Herzen, "My Past da Zamantakewa": a takaice daga cikin surori. "My Past da Zamantakewa": Characters

Alexander Ivanovich littafin "Past da Zamantakewa", a takaice abin da za mu yi la'akari, aka buga a 1868. Ya fara da nas marubucin labaru game da yadda Herzen iyali yawo a kusa da birnin Moscow, shagaltar da Faransa a 1812. Alexander kansa shi ne har yanzu a yaro. Ƙare samfurin aukuwa 1865-1868 ta, Herzen kwaikwayo daga tafiya zuwa Turai.

A gaskiya ma, cikin tunanin ba za a iya kira a cikin cikakken ma'anarta, "My Past da Zamantakewa". Takaitacciyar samfurin ba ya bayar da cikakken ra'ayin da labari tsarin, haka pre rubutu cewa kawai na farko biyar rabo (a total of 8) muka sami sanarwa daga bi da bi events. Next, bayan motsi zuwa ga mawallafin a London a 1852, bi da jerin aikin jaridar articles, makala, duk da haka, shirya a shekara-shekara domin. Dole ne in ce cewa wasu daga cikin sunayen sarauta da ayyukan da aka fara buga a matsayin raba abubuwa ( "Robert Owen", "Yammacin arabesque"). Herzen idan aka kwatanta da ya halitta tare da taba gama ginin Haikalin tare da wani sa na fuka-fuki, add-kan da kuma kari.

A kashi na farko

"Bani da kuma Jami'ar" - abin da ake kira kashi na farko na aikin "My Past da Zamantakewa". Synopsis ta wadannan. Yana bayyana lokaci daga 1812 zuwa 1834. A kashi na farko na aikin da aka bayyana a cikin babban rayuwa Herzen a gidan mahaifinsa. Shi ne mai kaifin baki hypochondriac. Ya alama ya zama ɗan (as, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, kawu, uba da kuma aboki na matasa), wani hali samfurin na 18th karni.

A babban tasiri a kan yaro tunanin yana da abubuwan da suka faru na Disamba 14, 1825. Herzen a 1827 ya gana da N. Ogarev, ya m zumunta. Wannan shi ne nan gaba mawãƙi, da wanda Herzen zai ci gaba a London ya jagoranci Rasha bugu gidan. Dukansu boys an kamu da Schiller. A zumuntarsu, suna gani a matsayin jam'iyya biyu siyasa maƙarƙashiya. Da zarar kan Sparrow Hills, suna rantse sadakar da rayukansu don yanci.

Herzen ya ci gaba da wa'azi tsattsauran ra'ayi a kan harkokin siyasa, kuma suka yi girma, inda ya zama wani dalibi na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar (Physics da lissafi Department).

Ka lura da cewa abubuwan da suka faru bayan mutuwar Alexander I, ya ce marubucin ayyukan "My Past da Zamantakewa". Summary (Part 1, Babi na 3) ba zai iya bayani dalla-dalla a kan wannan. Duk da haka, mun lura cewa, kamar yadda marubucin ya rubuta cewa, siyasa tsananta a zamanin Alexander sun rare. Duk da haka, wanda zai gaje shi Nicholas ƙi ga tausayin pedantry, sanyi da zaluntar, vindictiveness. The kama fara. Da matan waɗanda aka kõre su naƙudarta, hana yancin] an. Sun yi jefa duk samu dũkiya da aika zuwa Eastern Siberia a karkashin akwai 'yan sanda kula. Duk wannan kiwon Herzen a cikin aikinsa "My Past da Zamantakewa". Summary (part 1, da shugaban 3 da ya shigo aka wakilta) kara na biyu rabo events.

A kashi na biyu

Shi ke kira "Gidan Yarin da Kora", shi ya bayyana shekaru daga 1834 zuwa 1838-th-th. Ogarev (ya photo da aka nuna a kasa), Herzen da kuma sauran 'yan jami'a da'irar zarge m da ɗaukakarsa. A ƙarya zargin da aka kama su da kõre.

Rayuwa a kurkuku ya bayyana a cikin daki-daki, marubucin na aikin "My Past da Zamantakewa". Summary (shugaban 3 wannan ɓangare yana mai nuni da rayuwar kurkuku) kara da cewa hidima Vyatka Hertzen, a cikin ofishin na gida lardin jirgin. Ilimin kididdiga da aka raba a sa masa. Chapters ayyukan tattara da yawa daga bakin ciki, kuma anecdotal lokuta da iko a kan lardin. A wannan sashe, a AL Vitberg. Herzen ya sadu da shi a cikin bauta. Herzen a 1838 canjawa wuri zuwa Vladimir. A cikin wannan birnin, akwai gaba samfurin na abubuwan da suke sadaukar da wannan takaice. "My Past da Zamantakewa", part 1 da kashi na 2 na da muka riga muka bayyana, ci gaba da aukuwa 1838-39 biennium. A wannan lokaci, akwai wani idon sani na Herzen tare da lover. Raya dangantakar da ita, da kuma na gaba part.

na uku

"Vladimir-on-Klyazma" - abin da ake kira na uku na aiki "My Past da Zamantakewa". Synopsis shi ya gabatar da mu da tarihin marubucin soyayya da Zaharinoy Nataley Aleksandrovnoy, wanda shi ne shege 'yar kawunsa, aka kawo up da rabin hauka da mugunta inna. Amma ba kawai ta gabatar da mu Herzen. Alal misali, abubuwan da suka faru na 1834 aika da shugaban na "Moscow ba tare da ni" aiki "My Past da Zamantakewa" (Babi na 4). Synopsis shi ba za a ba, tun da shi ya riga an gaya a kashi na biyu. Mu ci gaba da bayanin irin marubucin dangantaka da Zaharinoy Nataley Aleksandrovnoy.

Yarda to aure na zumunta ba su samu soyayya da samfurin na "My Past da Zamantakewa". Summary (shugaban 3 wannan bangare ne ake kira "Rabuwa") ƙare barin Vyatki. Herzen (ya hoto ne da aka sama) a cikin 1838, ya isa a birnin Moscow, ko da yake an hana shigar da shi. Ya kawar da amarya, da kuma lashe tare da ta asirce. Wannan kammala sulusin Herzen ( "Past da Zamantakewa"). Takaitacciyar da wadannan kara aukuwa gabatar a kasa.

Da rubu'in

A lokaci daga 1840 zuwa 1847 ne aka bayyana a cikin "Moscow, St. Petersburg da kuma Novgorod." Yana gaya game da ilimi yanayi na lokaci a Moscow. Ogarev da Herzen, waɗanda suka komo daga zaman talala, da motsi kusa da Hegelians - a da'irar Stankevich. Su abokai ne Bakunin da Belinsky. Herzen a "ba namu ba ne" (a kan Chaadayev, K. Aksakov, Kireevskys, Khomyakov) ya ce jan tare a cikin 40s Slavophiles da kuma kasashen yammaci. Ya ci gaba da bayyana dalilin da ya sa ba za ka iya Mix slavjanofilstvo na aikin kishin kasa. Herzen ma yayi Magana game da gurguzanci da Rasha al'umma.

Domin akida dalilai, a 1846, Herzen da Ogarev motsa daga mutane da yawa, musamman daga Granovsky. Personal jayayya faruwa tsakanin marubucin da kuma Granovsky saboda gaskiyar cewa daya ba su gane ba, da kuma sauran yarda da kurwa marar mutuwa. Sa'an nan, ya yanke shawarar da ya bar kasar Herzen. "My Past da Zamantakewa", a takaice abin da za mu bayyana - a manyan girma na aiki. Saboda haka za mu iya magana game da shi kawai a general sharuddan.

biyar

Yana bayyana shekaru daga 1847 zuwa 1852-th-th. Marubucin ya yi magana game da farko shekaru da ya shafe a Turai. Herzen ce game da ranar farko a Faransa babban birnin kasar, game da kwaikwayo na Paris. Ya yayi Magana game da "Sun Italiya", Roman National Liberation Movement da kuma juyin juya halin a kasar Faransa a watan Fabrairu 1848 da sauransu.

Kwatanta summary daga cikin labarin "My Past da Zamantakewa", za mu lura cewa bi da bi gabatar da events riga a wannan bangare shi ne katse articles da makala Herzen. Marubucin ya ce a wani sideshow mai taken "Yammacin arabesque" game da mutuwar da yammacin duniya, don haka masoyi ga Rasha m ko gurguzu. Ruining philistinism Turai, ya mallaki dukan daba na kayan alheri. Wannan batu za a iya kira da leitmotif na dukan aikin. Herzen gan kawai mafita a da gina jindadin jihar.

Rubuta a cikin surori kishin Proudhon, ya gaya game da kwaikwayo son tare da shi, ya ce da m softness na mutum don magana dashi. Ya yi magana akan Proudhon ta littafi, "A Justice a cikin coci kuma a cikin juyin juya halin." Daga marubucin wannan aikin ba zai iya yarda Herzen, saboda shi hadaya da adalci na jihar mutum hali. Tare da irin model jihar Herzen kullum jayayya, kawo tare da wani Arakcheyev irin wannan yunkuri (misali, a cikin shida part, a cikin babi na "Robert Owen").

Ba na son Herzen da Proudhon ta hali ga mata - mallakar tajirai. Ya yi imanin cewa marubucin mahukunta game da irin wannan m da wuya abubuwa kamar kishi da kuma m, kuma m.

A wasan kwaikwayo a cikin rãyuwar Herzen

A karo na biyar sashe ƙarasa da iyali tarihi na Herzen, na karshe shekaru na rayuwa na Natalia Alexandrovna. A Accession na Napoleon III, kazalika, sa'an nan mãsu nauyi yar ta rashin lafiya ne karfi da amsa a kan wannan mace, wani daban-daban propensity zuwa ciki. Ta shiga cikin dangantaka tare da sanannen Jamus gurguzu da kuma mawãƙi Herwegh. Wannan mutum shi ne a wancan lokaci mafi kusa aboki na Herzen. Ta aka shãfe ta Herwegh gunaguni Loneliness, da cewa babu wanda ya fahimci. Natalya ya ci gaba da son mijinta. Yana zafi halin da ake ciki kuma a karshe gane wajibcin zabi, da mace bayyana Herzen. Ya kasance a shirye don saki, idan yana so ya Natalia. Duk da haka, shi karya tare da Herwegh da kuma jinkirta tare da mijinta.

Hertz ne da za'ayi bayan sulhu wasu lokaci a Italiya. A shipwreck a 1851, sai ya kashe uwar marubucin, da kadan dan Kolya. Herwegh ba ya so ya yarda da shan kashi. Ya korarsu bakwai gunaguni, ya razana su kashe Herzen ko kashe kansa. A karshen ya notifies juna abokai game da lamarin. Abokai tsaya up for Herzen. Next zo da m scene tare da kai hari da baturi, tunãwa na haihuwa basusuka, wallafe a periodicals. Natalia ba zai iya motsa shi duka. Bayan na gaba haihuwa, tabbas daga tarin fuka, ta mutu a 1852.

Yana kammala a karo na biyar na makala game da Rasha baƙi wakilci a cikin "Rasha inuwa." Herzen yayin da wani yawa na lamba tare da su. Abõkinsa a jami'a NI Sazonov, ɓata mai a kusa da Turai, - da irin na Rasha mutane, a banza ya hallaka a "chasm sojojin," wanda ya ba da aka da'awa a cikin gida kasar. Ambatar da takwarorina, marubucin nan ya kira "gaskiya" da kuma "fitarwa" ga mutanen da suka miƙa hadaya ga abin da suka gaskata abin da zai iya bayar da su gargajiya rayuwa. Herzen AV Èngel'son - Gen Petrashevists da "m fashe", hali na shi, "m girman kai" da cewa ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da "kananan" da "trashy" mutanen da suka yi har da mafiya yawa daga cikin lokaci.

shida

Shi ne ake kira "England", shi ya bayyana shekaru daga 1852 zuwa 1864-th-th. Herzen bayan mutuwar biyu koma Ingila. Herwegh sanya iyalinsa wasan kwaikwayo jama'a, da kuma marubucin ya zama dole domin kotun zuwa Turai dimokuradiyya amsa laifin cewa shi dama. Amma Herzen sami kwanciyar rai ba a wannan kotu, kuma a cikin aiki. Ya fara rubuta "My Past da Zamantakewa", da kuma dauki sama da na'urar Rasha typography.

Herzen (ya hoto da aka gabatar a sama) Notes cewa London rayuwa Loneliness shafa shi gaskiya ma. Ingila a lokacin yana cike da Muhãjirai, wanda yafi ake magana a kai a cikin shida part. Shi ne mai motley taron, daga cikin shugabannin da National Liberation da kuma gurguzu motsi a Turai, wanda ya zama ãyã daga cikin marubucin, da 'yan leƙen asirin da laifi, wanda a karkashin sunan siyasa zaman talala roƙonka kanka manual.

Herzen, hakikance cewa kasa da halin da akwai, ya sarrafa wasu makala expatriates na daban-daban kasashe ( "Jamusawa a gudun hijira", "Yaren mutanen Poland baƙi" da sauransu.). A cikin babi na "The Jamus a zaman talala", musamman, wani kima da Marx da magoya bayansa - "sulfuric ƙungiya." Marubucin ya wadãtu da wadannan m mutane, don ya hallaka su abokan hamayyar siyasa suna shirye don wani abu. Herzen ne m don tsayar cewa a wani karo da juna bayyananne kasa haruffa. Alal misali, a cikin babi na "The biyu matakai suna" ba wani m bayanin irin review a cikin Turanci kotun harka, da Faransa duelists.

bakwai

Wannan bangare na aikin ne duqufar da Rasha ƙaura. A musamman, shi ya nuna da mutum makala a kan Pecherin B. kuma M. Bakunin, game da tarihin "The Karrarawa" da kuma Free Rasha typography. Marubucin ya fara da bayyana yadda ya ga abke kai ziyara a kanar. A fili, shi ne wani m mutum, kuma ba m. Duk da haka, ya dauke shi ya bi zo Herzen kamar yadda hukumomi. A cikin babi na farko, "Apogee da Perigee," in ji babbar tasiri da kuma shahararsa ta "The Karrarawa" a Rasha, wadda ta zo bayan da Moscow wuta. Kuma ya ce, marubucin yana yanke shawarar buga su goyi bayan Dogayen sanda a 1862, a lokacin da suka yi tawaye.

takwas

Takaitacciyar Artwork "Past da tunani" ci gaba da bayyana 8th rabo. Yana gabatar da zamani daga 1865 zuwa 1868. Yana yana da wani sunan, da kuma ba kowa theme. Yana da wani hadari na farko babi na wannan bangare ne da ake kira "Babu dangane". Herzen bayyana ra'ayi wanda shi sanya daban-daban kasashen Turai a cikin marigayi 60s. Turai yayin da har yanzu gani a matsayin matattu marubucin. Wannan, sai ya ce, musamman, a cikin sura ta a kan Venice da kuma a kan wadai na sarki France "annabi ne." Babi na "Daga cikin sauran duniya" 6th part aka sadaukar domin tsofaffi, da suke da zarar shahara da cin nasara mutane. Herzen yi imani da cewa kawai wuri a duk kasashen Turai, dace da rayuwa - Switzerland.

"Old Haruffa"

"Old haruffa" cikakken samfurin "My Past da Zamantakewa", a takaice daga cikin surori na wanda aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin. Wannan shi ne rubutun da na haruffa da marubucin Belinsky, N. Field, Chaadaeva Granovsky, Carlyle, Proudhon. Herzen a gabatarwar da littafin ya bambanta su. A baya ne a cikin haruffan da aka ba latsa tare da dukan ƙarfinsa, wanda ba shine littafin. Easy 'yanci su na da bazuwar abun ciki, imel yau da kullum damuwa zana mana kusa da marubuta.

Hakika, a daya labarin ba shi yiwuwa a bayyana a cikin daki-daki, aikin "My Past da Zamantakewa". A sosai takaitaccen bayani ne dace kawai na farko sani da shi. Wannan aiki ne da daraja karatu domin shi ya ba wani na gani misali na zamanin. "My Past da Zamantakewa", a takaice na babi na 1 cewa zai fara a 1812 da kuma ƙare a 1868 tunanin shekara, maida hankali ne akan lokaci, da m abubuwan tarihin.