A ir sun sani. Great firtsi mutãne

Famous ir na duniya, Mun halitta mai yawa da amfani abubuwa ga mutãne. Su amfani ga al'umma iya wuya a overestimated. Mutane da yawa m binciken ajiye fiye da daya rai. Wane ne suka - da? Ir, san su da musamman kayayyaki?

Archimedes

Wannan mutumin ya ba kawai mai girma lissafi. Godiya ga shi, dukan duniya san cewa irin wannan madubi da kuma kewaye makami. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau da aka sani aukuwa - Archimedes dunƙule (auger), via wanda shi ne mai yiwuwa a yadda ya kamata ingiza. Abin lura shi ne cewa fasahar amfani a yau.

Leonardo Vinci

Ir, sanannen domin su m ideas ba ko da yaushe suna da damar da za su fassara ideas cikin aikin. Alal misali, laima taswirar, da jirgin sama, mutummutumi, tankuna, da kuma keke, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin wani sakamakon painstaking aikin da Leonardo Vinci, na dogon lokaci zauna unclaimed. A wannan lokaci kawai ba su da injiniyoyin da dama ga aiwatar da irin wannan m tsare-tsaren.

Thomas Edison

The kirkiro na phonograph, hoton tube da kuma wayar ta Reno shi ne shahararren masanin kimiyyar American. A Janairu 1880 shi bayar da lamban kira zuwa ga wani Lagwani fitilar, wanda daga baya ya zama shahararren Edison a kan dukan duniya. Duk da haka, wasu ba su la'akari da shi a baiwa, abin lura cewa ir, domin ta shahara aukuwa, aiki shi kadai. Amma Edison, ya taimaka da wani rukuni na mutane.

Nikola Tesla

Babban ƙirƙirãwa na wannan baiwa ya zo wurin rayuwa ne kawai bayan mutuwarsa. Duk abin da aka bayyana kawai: Tesla ya haka zurfin mutum, cewa babu wanda ya san game da aikinsa. Godiya ga kokarin da masanin kimiyyar polyphase tsarin na wutar lantarki da aka gano ya kai ga zargin sayar da wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, ya kafa harsashin ginin yaro-, makaman nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi, kimiyyar kwamfuta da ballistics.

Aleksandr Grem Bell

Mutane da yawa? Ir, sanannen domin su binciken, da kuma taimaka wajen sa rayuwar mu mafi alhẽri. A wannan za a iya ce game da Aleksandre Belle. Mun gode wa wuya aikin na mutane zai iya sadarwa, bisa wadãta, kasancewa dubban kilomita baya, da kuma duk - saboda wayar. Bell ma ƙirƙira da audiometer - musamman na'urar da kayyade nauyi. na'ura don bincika da taskarsu - da samfur na zamani karfe injimin gano illa. duniya na farko jirgin sama. model submarine cewa Alexander kansa ya kira jirgin ruwan hydrofoil.

Karl Benz

Wannan masanin kimiyyar ya samu nasarar aiwatar da babban ra'ayin na rayuwarsa: wani abin hawa da wata mota. Shi ne da godiya ga shi, yanzu muna da damar da za su hau a cikin motoci. Wani muhimmanci da sabuwar dabara Benz - da ciki konewa engine. Daga baya, kamfanin mota samar aka shirya, wanda a yau ne aka sani a duniya. Wannan Mercedes Benz.

Edwin Land

Wannan sanannen Faransa kirkiro ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga daukar hoto. A 1926, ya ya iya bude wani sabon nau'in polarizer, daga baya ya karbi sunan "Polaroid". Land kafa Polaroid kamfanin ya bayar da hažžožin da wani 535 ƙirƙirãwa.

Charlz Bebbidzh

Wannan Birtaniya masanin kimiyya a cikin karni na sha tara yi aiki a kan halittar farko kwamfuta. Shi ne ya yi suna da musamman na'urar kwamfuta inji. Saboda yayin da bil'adama ba shi da zama dole ilmi da kwarewa, Babbage ta kokarin yi ba nasara. Duk da haka, da m ra'ayoyin su ba sunk zuwa abu wulakantacce: Howard Aiken da Konrad Tsuze gudanar ya aiwatar da su a tsakiyar karni na ashirin da.

Benjamin Franklin

Wannan sananne siyasa, marubuci, jami'in diflomasiyyar, satirist da dattaku shi ma masanin kimiyya. Babban ƙirƙirãwa daga mutãne, wanda ya ga hasken godiya ga Franklin, wannan bifocal tabarau da kuma m urinary catheter, da kuma wani walƙiya sanda. Ban sha'awa al'amari: Benjamin fundamentally ba ya jadadda mallaka da wani daga cikin binciken, saboda ya yi imani da cewa dukkan su - gãdon bil'adama.

Jerome Hal Lemelson

Irin wannan mai girma sabuwar dabara bil'adama a matsayin fax na'ura, wani mara waya waya, wani mai sarrafa kansa ajiya da kuma tef cassette, an gabatar da jama'a Jerome Lemelson. Bugu da kari, wadannan masana kimiyya sun ɓullo da wani fasaha na Diamonds da wasu na'urorin kiwon lafiya da taimaka a lura da ciwon daji.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Wannan gane baiwa da dama Sciences shirya farko jami'a a Rasha. Mafi shahara zaman sabuwar dabara na Mikhail Vasilyevich - iska na'ura. Yana da aka nufi tada musamman meteorological kida. A cewar kwararru da yawa, shi Lomonosov ne marubucin da wani samfur na zamani da jirgin sama.

Ivan Kulibin

Wannan mutumin ba tare da dalili kira da haske wakilin karni na sha takwas. Ivan Petrovich Kulibin farkon yara sha'awa a cikin ka'idodin makanikai. Godiya ga aikinsa, mu yanzu amfani da mažallin na'urorin, Agogon da ƙararrawa, ruwa addashin injuna. Domin lokacin da ya ce firtsi sun kasance wani abu na almarar sallama. Sunan mahaifi baiwa ma ya zama wani gidan kalma. Kulibin yanzu kira wani mutum da ke da ikon yin ban mamaki binciken.

Sergei Korolev

A cikin Sphere da zai amfane aka manned cosmonautics, jirgin sama kayan aiki, gine na roka-sarari da kuma tsarin makami mai linzami makamai. Sergey Pavlovich sun fi mayar da gudummawar da nazarin sararin samaniya. Ya halicci kumbon sama jannati "Vostok" da "Voskhod", anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami, "217" da kuma dogon zango, "212", kazalika da roka jirgin sama, sanye take da wani roka engine.

Alexander Popov

Ya ƙirƙira rediyo da rediyo ne Rasha masanin kimiyya. Musamman samu aka riga da shekaru na bincike a cikin yanayi da yaduwa.

A babban likita da lantarki injiniya haifa a cikin iyali firist. Alexander da shida yan'uwa maza da mata. Tuni a cikin yara ya raha kira da farfesa, kamar yadda Popov wani m, na fata, m yaro, yana ƙin yi yãki, kuma m wasanni. A Perm tauhidin Seminary, Alexander S. soma nazarin kimiyyar lissafi na littafin Gano. Ya fi so abin wãsa da aka taron sauki fasaha na'urorin. Wadannan dabarun ne suka zo a m a nan gaba a lokacin da samar Popov jiki kida ga nasu muhimmanci gudanar da bincike.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

A bude wannan babban Rasha kirkiro yarda su kawo aerodynamics da kuma sarari shirin zuwa wani sabon matakin. A 1897 Tsiolkovsky gama aiki a kan iska rami. Ta hanyar sadaukar da tallafin, shi lasafta da juriya na ball, Silinda ko wasu gawawwakin. A samu data aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin ayyukansu Nikolai Zhukovsky.

A 1894 Tsiolkovsky gina wani jirgin sama tare da karfe frame, amma da damar gina irin wannan na'urar bai bayyana har shekaru ashirin da daga baya.

Rigima batun. The kirkiro haske kwan fitila - wanda shi ne ya?

A cikin halittar naúrar, samar da haske yi aiki a zamanin da. A samfur na zamani fitilu da aka earthenware kwalba da wicks sanya na auduga yarns. Ancient Masarawa zuba a cikin irin wannan akwati da kuma man zaitun ya ƙone ta. Mazauna na Caspian Sea aka yi amfani da irin wannan na'urorin sauran man fetur abu - man fetur. A farko kyandirori sanya a tsakiyar zamanai, kunshi beeswax. Sanannun Leonardo Vinci yi aiki tukuru don ƙirƙirar wani mai fitila, amma hadari lighting na'urar ƙirƙira a cikin karni na sha tara, a duniya na farko.

I har yanzu ba su gushe ba muhawara game da wanda yake lakabi na girmamawa na "ginãwa na haske kwan fitila." Na farko shi ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov, aiki duk rayuwarsa lantarki. Ya halitta ba kawai fitilar amma kuma lantarki kyandir. Last na'urar da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a rufe tituna. Wonder kyandir ƙone da rabi hours, bayan da sarkin ƙofa da za a maye gurbinsu da wani sabon daya.

A 1872-1873 gg. Rasha injiniya da kuma kirkiro Lodygin halitta haske kwan fitila a cikin zamani ma'anarta. A farko, emits haske ga talatin da minti, da kuma bayan yin famfo iska daga naúrar wannan lokaci ƙwarai karu. Bugu da kari, magabaci daga cikin ir da'awar Lagwani fitilar Tomas Edison da Dzhozef Svan.

ƙarshe

A ir na duniya ya ba mu dama na'urorin da cewa yin rayuwa mafi dadi da more bambancin. Ci gaba ba tsaya har yanzu, kuma idan har 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce da su aiwatar da duk pans kawai ba su da fasaha damar, a yau fassara ideas cikin mataki da yawa sauki.