Per Ferma: biography, photos, binciken a ilmin lissafi

Per De Fermat - daya daga cikin mafi girma da masana kimiyya a tarihin Faransa. Its nasarori hada halittar irin ayyukan kamar yadda ka'idar yiwuwa da kuma lambobi, ya ne marubucin shahara theorems da discoverer da dama ilmin lissafi Properties. Daga wani sosai matasa, shekaru da mahaifansa biyu biya mai girma da hankali ga ilimi da ɗan ne m ga sun yi wani tasiri a kan samuwar wani grand hankali. Ko da yaushe a kwantar da hankula da kuma mai kuzari, na bincike da kuma tsaurara bincike da kuma binciken - duk da cewa Per Ferma. Brief biography podcherpnut taimaka wa mai karatu samu dukan fun wannan imbin hali na Math.

farkon matakai

Pierre aka haifa a Faransa. Shi ne daya daga cikin sahun gaba da kuma kafa ka'idar lambobi, kazalika da hikimar tantance lissafi.

Na dogon lokaci ana cewa Per Ferma aka haife shi a 1595, a Toulouse, amma da tsakiyar karni na sha tara a birnin Beaumont a archives aka samu bayanin kula a wadda aka ce cewa a lokacin rani na 1601, birnin councilor Dominique Fermat da matarsa haifi dan Pierre. An sani cewa Dominique Farm kuwa mai daraja mutum a cikin birnin. Ya kasance mai m fata. Pierre ya ciyar da yara gaba ga mahaifansa biyu, kuma a lokacin da yana da lokaci don samun ilmi, sai ya tafi Toulouse - mafi kusa birni tare da jami'o'i. Yadda ya kamata karatu dokar a Jami'ar benci ya Pierre da damar aiki da lauya, amma saurayin da shawarar tafiya a cikin sabis na jihar. A 1631 Pierre aka nada su sanya kudi majalisar ba da shawara a cikin majalisar dokokin kasar Toulouse. A wannan lokaci gona da aka riga aka yi aure da 'yar councilors, a cikin abin da ya yi aiki. Ransa ya sosai lumana da kuma m. Amma godiya ga shi, yau, mutane karatu lissafi iya koya da yawa ban sha'awa bayanai da cewa shi ne invaluable. Ko da a cikin makaranta manhaja rayayye mayar da hankali a kan jigo "Per Ferma da binciken."

Passion ga tarihi

A cikin matasa, nan gaba lissafi shahara kamar yadda mafi kyau gwani a cikin tarihi (musamman tsoho), domin taimako a cikin littafin isa Greek litattafansu. Ya yi sharhi a kan ayyukan Sinezuga, Athenaeum, Polyunusa, Frontinus, Teona Smirnskogo, yi canje-canje a cikin rubutu na Sextus Empiricus. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa ya saukin iya sa ya alama a matsayin wani fitaccen malamin Greek.

Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa ya zabi wani daban-daban hanya, za mu gan hasken babban a girma binciken. Kuma haka mafi yawan mutane san cewa Per Ferma - lissafi.

The aiki na rayuwarsa a lokacin da shi ya zama sananne yafi ta hanyar m rubutu cewa Fermat ya tare da sauran masana kimiyya. The tarin ayyuka, wanda ya ya yi ta kokarin yi, kuma ba a aiwatar. Tsananin magana, wannan shi ne mai ma'ana sakamakon lokacin da a load a kan babban aikin a cikin kotu. Lokacin da Pierre rayuwa babu wani daga cikin nauyin da ayyukansa da aka buga.

Per Ferma: binciken a ilmin lissafi

Daya daga cikin na farko da ayyuka a fagen ilmin lissafi a Fermat - zaman majalisar na biyu-batattu rubuce-rubucen na Afaloni littattafai mai suna "A lebur kasa". Pierre gagarumin yabo ga kimiyya da rinjaye gan su a cikin gabatarwar ga hikimar tantance lissafi na infinitesimals. Ya sanya wannan muhimmanci sosai mataki a 1629. Har ila yau a cikin marigayi twenties, Per Ferma samu hanyoyi na gano tangents da extrema. Kuma riga a 1636-m cikakken kammala bayanin irin Hanyar binciken da aka canjawa wuri a cikin hannun Mersenne, kuma tare da wannan ya wuya karanta ta kowa.

The shawara tare da Descartes

A 1637-38 shekaru Faransa lissafi Per Ferma m hanya jãyayya da daidai da fice lissafi Rene Descartes. The shawara ya tashi a kusa da "Hanyar samun matsakaicin kuma m." Descartes fahimta ba da hanyar da ba fahimtar da shi, sabõda abin da dalilin da ya sa m zargi. A lokacin rani na 1638 Per Ferma aika Mersenne Descartes a aika da updated kuma aukaka bayani na gabatar da ya Hanyar. A cikin wasika nuna masa kange, saboda shi ne aka rubuta a wani musamman bushe da a kwantar da hankula iri, amma a lokaci guda akwai wani irony. A cikin wasika dauke da kai tsaye izgili ko da wani rashin fahimta da Descartes. A gona ya taba shiga wani m da kuma rashin gardama ce kawai, ya ko da yaushe makale wa wani santsi da kuma sanyi sautunan. Ba wani muhawara, amma a maimakon haka, tattaunawar ta yi kama da tattaunawa da malami da dalibi, wanda shi ne wani abu ba gane.

Systematics lissafi yankunan

Kafin Pierre Fermat hanyoyi na gano gabatarwa da aka tsara ta Italian Cavalieri. Duk da haka, ta 1642 Fermat gano wani Hanyar gano wuraren da ake tsare da wani "parabola" da "hyperbole." Ya ya iya tabbatar da cewa yankin na kusan duk wani Unlimited siffofi iya har yanzu suna da wani guntun darajar.

Matsala gyãrawa masu lankwasa

Daya daga cikin na farko soma nazarin matsalar da sarrafa kwamfuta baka tsawo na masu lankwasa. Ya gudanar kawo da mafita ga gano wasu sarari. Don lissafi da wuri don rage duk da matsaloli a kan masu lankwasa. Shi ya kasance wani digo domin shigar da sabon kuma mafi m mas'ala ta "integral".

A nan gaba, duk hanyar zuwa wani tabbatacce sakamako na definition of "sarari" ya samu dangantaka da "Hanyar tangents da extrema". Akwai shaida da cewa gona ya gani a sarari dangantaka, amma babu wani daga cikin ayyukansa ba gani wannan ra'ayi.

Ba kamar mafi daga cikin abokan aiki a kan lamarin, Per De Fermat wani m lissafi da kuma taba yi kokarin gano wasu rassan kimiyya. Kila saboda wannan dalilin, da iko taimako ga dukan lissafi ne don haka mai zurfi da kuma high.

A ka'idar lambobin

A mafi muhimmanci taimako Farm a ilmin lissafi da kuma ga wannan rana yana dauke da halittar gaba ɗaya sabon tarbiyya - lambar ka'idar. Scientist a ko'ina ya aiki, ya sha'awar ilmin lissafi matsaloli da cewa ya wani lokacin ƙirƙirarru, kuma cinta kansa. A cikin aiwatar da gano amsoshin tambayoyin da shirya kai a cikin matsaloli, Fermat sau da yawa samu wani abu gaba daya sabon da kuma na musamman. New lissafi mai tsauri da kuma dokokin, theorems da kaddarorin - duk da cewa da zarar kafa tushen da ka'idar lambobi, a yanzu da aka sani ga kowane makaranta.

Taimako zuwa ga ayyukan wasu malamai

Saboda haka, Per Ferma gano dokoki na halitta lambobi da kuma kafa su har abada. Aikace-aikace na halitta lambobin suna kira "Theorem na ilmin lissafi." Wata irin wannan misali ne sanannen "kadan Theorem." Daga bisani Euler shi aiki a matsayin wani na musamman harka domin ta haihu. Haka kuma an san cewa shi ne aikin da Pierre Fermat tambayi dalilin Lagrange ta Theorem game da Naira Miliyan 4 murabba'ai.

Fermat ta karshe Theorem

Hakika, mafi yawan ayyukan Pierre tsaye a waje domin ya mai girma da kuma iko Theorem. Shi ne shekaru masu yawa, ko da shekarun da suka gabata, tilasta "karya da shugaban" mafi girma lissafi, kuma ko da bayan an buga shi a 1995, wani sabon da sosai hanyoyin daban-daban na gwaji har yanzu zuwa ga sashen da wani ilmin lissafi nuna bambanci a cikin da yawa jami'o'i a duniya.

Ko da yake gona ya bar kawai taƙaitawar da su harkokinmu, kuma fragmentary bayanai, wanda shi ne abin da ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa bude wasu fitattun 'yan baiwa a lissafi. A cikin girmamawa, shi da aka mai suna daya daga cikin mafi babbar da kuma tsofaffin manyan makarantu a Faransa - lyceum mai suna bayan Pierre de Fermat a Toulouse.

masanin kimiyya mutuwa

A lokacin da ya aiki aiki a fagen ilmin lissafi Farm quite hanzari motsa har a wani kotu hali. A 1648, Pierre zama memba na House of bijire wa ka'idojin. Saboda haka high post shaida ga mafi girman matsayi na masanin kimiyya.

A Castres, inda gona shi ne doka, ya mutu a fita zuwa gaba kotu zaman. Mutuwa ya zo wurin lissafi yana da shekaru 64 da shekaru. Babbansu dan masanin kimiyya ɗauki uban ya kawo ayyukan da mutane da kuma haifar da wata yawan bincike.

Wannan ya Per Ferma. Tarihinsa ya tsanani, da kuma rayuwa bar wata alama a dukan lokaci.

Aikace-aikace na wannan giant of lissafi ba za a iya overestimated da underestimated, domin sun kwantar da m tushe ga mutane da yawa masu bincike. Per Ferma, photos (hotuna) an ba a cikin labarin, ina da wani karfi da hali, wanda duk rayuwarsa taimake shi ya cimma a raga.