Derzhavin kerawa. Innovation a cikin ayyukan Derzhavina

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (1743-1816) - an yi fice a Rasha mawãƙi 18th - farkon karni na 19th. Derzhavin ta aikin da aka gawurtaccen a mutunta mutane da yawa da ya bar wani gagarumin alama a cikin tarihin kasar mu ta adabi, shafi don ta kara ci gaba.

Rayuwa da Works of Derzhavin

Karanta wannan rayuwa ce ta Derzhavin, shi iya lura da cewa, farkon shekaru na marubuci ba ya nuna cewa ya aka qaddara zama babban mutum, kuma mai tsananin haske bidi'a.

Gavrila Romanovich aka haife shi a 1743 a Kazan lardin. The iyali na gaba marubuci ya sosai uneventful, amma mallakar nobility.

farkon shekaru

Kamar yadda wani yaro, Derzhavin ya jimre mutuwar mahaifinsa, ko da kara iyali ta kudi halin da ake ciki. Uwar da tafi babban tsawo don tabbatar da cewa 'ya'yansa biyu, da kuma bayar da su a kalla wasu da ilimi da kuma horo. Good malamai a lardin, inda iyalin rayu, ba haka ba ne sosai, ya sa har da wadanda suke iya hayan. Duk da wuya halin da ake ciki, matalauta kiwon lafiya, m malamai, Derzhavin, godiya ga ikon da kuma juriyarsu, har yanzu gudanar a samu wani mai kyau ilimi.

soja sabis

Har yanzu dalibi na Kazan dakin motsa jiki, da mawãƙi ya rubuta na farko waqe. Duk da haka, don kammala karatu a makarantar sakandare, ya ba su yi nasara. Gaskiyar cewa clerical kuskure aikata by wasu jami'an, ya kai ga cewa saurayin mai shekara a farkon aiko domin soja sabis a Petersburg, a Preobrazhensky rajimanti, a wani talakawa soja matsayi. Kawai goma shekaru daga baya, ya ya iya har yanzu kai ga daraja da jami'in.

Tare da enlistment rayuwa da kuma aiki na ƙwarai Derzhavin canza. Long sabis bar kadan lokacin da wallafe-wallafen aiki, amma, duk da wannan, a cikin yakin shekaru Derzhavin rubuta da yawa m waqe da karatu da ayyuka na daban-daban mawallafa, cikinsu har da Jami'ar, na wanda ya ke musamman girmamawa da kuma dauke da wani abin koyi. Jamus shayari kuma janyo hankalin Derzhavin. Ya san Jamus da aka tsunduma a translation cikin Rasha da kuma Jamus kasida a nasu waqe sau da yawa ya dogara da su.

Duk da haka, yayin da Gavrila Romanovich ya ba tukuna gani ta main manufa a cikin shayari. Ya aspired zuwa soja aiki zuwa sabis na mahaifarsa da kuma inganta da kayan halin da ake ciki na iyali.

A 1773-1774 gg. Derzhavin dauki bangare a suppressing da tawaye Emelyana Pugacheva, amma kiwon da kuma amincewa da su abin yabo, kuma ba su yi. Bayan samu matsayin diyya kawai ɗari uku rayuka, an dakatar. Wasu lokaci yanayi ya tilasta masa ya yi rai ba quite gaskiya hanya - Playing cards.

watsuwar iyawa

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a wannan lokacin, da seventies, da basira a karon farko bude har da gaske. "Chatalagayskie Ode" (1776) janyo hankalin da amfani masu karatu, amma ir} iro da shi da kuma sauran ayyukan da seventies ba tukuna cikakken m. Derzhavin ta aiki ya fi imitative, kamar Sumarokov, Lomonosov da sauransu. A tsauraran sharudda na prosody, wanda, wadannan da classic al'ada, yi biyayya da waqe-waqe, aka ba a yarda don cikar bayyana musamman talanti ɗaya na marubucin.

A 1778, a cikin sirri rai na marubuci ya faru farin ciki taron - ya fadi passionately cikin soyayya da aure Catherine Yakovlevna Bastidon, wanda ya zama har shekaru da yawa daga cikin poetic Muse (mai suna Plenira).

Own hanya a cikin adabi

Tun 1779 da marubuci Yana zãɓen da kansa hanya a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Har 1791 ya aiki a cikin Ode Genre, wanda ya kawo shi cikin mafi girma da daraja. Amma da mawãƙi ne ba kawai ya zama wani classic misali na wannan m salo. Ya canza shi gaba daya ya canza harshen, wanda ya zama unusually resonant, wani tunanin, ba kamar yadda ya kasance a wani auna, m classicism. Gaba daya ya canza da Derzhavin Ode da akida ciki. Idan baya da jihar ta moriyar sun gaske, yanzu a Derzhavina kerawa da kuma sanya sirri, m ãyõyinSa. A wannan girmamawa shi ya jadada sentimentalism tare da girmamawa a kan tausaya, sensuality.

'yan shekarun nan

A karshe shekaru da dama na rayuwarsa Derzhavin daina rubutu odes a cikin aikinsa ya fara mamaye soyayya waqe, abota da sakonni, m waqe.

Mawãƙi mutu Yuli 8, 1816 a Estate Zvanka, a wurin da ya ƙaunace.

Creativity Derzhavina taƙaice

A mawãƙi kansa tunanin babban abin yabo gabatarwar fiction "funny Rasha syllable," wanda Mixes abubuwa na vernacular kuma high style, hada shayari kuma satire. Innovation Derzhavin ya a gaskiyar cewa shi ya kumbura cikin jerin Rasha shayari, kunsawa da jigogi da motifs daga rayuwar yau da kullum.

kauri Ode

Derzhavin kerawa a takaicce bayyana mafi shahara a cikin odes. Su sau da yawa coexists cikin gida da kuma jaruntakar, jama'a kuma na sirri farkon. Halittar Derzhavina haka hadawa da baya m abubuwa. Alal misali, "Poems a kan haihuwar yaro a Arewa porfirorodnogo" ba za a iya kira mai kauri Ode a cikin classic ma'anarta. Haihuwa na Alexander Pavlovich a 1779 da aka bayyana a matsayin wani babban taron, duk 'yan baiwa kawo shi daban-daban kyautai -. Zuciya, dũkiya, kyakkyawa, da dai sauransu Duk da haka, da bege na karshe na su ( "Ka kasance a kan mutumin da kursiyin") ya nuna cewa sarki - wani mutum, wanda shi ya ba hali na classicism. Innovation a cikin ayyukan Derzhavina bayyana a nan, a cakuda yakin da kuma na sirri matsayi na mutum.

"Felitsa"

A wannan Ode Derzhavin shiga koma zuwa empress kanta da kuma jayayya da ita. Felitsa - shi ne Catherine II. Gavrila Romanovich ne regal a matsayin masu zaman kansu mutum, haka qetare sa'an nan data kasance m classic hadisin. A mawãƙi ganin darajarsa ta Catherine II ba a matsayin gwamnatin mahaluži, amma a matsayin mutum mai hikima wanda ya san hanya a rayuwa, kuma ya bi shi. Sa'an nan da mawãƙi bayyana ransa. Kai-irony lokacin kwatanta sha'awa, wanda ya mallakar wani mawãƙi, da hidima ga jaddada da mutunci Felitsa.

Wato, da Genre na Ode, gaba daya mayar da hankali a kan batun yabo, zama da mawãƙi a wani m sako, inda akwai bangarorin biyu, kuma kowane daga cikinsu yana da muhimmanci, ba kawai makõma take. A zamanin mulkin Catherine II mawãƙi nuna yabo mafi dukkan karimci, sauki, indulgence, cewa shi ne na sirri, mutum halaye.

"A cikin shan na Izmail"

A wannan Ode, dake nuna wani majestic image na Rasha mutane, endearing Turkish sansanin soja. The ƙarfin kwatanta da sojojin na halitta: girgizar ƙasa, teku hadari, volcanic shigowa. Duk da haka, shi ne ba maras wata-wata ba, amma ya danganta da nufin Rasha sarki, kore ta a ji na alheri ga mahaifarsa. The m ikon a Rasha soja da kuma dukan Rasha mutane, da iko, da girma, da aka nuna a cikin wannan aiki.

"Waterfall"

A wannan Ode, rubuta a 1791, yafi shi zama wani image rafi, NUNA da impermanence na rayuwa, duniya daraja da mutum yawa. A samfur aiki a matsayin Kivach waterfall, located in Karelia. Launi palette samfurin arziki a cikin daban-daban tabarau, da launukanku. Da farko shi ne kawai bayanin irin waterfall, amma bayan mutuwar Prince Potemkin (bisa ga abke, ya mutu a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa gida, ya dawo daga wata nasara a Rasha-Turkish yaki) Gavrila Romanovich kara hoto na na ginin jumla ciki da waterfall zama farin cikin fragility na rayuwa da kuma sa abubuwa a falsafar tunani na daban-daban dabi'u. Derzhavin aka kaina Masana Prince Potemkin, kuma ba zai iya amsa wa kwatsam rasuwar.

Duk da haka, Gavrila Romanovich ya da nisa daga m Potemkin. A Ode ya sãɓa wa Rumyantsev - shi ke da suka, bisa ga mawallafin, a gaskiya gwarzo. Rumyantsev wani real Bakan'ane da suka damu da na kowa kyau, ba na sirri daukaka da dũkiya. Wannan gwarzo a Ode a alamance yayi dace da wani m rafi. M waterfalls contrasted homely kyakkyawa Suna kogin da ta majestic da a kwantar da hankula a kan cikakken ruwa tsabta. Mutane kamar Rumyantsev, zare jiki, ba tare da fuss da kuma tafasar sha'awa rayuwa rayukansu, iya kama kyakkyawa daga sama.

falsafa odes

Topics Creativity Derzhavina ci gaba da falsafa odes. Ode "A Mutuwar Yarima Meshchersky" (1779) da aka rubuta bayan Paul ta mutuwa da magaji, Prince Meshchersky. Kuma mutuwa ne bayyana a alamance, shi "wasa scythe" da "grinds ya hakora." Karanta wannan Ode, a farko shi ko da alama cewa wannan irin "take" na mutuwa. Duk da haka, shi ya ƙare da kishiyar ƙarshe - Derzhavin kira mu mu daraja rai kamar "nan take kyauta daga sama" da kuma rayuwa da shi da kyau, to mutu tare da zuciya mai tsabta.

anacreontic lyrics

Koyi da tsoho marubuta don ƙirƙirar fassara ga waqe Derzhavin halitta ya dada a cikin abin da Rasha ji na kasa da dandano, rayuwa, ya bayyana Rasha yanayi. Classicism a Derzhavina ayyukan nan ya halartar wani canji.

Translation Anacreon for Gavrila Romanovich - shi ne wata damar shiga cikin mulkin yanayi, mutumin da rai, wanda ya ba da wuri a cikin wani m classic shayari. Hoton na wannan zamanin d mawãƙi raina haske da m rayuwa, sosai janyo hankalin Derzhavin.

A 1804 a raba edition na "Anacreontic songs." A gabatarwar da ya bayyana dalilin yanke shawarar rubuta "haske ayar": mawãƙi rubuta wadannan ayoyi a cikin matasa, kuma aka buga a yanzu saboda bar sabis, ya zama mai zaman kansa mutum da kuma yanzu free to buga da abin da ya ke so.

marigayi lyrics

By fasali na kerawa Derzhavin a baya lokacin hada da cewa a wannan lokacin ya kusan daina rubuta odes kuma Halicci sun fi mayar o in. The waka "Eugene. Zvanskaya Life", da aka rubuta a 1807, ya bayyana kullum gida rayuwa da haihuwa manya zaune a wani marmari a yankunan karkara iyali estate. Masu binciken sun ce cewa wannan aikin da aka rubuta a mayar da martani ga wani elegy Zhukovsky "Maraice" da kuma wani gardama ce kawai incipient Romanticism.

By marigayi lyric Derzhavina da lãbãri da kuma aiki "Monument", cike da bangaskiya a cikin mutunci mutum a kashe Annabãwa bã da wahalhalu, vicissitudes na rayuwa da tarihi da canje-canje.

Darajar halittar Derzhavina ya manya-manyan. Fara Gavril Sergeyevich ci gaba canji na classic siffofin Pushkin, da kuma a nan gaba, da kuma sauran Rasha kasida.