded Iris ne zuwa kashi uku kungiyoyin:

1. High - fiye da 0.7 mita.
2. Average tsawo - daga 0.4 zuwa 0.7 m.
3. Low, wanda tsayinsa bai wuce 40 cm.

Launi na furanni ne duka monotonous da kuma a hade. A rukuni na bearded irises ne da Iris germanica.

Siberian Iris

Ba kamar Hardy kuma undemanding cikin sharuddan jinsunan na Siberian Iris, da iri samu dangane da shi, da hakan da bukatar zafi da haske. Shuke-shuke da wannan kungiya zai iya girma har zuwa 1 mita tsawo. Ganye ne narrower fiye da bearded, kuma suna da wani m launi. Varietal wakilan zo a cikin launi daban-daban da kuma Bloom a marigayi spring. Za ka iya karba a sa haka cewa flowering zai ci gaba har zuwa karshen watan Yuli. Cututtuka na horar da irises, kuma ya ba ji tsoron high quality, da kuma kwaro infestation shi ne quite rare.

Lozhnoairovy (fadama) Iris

Bayyana da zinariya-rawaya, tare da kananan ruwan kasa 'shãfi', furanni a marigayi May - farkon Yuni. Wannan irin irises tsiro da kyau a cikin kududdufi, har zuwa 40 cm, kududdufai, da kuma a kan su iyakoki. Yana tsiro da kyau a rana, ko a cikin m inuwa.

A tsakiyar sashi na wadannan iri irises, kamar California, Louisiana, Japan da kuma hari ne rare, kamar yadda aka saba da mu yanayi kadan iri, da kuma su ne, ta nagarta na rarity, ba cheap.

Flowers irises: dasa da kuma kula

Siyan irises, shi wajibi ne don saka abin da irin da ka saya, saboda shi rinjayar da zabi na wuri domin dasa. Mafi zamani iri biyu bearded da neborodatyh irises fi son rana, dumi, tattarã daga iska. Duk da haka, nau'i irin fadama, santsi da kuma bristly ne shuka danshi-m. Bayar da kuma fadama irises da kuma irin ci gaba a kan su akai, shi ne shawarar zuwa kasa a cikin kududdufi wucin gadi tafkunan da bristly - a kan flooded gaba, ko a cikin rigar Shefela.

Sauran iri irises ana shuka a tsakiyar zone a spring ko kaka, da kuma mafi m lokaci ne karshen lokacin rani - na farko makonni na kaka. Kafin dasa da rhizomes na wadannan furanni, kasar gona ya kamata a dug ga zurfin 20 - 30 cm, kazalika da yin phosphorous-potash da nitrogen taki da kuma humus. Bayan kasancewa dasa irises, da barin a bude ƙasa a bãyansu ne na yau da kullum watering da barbarar, cire weeds kamar yadda ake bukata.

Wurin zama, wadannan tsire-tsire ya zama kowane uku zuwa shekaru biyar, a matsayin wani ɓaɓɓake daga rhizome tsiro tilasta fita zuwa surface. Saboda wannan da rage yawan wadata yanki, kuma suka gushe Bloom. Yana iya ma ta kai ga ci gaban da cutar irises.

Yadda za a ninka?

Wadannan perennial shuke-shuke za a iya karbe biyu da tsaba da kuma vegetatively. Seed Hanyar amfani da kiwo aiki da kuma samu irin wannan hanya da tsire-tsire Bloom a 2-3 shekaru.

Sauki kuma mafi araha hanyar kiwo irises - vegetative, inda rootstock uwa shuka da aka raba da daga baya ya samu mãkirci ana shuka a cikin ƙasa. Repot da kuma raba wannan perennial mafi kyau bayan biyu ko uku makonni bayan flowering. Dasa mãkirci surface da kuma dan kadan karkata - don haka da cewa tip na rhizome ne sama da ƙasa. Too zurfin dasa iya tsokana da ci gaban da cutar Iris furanni da kuma ko da sa mutuwarsu. Samu ta wannan hanya da tsire-tsire Bloom a cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa.

Bayyanar cututtuka na cututtuka da kuma su kula da

Mai shuke-shuke da wannan kungiyar ne fairly resistant zuwa cuta, amma ya fi karfinsu da yanayi da kuma daban-daban raunin rhizome irises wadannan cututtuka na iya faruwa:

1. Geterosporioz (septoria tabo), wanda bayyana kanta a cikin nau'i na rawaya spots daban-daban-sized, da ka rarraba kan dukan surface lamina. Tare da kara ci gaba da cutar spots juya launin ruwan kasa da kuma ci a cikin daya. A shuka ya dubi rauni, talauci Bloom da ganye bushe fita. Geterosporioz tasowa tare da wata kasawa a cikin ƙasa alli da phosphorus. Its ci gaban na iya haifar da dadewa ruwa weather da kuma ta raka high zafi. Daga cutar Iris furanni a farkon matakai taimaka sprayings 0.4% bayani daga colloidal sulfur , ko 0,3% na jan karfe oxychloride.
2. Bacteriosis (rigar rot) - mafiya hatsari cuta, kamar yadda tasowa quite da sauri. A farko "ãyõyi" da cuta ne yellowing da bushewa da ganye. Sa'an nan, dangane da "fan", sa'an nan ya shafa rhizome rot da halayyar m wari. A sabili da bacteriosis iya zama daidai ba saukowa - wuce kima shigar azzakari cikin farji ko kuma duhu da kuma waterlogging wuri. A farko alamar shan kashi da wannan cuta da kuma bukatar su yi ta tono sama da shuka a cire shafa ɓangare na rhizome. Tsari wuri "ayyukan" potassium permanganate, sa'an nan da wani girma stimulant. Bayan wannan rhizome ne da bushe, sa'an nan sauka dabam daga sauran shuke-shuke a bushe ƙasa, da hankali kada a binne.
3. Fusarium. A wannan cuta, da Iris ci gaba da girma da kuma ko Bloom, amma ganye fatsifatsi a farko, sa'an nan kuma juya launin ruwan kasa. Don hana ci gaban da cuta, kafin dasa rhizome disinfect fundazol a 0.2% bayani ga rabin awa. Idan muka buga a flowering shuka ne a karkashin ruwa guda rootstock fundazol bayani.
4. Leaf spotting iya faruwa saboda matalauta yanayin yanayi. A farko alamun - spots na launi daban-daban da kuma girman da ganye. Noticing su nan da nan feshi da waxannan cututtukan shuka ne 0.3% bayani na jan karfe oxychloride ko 1% Bordeaux ruwa abun da ke ciki.

furanni kwari

Iya shafan da Iris cututtuka da kuma kwari. Daga cikin kwari ne:

• Cricket, farin ciki wadda take cin rhizomes. Don magance shi ba za ka iya amfani da musamman koto katsin, bisne su a cikin ƙasa a kusa da dasa irises.
• Kasatikovaya (hunturu) diba. Caterpillars wannan kwaro feed a kan rhizomes da kuma manya gnaw tushe na mai tushe. Irin wannan hari na taimaka wa ci gaban bacteriosis irises. A cikin tsawon aiki girma na launuka zama dole don feshi su abinci mai ɗaci tsame: 10 lita, daga ruwan zãfi gilashin sa itace ash, kowane tablespoon na ruwa da sabulu da kuma 300 g na ganye. Container da bayani murfin kuma barin zuwa infuse 5-6 hours. Nan da nan bayan da amfani ga spraying. Zaka kuma iya amfani da dama na nazarin halittu da kayayyakin da ake sayar a sana'a Stores.
• Iris flower yarinya kamã da mafi talakawa gardama, sai ku ciyar da hunturu a cikin ƙasa, amma a cikin bazara ta na jan gindi da kuma kayansa mãsu ta qwai a cikin buds. Yana haka rinjayar da irises. Cututtuka na buds, kuma ga mutuwar ne saboda ciki da rayayye ciyar da larvae. Buga ta toho rot, kuma, ba shakka, an ba narkar. Masana sun bayar da shawarar a tabbatar da su bi duk tsire-tsire da bayyanar da ganye, kazalika a farkon matakai na dake tasowa musamman kwari. Shafi buds kamata nan da nan kashe karya, kuma ya halaka.

Bugu da kari a wadannan kwari, irises iya shafi slugs, da May irin ƙwaro, wireworms, daban-daban thrips jinsin da kuma nematodes.