Dangi kwayoyin nauyi - wani jiki yawa halayyar kowane abu

Nauyi kwayoyin, kamar atomic taro, kadan. Saboda haka, domin su kwatanta da lissafi amfani atomic taro naúrar. Dangi kwayoyin nauyi fili - wannan jiki girma, wanda shine rabo na nauyi na fili kwayoyin zuwa 1/12 daga cikin rabo na carbon atoms. Wannan index nuna sau nawa da nauyi na dukan kwayoyin fiye 1/12 na da nauyin da firamare barbashi carbon kuma, kamar wani dangi darajar yana da wani girma da kuma aka denoted da alama Mr.

Mr (fili) = m (kwayoyin fili) / 1/12 m (C). Duk da haka, a yi, yana amfani da wani daban-daban makirci ga kirga wannan darajar. A daidai da shi, da dangi kwayoyin taro daidai da jimlar darajar da zumunta atomic talakawa (Ar) na dukkan sinadaran abubuwa wanda ya samar da da fili bisa ga yawan na farko barbashi kowane kashi, Ina nufin Yana za a iya rubuta schematically kamar haka:

Mr (B1xC1y) = x * Ar (B1) + y * Ar (C1).

Don daidai sanin wannan darajar kamata:

1. san da sinadaran dabara na abu.
2. Ar daidai ƙayyade a tebur D. I. Mendeleeva (haka worthwhile idan yawan bayan da gidan goma batu ne daidai ko privyshaet 5, sa'an nan Ƙididdigar to mafi kusa dukan naúrar kara da cewa: misali, Ar (Li) = 6, 941, zuwa lissafi ta yin amfani da lamba da ne 7, kuma idan da lambar da yake kasa da 5, sa'an nan batun irin wannan cewa akwai wani: Ar (K) = 39,098, Ina nufin, kai 39).
3. idan kirga Mr kar ka manta da la'akari da yawan kwayoyin halitta, Ina nufin, Federation tsaye a abubuwa cikin fili.

Dangi kwayoyin taro, da dabara na wanda aka nuna a bisa schematically ya shafi hadaddun mahadi. Saboda domin lissafi na yawa y sauki abu isasshen domin sanin kawai zumunta atomic taro na lokaci-lokaci tebur da kuma optionally yawaita da yawan na farko barbashi. Ga misali: Mr (P) = Ar (R) = 31 da Mr (N ₂₎ = 2 * Ar (N) = 2 * 14 = 18.

La'akari da wani misali, da kuma gano abin da yake cikin zumunta kwayoyin taro na ruwa - wani hadadden al'amarin. A empirical dabara na abu ne H ₂ Ya, Ina nufin, shi kunshi biyu hydrogen atoms da daya oxygen zarra. Saboda haka, an yanke shawarar rikodin kama da wannan:

Mr (H ₂ Ya) = 2 * Ar (H) + Ar ( Ya) = 2 * 1 + 16 = 18

Za ka iya rubuta a takaice, faduwa a zahiri magana. Wannan adadi ya nuna cewa Mr 18 sau fiye da 1/12 daga wani na farko barbashi taro carbon. Hakazalika m zumunta kwayoyin nauyi na wani sinadaran fili, a karkashin yanayin da cewa ta empirical dabara da aka sani. Amma kuma, yin amfani da wannan darajar, ba za ka iya mayar da ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa abun da ke ciki na unknown abubuwa, to tsayar da abun ciki na mutum nuclides. A yi, domin tabbatar da dalilin da Mr abu aiki physico-sinadaran dabaru, kamar barasan, salla spectrometry, gas chromatography , da dai sauransu Don sanin wannan index ga polymers amfani da hanyoyin dangane colligative Properties (m yawan biyu shaidu, da aikin kungiya, da danko, haske watsi ikon).

Saboda haka, dangi kwayoyin taro halayyar kowane abu da zai zama mutum to shi. Wannan darajar aka ƙaddara duka biyu sauki da kuma hadadden mahadi, inorganic da kwayoyin. Its sigogi ne da muhimmanci musamman a cikin nazari da rairaya polymers wanda Properties zai dogara ne a kan nuna alama na kwayoyin nauyi.