Slavophiles da kuma kasashen yammaci

Forties karni na sha tara ta gangara a tarihi a matsayin "gagarumar shekaru goma" - da exacerbation na akida da rigingimu da gudana ruhaniya nema. Rasha masana kamar "tada daga wani mafarki", da barin aiki ci gaban zamantakewa da kuma falsafa da tunani.

Duk mai hankali rai da aka mayar da hankali a babban birnin kasar - Moscow, inda cikin manyan Figures na zamanin Alexander Herzen, P. Chaadaev, A. Khomyakov bayyana m - idealist ra'ayoyi kan jama'a sun muhawara da tattaunawa. A babban rawa a cikin rayuwa na Rasha taka digiri na Moscow University. Sun nuna ra'ayoyi kan yanayin da sabon Rasha da kuma dangantakarsa da ci gaban Turai ta tarihi. A hankali, da tattaunawa da mahalarta suka rabu biyu da'ira, wanda suka polemical suna: Slavophiles da kuma kasashen yammaci.

Wadannan biyu trends aka kullum tsunduma a baki kawai tare da juna. A batu na muhawara da aka baya, kuma nan gaba na Rasha jihar. Slavophiles da kuma kasashen yammaci a Rasha falsafa sun kama a cikin fassarar da sau na kasarsu, la'akari da su daban-daban daga Turai. A farko yaba da haske akida na Old Rasha jihar. Yammaci sun bayyana ra'ayin cewa a cikin tsohon Turai iko da labarin fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa quite akasin namu na dogon lokaci sun riga ya kafa wasu m sakamakon. Suna gaba daya ƙaryata sosai ra'ayin gwada Rasha ta baya tare da mai girma tsakiyar zamanai a cikin kasashen turai. Wasu daga cikin su idealize baya, yayin da wasu fentin da shi ne kawai a duhu launuka.

Slavophiles da kuma kasashen yammaci. Abin da unites wadannan biyu falsafa kwatance?

Wadanda kuma sauran sosai m na yanzu. Suka ƙi yin fahimta da kuma daukar mataki a lokacin da Nicholas tsarin: serfdom, cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin, juyin juya halin Musulunci canje-canje. Su kalmomi da kuma a aikace da aka tsara don kokarin kare siyasa halin da ake ciki 'yancin aikin jarida, na magana da na sanin yakamata, jama'a ra'ayi.

A shawarwari da abin ya shafa da kasashen yammaci da kuma Slavophiles da kuma nan gaba. A farko, admiring da ayyuka na Bitrus 1, fatan ci gaban da Rasha jihar a kan Turai model. Babban aiki na da hukumomi da kuma al'umma, a ra'ayi, shi ne ji na kasa shirye-m siffofin zamantakewa da kuma tattalin arziki rai, peculiar zuwa Yammacin Turai iko. Yana da aka kawar da ƙasar tsarin wajibi ne a cimma wadannan manufofi, to soke doka aji fitattun abubuwa, ba mafi girma da 'yanci na harkokin kasuwanci, to streamline gida gwamnati da kuma democratize da tsarin shari'a.

Slavophiles soki Peter ga hargitsi da tawaye, sun bayar da gudunmawar ga jama'a. A bayani na zamantakewa da matsaloli da kuma yin kawar da proletarianism suka gani a kafa da zamantakewa tsarin. Domin aiwatar da ra'ayoyin Slavophiles sun kasance a shirye don juyin juya halin. Bisa ga ra'ayin categorical bambance-bambance tsakanin Rasha da Turai, sun soki Yammacin abinda ya shafi manufa, ajiye zuciya ƙwarai a kan kafa ka'idojin al'umma rai na Rasha mutane.

Idealizing Orthodox Slavophiles soki Protestantism kuma Katolika. Sun yi imani da cewa Rasha ta Manufar shine a gina rayukansu a kan gaskiya Kirista akida, da kuma wajen isar da ka'idodi da ya zama har zuwa aminci na duniya duka. A kasar dole bude ga dukan 'yan adam hanyar zuwa gaskiya hadin kai da' yan'uwantaka - catholicity, ko, kamar yadda hamsters 'yanci a hadin ta cikin Orthodox bangaskiya. "

Slavophiles da kuma kasashen yammaci - fito a mulkin gargajiya Rasha a sau da rikicin, wadannan biyu trends da kuma nuna sha'awar na m bangarorin al'uma saiti wajen samar da cikakke ka'idar canji na Rasha jihar.