Jet engine: aiki (a takaice). Ka'idar aiki na wani jet engine jirgin sama

Karkashin amsawa fahimta motsi a cikin abin da jiki ne rabu a wasu gudun daya daga cikin sassa. Sakamakon irin wannan tsari ne da karfi aiki a kan kansa. A wasu kalmomin, shi ne ba ko da dan lamba tare da waje jikinsu.

Jet propulsion a cikin yanayi

A lokacin bazara biki a kudu da kusan kowane daya daga cikin mu, yin iyo a cikin tẽku, ya gana da jellyfish. Amma 'yan daga mu sani cewa wadannan dabbobi suna koma kamar yadda wani jet engine. Ka'idar aiki a cikin yanayin da wannan na'ura za a iya gani da motsi wasu jinsunan marine plankton kuma larvae na dragonflies. Haka kuma, yadda ya dace da wadannan halittu sun kasance sau da yawa ya fi yadda hardware.

Wa kuma zai iya kwatanta yadda wani jet engine aiki manufa? Squid, dorinar ruwa, da cuttlefish. A irin wannan yunkuri da yake faruwa, da kuma da yawa wasu Shellfish. Dauki, misali, cuttlefish. Yana garwaya da ruwa a cikin su gill rami da vigorously jefa shi ta hanyar mazurari cewa ya umurcemu da na baya, ko kuma a kaikaice. A wannan yanayin, da kilam ne iya yin ƙungiyoyi a kan hanya.

Ka'idar aiki na wani jet engine za a iya lura a lokacin da motsi salsa. Wannan marine dabba na'am da ruwa a cikin wani m rami. Bayan haka, jikinsa tsokoki kwangila, turawa da ruwa ta hanyar da rami located a raya. Reaction of sakamakon jet bada man alade ga samun ci gaba.

tẽku mai linzami

Amma na mafi kamala a cikin wani mai amsawa kewayawa kai tukuna squid. Ko da siffar da makami mai linzami bayyana da za a kofe daidai da wannan marine rayuwa. Lokacin da motsi a low gudun squid lokaci zuwa lokaci bends ya lu'u-lu'u filafilin kifi. Amma ga mai sauri jħfa ya yi amfani da da kansa "jet engine". The aiki manufa dukan tsokoki da kuma jiki a lokaci guda yana da daraja la'akari a more daki-daki.

Muna da irin squid alkyabba. Wannan tsoka nama da na kewaye da jikinsa daga dukkan bangarorin. A lokacin da motsi na dabbobi suna sucked a cikin alkyabbar a manyan girma na ruwa, da cika fuska amai wani rafi ta musamman kunkuntar bututun ƙarfe. Wadannan ayyuka da damar da squid tafi Firaministan baya a gudu zuwa saba'in kilomita awa. A lokacin da motsi na da dabbobi tara a wani cuta duk da goma tentacles cewa yana da jiki mai siffar streamlined. A bututun ƙarfe yana da wani musamman bawul. The dabba ya jũya amfani da tsoka contractions. Wannan damar marine rayuwa ga canji shugabanci. Da muhimmancin da matuƙin jirgin ruwa a lokacin da wani squid motsi play kuma tentacles. Yana shiryar da su zuwa hagu ko dama, sama ko ƙasa da sauƙi sunã kangẽwa, karo da cikas.

Akwai irin squid (stenotevtis), wanda ke da mallakar da take da mafi kyau matukin jirgi a cikin mollusks. Bayyana da manufa na aiki na wani jet engine - kuma za ka gane dalilin da yasa, ke bi kifi, da dabba wani lokacin tsalle daga cikin ruwa, da samun ko da a kan cikas, daga jirgi faruwa a fadin teku. Ta yaya wannan ya faru? Kalmar matukin yayin da a cikin ruwa da rabi, tasowa matsakaicin karfin juyi dauki hannu a gare shi. Wannan ya yale shi ya tashi a kan taguwar ruwa a nesa na hamsin mita.

Idan muka yi la'akari da jet engine, da manufa na aiki na dabba za a iya ambata duk da haka? Wannan, a duban farko, ƙaramar mota dorinar ruwa. Swimmers ba kamar yadda azumi kamar yadda squid, amma idan akwai hatsarin da gudun iya hãsadar ko mafi kyau sprinters. Masana kimiyyar halitta suka yi binciken hijirarsa dorinar ruwa, gano cewa, su matsawa kamar daya wanda yana da jet engine manufa.

Animal da kowane jet na ruwa fita daga bakin dutse, yin nasara a kan biyu ko biyu da rabi mita. A wannan yanayin, iyo dorinar ruwa peculiar - baya.

Sauran misalai na Jet propulsion

Na da roka da kuma shuke-shuke, a duniya. A manufa na wani jet engine za a iya lura a lokacin da ko a sosai tabawa "squirting kokwamba" high gudun bounces kashe da zangarniya, a lokaci guda kãfirtarsu da m ruwa tare da tsaba. Kamar wancan kanta ya'yan tashi a kan wani babba nesa (har zuwa 12 m) a gaban shugabanci.

Ka'idar aiki na wani jet engine kuma za a iya kiyaye yayin da a kan jirgin ruwa. Idan ruwa daga shi a cikin wani shugabanci jefa nauyi duwatsu, shi za ta motsa a gaban shugabanci. A wannan yana da makami mai linzami jet manufa. Kawai akwai for duwatsu amfani da gas. Sun haifar da wani dauki karfi bayar da motsi a cikin iska da kuma dakatar sarari.

fantastic tafiya

Game da sarari jirgin mutãne ya mafarkin na dogon lokaci. Wannan ne evidenced da ayyukan almarar kimiyya marubuta, wanda wannan manufa yayi wani iri-iri na kayan aikin. Alal misali, gwarzo na labarin na Faransa marubuci Hercule Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac kai da watã a kan jirgin karusa, a kan wanda kullum jefa wani karfi maganadisu. Kafin wannan duniya da kuma samu shahara Munchausen. Yi tafiya ya taimakawa giant wake zangarniya.

Jet propulsion an yi amfani da a kasar Sin a farkon karni BC. Peculiar jifa ga fun haka bauta bamboo shambura, wanda aka cika da foda. Ba zato ba tsammani, da daftarin na farko mota a duniya, kafa ta Newton, shi ma tare da wani jet engine.

Tarihi na RD

Kawai a cikin karni na 19th. mafarki na bil'adama da halittu suka fara saya musamman fasali. Shi ne a cikin wannan karni Rasha neman sauyi N. I. Kibalchichem aikin farko a duniya da aka halitta da wani jirgin sama jet engine. All takarda Narodnaya Volya aka hada a kurkuku, inda ya kasance bayan kisan gillar da Alexander. Amma, abin takaici, da 04/03/1881 Kibalchich da aka kashe, da kuma ra'ayin ba m embodiment.

A farkon karni na 20th. da ra'ayin amfani da roka for sarari manufa samarwa Rasha masanin kimiyya K. E. Tsiolkovsky. Da farko ya bayanin aiki hada da jiki motsi m taro a cikin nau'i na ilmin lissafi lissafai, da aka buga a 1903 A kara raya makirci kanta masanin kimiyya jet engine for propulsion da ruwa da man fetur.

Tsiolkovsky aka ma ƙirƙira multistage roka da kuma samarwa da ra'ayin samar da wani low-Duniya kewayewa sarari na wannan birni. Tsiolkovsky ya tabbatar da cewa da kawai hanyar for sarari manufa ne a roka. Watau naúrar sanye take jet, refillable man fetur da kuma oxidizer. Kawai irin wannan makami mai linzami ne iya shawo kan karfi na nauyi da kuma tashi bayan da Duniya ta yanayi.

nazarin sararin samaniya

Mataki na ashirin da Tsiolkovsky da aka buga a ambata "Scientific Review", amince ga masanin kimiyya ta suna mafarkin. Ya muhawara ba daya dauki tsanani.

Tsiolkovsky ta ra'ayin aiwatar da Soviet masana kimiyya. Led by Sergeem Pavlovichem Korolevym, da suka kaddamar na farko wucin gadi Duniya da tauraron dan adam. Oktoba 4, 1957, wannan naúrar tsĩrar cikin sarari guda da wani roka da jet engine. Aiki RD da aka bisa ga hira da sunadarai makamashi, wanda aka zartar a rafi na man fetur da gas, juya cikin sanadin motsi makamashi. A wannan yanayin da makami mai linzami ne a tashin a baya shugabanci.

Jet engine, da manufa da abin da aka yi amfani da shekaru da yawa, ya sami aikace ba wai kawai a sarari amma kuma a cikin jirgin sama. Amma mafi sau da yawa shi da ake amfani da kaddamar da roka. Domin kawai RD ne iya matsar da na'urar a sarari, wanda rasa wani matsakaici.

Liquid jet engine

Duk wanda ya harbe daga wani firearm ko kawai kallo da tsari daga waje, san cewa akwai wani karfi da cewa lalle za su jinginar da gangar jikin da baya. Haka kuma, a lokacin da mafi haƙĩƙa dawo da cajin ƙaruwa. Just aiki da kuma jet engine. Its aiki manufa ne kama da yadda mayar da akwati tunkuxe auku a karkashin mataki na jet na zafi gas.

Tare da girmamawa ga makami mai linzami, sa'an nan shi a aiwatar, a lokacin da walai daga cikin cakuda ya auku, shi ne hankali da kuma ci gaba da. Wannan shi ne mafi sauki, m-propellant mota. Abin da aka sani ga duk model roka.

A cikin ruwa jet engine (LRE) don samar da wani aiki matsakaici ko da dirka da jirgin, a cakuda kunsha na man fetur da kuma oxidant. A karshen, kullum magana nitric acid ko ruwa oxygen. The man fetur a cikin roka engine ne kananzir.

The aiki manufa na wani jet engine cewa ya kasance a cikin samfurori adana har zuwa yanzu lokaci. Kawai a yanzu, ruwa hydrogen da ake amfani a cikinta. A hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga cikin abu na musamman turu ne ta ƙara idan aka kwatanta da na farko yalwatãwa nan da nan da kashi 30%. Yana da daraja yana cewa da ra'ayin amfani da hydrogen da aka samarwa da Tsiolkovsky. Duk da haka, data kasance a wannan lokaci, da kalubalen aiki tare da wannan sosai m abu ne kawai rinjãya.

Mene ne aiki manufa na wani jet engine? The man fetur da kuma oxidant shigar da aiki jam'iyya daga raba tankuna. Bugu da ari, akwai wani hira na gyara a cikin cakuda. Yana konewa, yayin da jaddada girma adadin zafi a karkashin matsin a cikin dubun atmospheres.

The aka gyara na aiki jam'iyya na wani jet engine zo a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. A oxidant aka gabatar a nan kai tsaye. Amma da man fetur ya wuce a daina hanya tsakanin jam'iyya da kuma bututun ƙarfe katangu. Akwai shi heats sama da, riga da ciwon high zazzabi, shi ne jefa a cikin konewa zone ta hanyar yawa nozzles. Bugu da ari, jet kafa ta bututun ƙarfe zahiri da ganin jirgin sama kai da tura maki. Wannan yadda za ka iya gaya wanda yake da manufa na wani jet engine ayyukansu (takaice). A wannan bayanin ba ya ambaci da yawa daga cikin aka gyara, ba tare da wanda LRE aiki ba zai yiwu ba. Daga cikin wadannan compressors da ake bukata don ƙirƙirar da ake so matsa lamba ga allura bawul, da wadata da na injin turbin da t. D.

zamani amfani

Duk da cewa da aikin wani mai jet engine na bukatar karin man fetur roka engine ci gaba da bauta wa mutanen da a yau. Suna amfani da wani babban propulsion roka Motors, kazalika for daban-daban shunting kumbon sama jannati da kuma sarari tashoshin. A jirgin sama ma amfani da sauran iri taxiways, waxanda suke da ɗan daban-daban yi da kuma zane.

A ci gaba da jirgin sama

Tun da farkon na karni na 20th, ga lokaci na fashewa yakin duniya na II, mutane da aka tashi kawai propeller jirage. Wadannan na'urori da aka sanye take da ciki konewa injuna. Duk da haka, ci gaban da aka ba yana tsaye har yanzu. Tare da ci gaban akwai bukatar haifar da ƙarin iko da ya fi sauri jirage. Duk da haka, da jirgin sama designers fuskanci wata alama unsolvable matsala. Gaskiyar ita ce, ko kadan karuwa a engine ikon da aka muhimmanci ƙãra jirgin sama nauyi. Duk da haka, hanyar fita da aka samu ta hanyar wani Banasare Frank Will. Ya yi wani sabon engine, da ake kira mai amsawa. Wannan sabuwar dabara ya ba da karfi impetus zuwa cin gaban jirgin sama.

Ka'idar aiki na wani jet engine jirgin sama ne kama da ayyuka na wata wuta tiyo. Ya tiyo yana da wani narrower karshen. Sunã gudãna a cikin kunkuntar bude, da ruwa da yawa qara ta gudu. Halitta da ikon da baya matsa lamba ne da karfi da cewa wuta wuya rike a hannun tiyo. Kamar wancan hali na ruwa za a iya bayyana ta da gaskiya, abin da ke da manufa na jet engine.

ramjet RD

Wannan irin jet engine ne mafi sauki. Gabatar da shi zai iya zama a cikin nau'i na wani bututu tare da bude iyakar, wanda aka saka a kan motsi jirgin sama. A gaban wani ɓangare na da giciye-sashe yana faɗaɗa. Ta hanyar wannan tsarin, da mai shigowa iska na rage gudu, kuma ta matsa lamba ƙaruwa. A widest wani ɓangare na wannan wani bututu ne mai konewa jam'iyya. Akwai faruwa da allura na man fetur da kuma ta m konewa. Irin wannan dumama aiwatar taimaka da kafa gas da kuma karfi bazuwa. Kamar wancan akwai wani jet engine dirka. Anfaninta duk da wannan gas, a lokacin da ja da wani karfi waje daga cikin kunkuntar ƙarshen tube. Yana da wannan craving da kuma sa da jirgin sama gardama.

amfani da matsaloli

Ramjet injuna da wasu drawbacks. Sun iya yin aiki ne kawai a kan cewa jirgin, wanda yake a motsi. A jirgin sama, wanda shi ne a cikin wani jihar da hutawa, A-Line RD actuate iya ba. Domin dauke a cikin iska wani jirgin saman bukatar wani Starter mota.

jawabi

Ka'idar aiki na wani jet engine turbojet jirgin sama irin, wanda shi ne bã tãre da rashin RAM RD, damar jirgin sama zanen kaya don ƙirƙirar mafi m jirgin sama. Ta yaya wannan sabuwar dabara?

Babban kashi located in a turbojet engine, - wani gas injin turbin. Da taimakon kore iska kwampreso, wucewa ta hanyar abin da matsa iska ne directed a ta musamman jam'iyya. A sakamakon konewa na man fetur (yawanci a kananzir) kayayyakin fada a kan injin turbin ruwan wukake fiye da kai da shi a cikin mataki. Next, da iska-gas kwarara wuce zuwa cikin bututun ƙarfe, wanda accelerates zuwa high velocities da halitta wani babban amsawa karfi na dirka.

ikon karuwa

Amsawa gogayya iya kara muhimmanci a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. Domin wannan dalili, da afterburning. Yana da wani alura ƙarin man fetur a cikin gas rafi tsere daga injin turbin. A sauran oxygen a cikin injin turbin taimaka wa konewa na kananzir, wanda qara dirka na engine. A mafi girma gudu shi qara da darajar kai 70%, yayin da kananan - 25-30%.