Misalai counterculture. A ra'ayi da kuma aiki na counterculture

Karkashin subculture tana nufin wani musamman takamaiman hanyarsa ta rayuwa, bisa ganin na da na halitta mutum bukatun cikin sirri ci gaba, kai-magana, fahimta da nasu makoma.

Kowane subculture wanzu a waje da zamantakewa tsarin ko da siyasa da tattalin arziki. Saboda haka, shi ne kawai don a kananan har da kayan haddasawa da kuma haƙiƙa dalilai zama. Tare da latin lokaci nufin "subculture". Manufarta shi ne cewa shi ne daban-daban daga rinjaye.

Ãyõyin subculture da counterculture

Su dako ma kasaftawa zuwa wata} kungiyar. Bambance-bambance za a iya bayyana, a madadin tsarin dabi'u, musamman harshen, demeanor, da sauransu. Daban-daban Subcultures za a iya kafa a kan tushen da kabilanci, na kasa, masu sana'a ko wani al'umma.

Kuma cewa ma ya hada da mas'ala ta a counterculture? Riga daga definition daya zai iya tsammani cewa wannan shi ne ba talakawa subculture, da kuma cika fuska daban-daban daga rinjaye, da rikici da al'ada dabi'u. Counterculture a adabi da kuma a rayuwa bisa nasu matsayin da kyawawan dabi'u daga cikin wakilan da suka kokarin subvert da al'ada al'umma a cikin shigarwa. Bayyane misalai za a iya daukan wani counterculture matasa kawo canji, a 60s na karni na 20th, da motsi na punks da hippies.

Domin daya daga cikin classic, mafi tsufa, za a iya dangana counterculture underworld. Ana zargin ta saboda da na halitta kadaici da fursunoni bauta wa wani rai saki daga shared dabi'u. A sakamakon, akwai ta halitta da rinjaye counter-al'ada a sosai m iri tare da bayyana matsayi da kyau-tsare dokokin.

A cikin kamance da kuma bambance-bambance a sharuddan

Tun da sittin daga cikin karni na karshe manufar "taro al'adu", "counter-al'adu" da "sub-al'adu" ya fara converge. Sun mutane kokarin gama da na kowa 'maƙiyi', ganin kanta a fuskar al'umma a matsayin dukan ko wasu al'amarin rayuwa. Amma duk da haka tsakanin wadannan ma'anar akwai bambanci. Bari mu dubi babban bambance-bambance da matasa subculture da counterculture kanta.

A farko daga cikin wadannan akwai, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin yanayi na wasan, adawa da manufar "mu" da "su". Shagaltar da wakilan matasa subcultures isasshen sanyata ayyukan. Su burin - don ƙirƙirar your own musamman duniya. Ba su nemi su yi yaƙi da abokan gaba, kuma sau da yawa dauki wani m matsayi.

A ra'ayi presupposes da wanzuwar counter-al'ada a cikin nau'i na wani taron gangami. Yana nufin wanzuwar na kowa, maƙiyi da wanda ya yi yãƙi. Dalili na zama na counterculture ne aiki na mai hallakaswa yanayi, da manufar wanda - wata nasara a kan abokan gaba. Ya zo bude adawa da shi ne a real furucin na yaki maƙiya dabi'u na al'umma.

Galibi, irin wadannan bambance-bambance ne halayyar da kyau siffofin counterculture da kuma matasa subculture. A yi, akwai mutane da yawa matsakaici zabin da hada abubuwa biyu siffofin. A mafi daukan hankali misalai na subculture da counterculture, mun ba da ke ƙasa.

Babban Sanadin matasa subcultures

Yammacin sociologists, binciko fitowan wadannan siffofin zamantakewa rayuwa, duba da asalin a bukatar wani tushen sabon matsayin na hali a layi tare da zamani kalubale. Traditional siffofin al'umma da kuma iyali shi ne ba iya biyan bukatun matasa. Its wakilan, m al'umma sabon abu salon, bayyanar da hali, ba zai iya cimma isasshen magana a fuskar halin yanzu gaskiya.

Duk wani subculture mallaka a yawan halaye cewa kafa m mata. A cikin cibiyar kowane daga cikinsu lalle ne, haƙĩƙa samu wani enterprising naúrar gudanar da akida goyon baya da kuma samar da sabon tunani. Characteristically, da wakilan da wani saurayi subculture, kamar yadda mai mulkin, za a iya samu ne kawai a Metropolitan yankunan da manyan birane. A kananan al'ummomi, na yau da kullum - wani m sabon abu. Sun yawanci kawai kwafa da halayyar halaye, abin da ya sa kwaikwayo na sabani da m na waje.

Abin da ke sa matasan subculture

An sani cewa abin da ya faru na wani taron ko da yaushe yana da matukar takamaiman dalilin da aka tsara don warware wata yawan matsalolin zamantakewa. Abin da, daga wannan ra'ayi, shi ne ma'anar matasa na yau da kullum da ƙungiyoyi? Babban ayyuka na counterculture - m. Wannan Yunƙurin a matsayi na mai tsaurin kai saurayi a kanta idanu da kuma kokarin samun fita daga karkashin parental iko.

Saboda haka, lokacin da ya zauna a karkashin yanayi da kuma a cikin matasa subculture ga wani matashi ya zama mai mulki daga yaro zuwa adult, m ji na rayuwa. An darasi mai muhimmanci cewa tunawa a kan aiwatar da nutsewa a duniya na matasa ƙungiyoyi, - da ci gaba da zama dole zamantakewa dokoki da kuma basira.

Fuskanci wasu siffofin da halayensu, da matasa ko dai ya yarda ko ya qaryata su. Yawanci, da talakawan tsawon juyawa daga cikin saurayi a cikin na yau da kullum yanayi bai wuce shekaru uku.

Me wannan matsakaici haka m

Har ila yau, zauna a cikin tsarin na wani na motsi daukan lokaci matasa su koya musu ga tsarin nasu dama lokaci da kuma, kyakkyawan, kai ga mafi kungiyar.

Ka lura da cewa wani sosai babba yawan matasa ayan rashin fili alama Personal Identity. Mafi yawansu ba su ne a cikin ikon halayya stereotypes, abin da kyakkyawan take kaiwa zuwa da darajõji daga matasa informals. Wani saurayi counterculture ta 80-90% kunshi magoya su yi koyi, ba su iya kare kansu individuality.

A sauki dalilin da contiguity matasa zuwa wakilan wani musamman subculture - bincika mutane da irin wannan imani. Epatage kamar yadda waje halaye, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da na biyu.

Counterculture: rai misalai

Sashe na daga cikin matasa ƙungiyoyi sun sunk zuwa baya. A mafi m misali ne hippie motsi da cewa wanzu a Amurka a cikin 60s na karshe karni. sikelin da aka haka mai girma cewa a wani hippie ƙungiya tare da dubban matasa rayu. Babu sauran subculture daga baya ya gana da irin wannan cohabitation. Hippie free soyayya ra'ayoyi kafa jima'i juyin juya halin na waɗanda shekara.

Dalili na madadin hanyar rayuwa kwarara kafin mu kasance fitowan da wata cibiyar sadarwa na Apartments ( "Flat"), inda kowa da kowa zai iya samun dare ko wucin gadi zama ( "shige"). Cibiyar Social hippie halayyar shi ne negation of gargajiya dabi'u na kewaye da al'umma, manufar wani kallo matsayi, pacifism, jima'i da 'yanci da kuma matsananci asceticism a rayuwar yau da kullum.

Subculture da counterculture a misali na Rasha

Wani misali na rasa subculture cewa wanzu a kasar mu - shi Lubero. Saboda haka abin da ake kira wakilan} ungiyoyin matasa da wani laifi yanayi. Sun bayyana asali a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, a cikin garin Lyubertsy.

A halayyar alama na wannan samara da kanana - mayar da hankali a kan lafiya salon a tare da tare da "gyara" na zamantakewa gaskiya a cikin shekaru na perestroika. Bayyana shi a cikin bin "da xan jama'a" (da rashin gida, shan barasa, karuwai) - da suka kasance sunã dukan tsiya da kuma in ba haka ba slighted.

Bayyanar Lubero yi magana na nan da nan shiri ya shiga cikin fray. Sau da yawa shirya kungiyoyin tafiya zuwa Moscow da wasu birane da kuma shirya kashe, wanda ya zuwa pacify 'yan sanda.

m counterculture

Sauran misalai na subculture da counterculture - ko da "tsanani". Kama zuwa Lubero da zamani m tsattsauran ra'ayi, da aka fundamentally daban-daban matakin na kungiyar da kuma akidarsa (misali, skinheads). Skinheads za a iya dangana ga wata harkar m subculture. Su na farko da wakilan bayyana a Ingila a shekarar 1968, suka "sanar da wits 'annashuwa hippie da miyagun ƙwayoyi addicts.

tufafin "skinhead" sun amince su tare da bukatar daidaita da wa m titi yãƙi: baki m wando, fama takalma da lokacin farin ciki soles don taimaka a yaki, a takaice jacket ba tare da wani abin wuya. Skinhead tufafin da aka kebe wani daki-daki, da barin maƙiyi ga kama (badges, bags, ko da tabarau). Domin wannan manufa aski aski.

Da mabiyan - Rasha skinheads - bayyana a cikin 90s na 20th karni. External halaye ka kofe su daga yammacin "abokan aiki", da akida, da ikon yinsa, daga cikin karfi dangane da Rasha na kasa matsaloli. Wannan subculture za a iya dangana ga mafi m. Skinheads da'awar da hankula ra'ayoyin 'yan Nazi, da barin wani damar da fitina a tsakaninsu. Skinhead akidar dogara ne a kan ra'ayin launin fata tsarki. Su sukan shirya Rikicin daga waɗanda aka yi daban-daban bayyanar (misali, da dogon gashi, launin fata), da kuma wakilan daban-daban jima'i fuskantarwa.

Shaidan magoya

Misalai counterculture quite bambance bambancen. Wani hatsari sabon abu - da ake kira Satanists. Su ne samuwa a raba kwarara daga motsi na kwadago, sõyayya da Church of Shaiɗan ya bauta a farkon nineties a cikin kasar. Satanic subculture yanzu yana da dama jinsin yankunan. Wadannan sun hada da anti-Kirista, dõmin karkatarwa da Littafi Mai Tsarki da kuma aikatawa a Littafi Mai Tsarki dokokinsa m mataki (sau da yawa - zaluntar da kuma halin rushewa).

Wani shugabanci - Orthodox Satanists. Suna jayayya da cewa ikon Shaiɗan, a kan karfi ne daidai da ikon Allah. Suna da nasu ayyukan hajji da kuma ibada, ko da yake da hadayu a cikin wannan yanayi ba yawa ana yi. Development trends a Protestant kasashen.

Akwai Satanists masana falsafa - su ne waɗanda suka yi da kungiyar rajista a hukumance. Wadannan core dabi'u sun hada da indulgence na nasu m bukatun dangane da ra'ayin Nietzsche ta magabacin mutumi. Sauran mabiya wannan rukunan sun fi mayar da haka ne kawai da waje halayen (sa kayan ado da wani inverted giciye, rina su gashi baki).

Sauran matasa trends

akwai wani motsi "Gopnik" A cikin 80s na karni na 20th a cikin kasar. Yana da aka musamman mai yawa daga gare su, a kan talakawan da Volga yankin. Gopnik bayyana kansu makiya da 'yan mafi wasu matasa subcultures - rappers, bikers, hippies da sauransu. Wani na sama zai yi musu dukan tsiya da kuma sata.

Kamar yadda sauran, kasa hatsari wakilan matasa subcultures za a iya gani kwallon kafa magoya. A tsakiyar aka yarda rabo tsakanin magoya na daban-daban wasanni clubs.

Wakilai na wata kwarara - punks. Koyi su sauƙi da halayyar hankali: fata jackets, hujin, m hairstyles. A kansa ne mafi sau da yawa flaunts da classic mohawk ko aski da shi m.

Punks koyi da kuka fi so dutse kida da hooligans, abin sha, hayaki sako, da wuya wanke, a cikin ni'imar da ra'ayin rashin tsari. Su main slogan: "Babu nan gaba." Mummunan zato fandare akidar damar da su zuwa bayyana kansu a cikin matsananci siffofin tashin hankali, barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi zagi. Misalai fandare counterculture - mafi yiwuwa hankula tsakanin matasa na yau da kullum gudana.

Interest kungiyoyin

Wakilai daga sauran subcultures tare ta hanyar sadaukar da wani salon. A karin misalin wannan - bikers (motorcyclists). Sun zama a cikin, musamman duniya - duniya tafi a babban gudun.

Amma akwai wasu misalai na counterculture, misali, cikin ikon yinsa, na hip hop. Wannan shi ne wani hadadden ga al'adu da ilimi. Yana hada da wani dance yi a wani musamman style (hutu dance ko rap) craze na rubutu a bango, streetball (titi kwallon kafa), mirgina (tàkalmin taya a wani m).

Height da magoya na hip hop-al'adun koshin lafiya matasa. Matasa shagaltar da kwayoyi da barasa, ya fara gasa a titi dance kuma wasanni. Duk wadannan ayyukan bukatar babba motsa jiki da jini, wanda yake shi ne m da kiwon lafiya da kuma addictions.

Wani daraja ambata for Mahaka. Saboda haka muna kira da waɗanda suka gudanar da bincike a karkashin kasa utilities. "The mazaunan birnin kogwanni" ciyar lokaci a cikin m labyrinth, suna kewaye da wani Aura na sirri, ba su neman daraja ko fadada nasu darajoji.

Game da Aiki

Shin akwai m misalai na counterculture? Zai yiwu daya daga cikin mafi m m, m da kuma harkar amfaninsa cikin wakilan za a iya daukarsa a matsayin rawar da 'yan wasan. Su wanene su? Wadannan sun hada da mutanen da suke da dukan free lokaci don su bada ka sake wasu tarihi ko wallafe-wallafen zamanin. Wannan sake enactors, animeshniki, kazalika da sauran irin wannan al'umma.

Su aikin ke a matsayin kafa a bude iska Theatrical wasanni, kazalika da m ko birane rawar-Playing games. The mabiya wannan yunkuri a kai a kai tsara tarihi reenactment ko bukukuwa, da tsunduma a doki hawa, wasan zorro, da kuma janar jiki horo.

Sun soma nasu jam'iyyun don dalili na sadarwa da kuma neman kamar shiryayye mutane. A babbar roko na rawar-Playing wasanni ne da ikon tserewa daga yau da kullum gaskiya da kuma ganin na kerawa. Daga cikin rolevikov saukin samun sa a kan tufafi da aka zaba style (tarihi, na da style na Wild West). 'Yan mata suna iya zabi na da ko romantic kaya.

Daga cikin rolevikov sosai raya wasu sifofi, musamman tsakanin magoya na Tolkien. M ayyukansu na fantasy Genre - wani irin counter-al'ada a cikin adabi, samar da magoya bayan wata babbar sarari ga wasan.

Music kuma stuff

Har yanzu yana da daraja ambata motsi mobbers (fleshmobberov). Sun shirya gajere mataki, shirya aiwatar ta hanyar yanar-gizo, ta hanyar abin da rajista a kan wani site da masu amfani da aka aiko daidai lokacin da umarnin, wuri da kuma yanayi na gaba flash yan zanga-zanga.

A yawa na subcultures dangane da takamaiman m dandani. Akwai magoya na kungiyar "Alice", Viktor Tsoi (kungiyar "Cinema"). Magoya ayan yi koyi da wani fi so tuni a cikin karami cikakken bayani game da bayyanar.

Musamman ga - karfe, wakiltar wani tartsatsi na yau da kullum subculture. "Tã" music sauraro yanzu, sosai, da yawa. Gama magoya na "m karfe" a kan wani na kowa alama wadannan kwanaki yana da wahala, kamar yadda su ne daban-daban.

Mai motsa rai da Goth

Wasu fi so music, da kuma wakilan matasa da ƙungiyoyi kamar yadda mai motsa rai. An yi imani da cewa daya daga cikinsu m matasa tare da m haukan, kuma Ya ƙãra emotionality cewa Highlights wani musamman halayyar tufafi da kayan shafa. Wani, daban-daban daga mai motsa rai al'adu - da Goths. Yana magoya na mutuwa, lalata, suka yi a can mallaki musamman music, halayyar ilmi, dauke da furta theatricality.

"Dark Romance" sa a cikin gaba daya raba al'adu halin yanzu tare da wani hali depressive-romantic view of zama. Classic Goth rufe, batun melancholy, ya yi daidai na ciki. Wannan dabba, wanda shi ne dan hanya da na kowa alamu na hali. Mai wakilan dress na musamman a baki, guda launi rina gashin kansu, lebe da kuma kusoshi.

Cikakken jerin duk halin yanzu data kasance bambancin da subcultures ba zai yiwu. Counterculture da subcultures - bangarorin biyu na guda dukan. Bã su da yawa a cikin na kowa da kuma iya yi yardatayya da canza zuwa juna. Nau'in wani daga cikin counterculture da subculture wajen dangi, saboda al'ada m ne duka-duka unacceptable. Dalili na da wani daga cikin counter-al'adu - don kula da individuality na ta dako.