Tsarma sulfuric acid

Colorless danko sosai ruwa, tafasar zafin jiki na wanda 269,2 ° C, da kuma musamman nauyi - 1,83 g / ml a yanayi zazzabi (20º) - wannan shi ne sulfuric acid. Da narkewa batu na wannan abu ne kawai 10,3ºS.

A matakin na maida hankali na sulfuric acid ne sun fi mayar da kayyade factor domin ta yin amfani a cikin sunadarai da kuma masana'antu samar. Matsayin mai mulkin, akwai biyu na asali al'ada rabo taro matakan, ko a mai tsananin kimiyya ji, da za su gudanar na lamba bambanci tsakanin su ne ba zai yiwu ba. A cewar wannan rarrabuwa kasaftawa tsarma sulfuric acid da kuma mayar da hankali sulfuric acid.

Hulda da yawan karafa kamar baƙin ƙarfe, tutiya, magnesium, wannan abu saki hydrogen a lokacin da dauki. Alal misali, ta hanyar maida martani da baƙin ƙarfe dauki faruwa, wanda dabara aka rubuta kamar haka: Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2. Ya kamata a tuna da cewa tsarma sulfuric acid, wanda aka halin da kaddarorin a matsayin karfi oxidizer, kusan ba ya amsa tare da karafa da low aiki - tagulla, da na azurfa, da na zinariya.

Da yake ina da karfi oxidant, da fili yake iya oxidizing mai dogon jerin karafa, wannan dukiya da ke sa shi yadu amfani a fannoni daban daban na masana'antu samar.

Yawanci, ta maida martani da chemically aiki abubuwa, kamar magnesium ko sodium, a sakamakon da redox dauki samu ta hanyar da sulfur oxide (IV), kuma idan wadannan aiki abubuwa ne da karafa, da sakamakon dauki samar hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) da kuma sulfur (S ). Wadannan aiki karafa ne alli, potassium, magnesium riga aka ambata da sauransu.

Anhydrous, ko kuma shi ne ake kira, matuƙar mayar da hankali sulfuric acid, rauni ko ma ba ya yi mu'amala tare da karafa, kamar baƙin ƙarfe, saboda baƙin ƙarfe yana da matukar low sinadaran aiki. A sakamakon su interactions zai iya bauta wa kawai cikin samuwar surface na gami dauke da baƙin ƙarfe, mai ɗamfarar fim, a cikin abin da sinadaran abun da ke ciki ya hada da oxides. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa diluted sulfuric acid, kuma mafi mayar da hankali, adana da kuma hawa a kwantena zai fi dacewa sanya na karafa: titanium, aluminum, nickel.

Wannan abu ne iya oxidize ba karafa, da kuma ko nuna su oxidative Properties a cikin halayen da hadaddun abubuwa, abin da su ne rage jamiái. A halin da irin halayen da aka ƙaddara da mataki na maida hankali, wanda yana da tsarma sulfuric acid a cikin kowane hali. A daya hannun, a abu, ko da kuwa da taro matakin yana da yawa daga cikin halayyar Properties mallaki by sauran acid. Alal misali, shi ne iya hulda da oxides, kai zuwa warewa na salts. A wannan abu ya faru a cikin hulda da hydroxides. Bugu da kari, tsarma sulfuric acid, da dabara na da H2SO4, shi ne wani dibasic fili, wanda kuma Forms wasu halayyar kawai domin ta Properties a interactions da sauran abubuwa. Babban ayyukan da haifar a cikin salts daga wadannan interactions suna kafa biyu daban na matsakaici (a mayar da hankali acid), salts - sulfates kuma diluted zuwa - acid salts, hydrosulfates.

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, tsarma sulfuric acid - mai muhimmanci da kuma tartsatsi amfani da samfurin a cikin sinadaran masana'antu. Aikace-aikace a cikin wasu masana'antu sassa ma multifaceted. Saboda haka, shi da ake amfani a yi na wucin gadi zaruruwa, da kuma daban-daban iri robobi, takin, dyes. Acid Properties bukaci a yi na bama-bamai. A metallurgical masana'antu shi ne ba makawa a samar da karafa, amma kuma yadu amfani a matsayin gas na'urar bushewa.

Kalam na sulfuric acid - sulphate - an rayayye a yi amfani da aikin noma, masana'antu - a samar da Paints, takarda, roba, plaster, kuma mafi.