Description Kalimantan

Island na Borneo - ne Indonesian bangare na Borneo tsibirin, shi ne kashi biyu bisa uku (532 205 sq. Km) na yawan area (743,330 sq. Km). A siffar tsibirin Borneo, ta har, Gwargwadon fasali da kuma halitta fasali na amfani ga mutane da yawa yawon bude ido. Wannan shi ne wurin da bankuna daga ko'ina cikin duniya da burin yin yawa masoya na namun daji.

Ina tsibirin Borneo

Located a cikin zuciya na Malay tarin tsiburai, wanke ta hudu tekuna, Kalimantan ruwansa da yawa kamar yadda jihohi uku: Brunei, Malaysia, da Indonesia, wanda ya mamaye mafi girma rabo daga ƙasa, kuma ya kunshi hudu larduna, mai suna daidai da jam'iyyun da haske: Tsakiya, West, South, Gabas. Malaysia sashi ba shi da 26% na jimlar yankin da kuma ya kasu cikin jihohin Sabak da kuma Sarawak.

Mene ne tsawon Kalimantan

Borneo, ta uku mafi girma a duniya da ta size - wannan shi ne wani shahararre yankin, mesmerizing kyau na namun daji, tare da impenetrable wurare masu zafi Jungle, da dama manyan koguna, bambancin Flora da fauna, wasu wakilan wanda ake samu ne kawai a nan. Daga kudu maso yammacin zuwa arewa-maso-gabas Kalimantan tsawon game da 1,100 kilomita. Akwai da dama fassarori da sunan: "Duniya mangoro", "Diamond River" a cikin girmamawa a gida kabilar - klemantanov. tsawon na tsibirin Borneo a kilomita, wurinta, yankin da kuma yanayi na ban sha'awa da yawa matafiya wanda mafarki don samun wannan yankin tare da m Jungle.

Island Tarihi

A farko natsuwa da suka zo daga Afirka, a tsibirin Kalimantan akwai na dogon lokaci - game da 50 000 da suka wuce. By da 15th karni Borneo ya zama wani ɓangare na Indonesiya daular Majapahit, na ciki na shi aka sanaki da mazauni, da kuma arewacin tip daga sama zuwa 18 ƙarni na waɗansu wadãta a waɗannan shekaru da Sultanate na Brunei. Turawa suka fara gano da ƙasa na Kalimantan a cikin 16th karni kuma zauna a kan shi azumi isa. har ma da Dutch kafa Gabas India Company, wanda shi ne manufar fitarwa zuwa sabon bincike ƙasashe na albarkatun.

Daga baya, tsibirin Kalimantan (photo a haɗe) ya mulkin mallaka mallaki Netherlands, a karshe iko da shi a cikin karni na 19th. A lokacin yakin duniya na II shi ya shagaltar da ta Japan. Independence na Jamhuriyar Indonesia aka gane a 1950.

A kadan game da Dayak

Kalimantan Island (photo bayyana nufin duk ruwan tekun Atlantika kyau na wadannan sihiri wuraren) an aje daga hanzari inganta wayewa. Akwai wani tsoho tarihi Monuments da makõma nisha. Ainihin mazauna tsibirin ne Dayak, in ba haka ba kira a matsayin "falalar dayansu" (tare da al'ada da kawo a cikin sansanin shugabannin warriors maƙiya kabilan). Sun taurare bi zuwa dage farawa saukar da ƙarni na al'ada. Yawan yan asali mutane ne game da miliyan daya mutane, kuma su zama da dokar Jungle, da kuma cinikayya a nemi birai da tsuntsaye da taimako na zamanin d makamai. Abu ne mai wuya a bango na kari na rayuwa su ne sha'awar a tsawon na tsibirin Kalimantan km. Dayaks zaune a dogon gidajensu, da ake kira lamins. a kowane na game da mutane 50. Girman kai domin mutãnensa, da heroism da kuma karimcin da aka bayyana a cikin gargajiya raye-raye - spectacle ne da gaske sabon abu da kuma m.

A duka yawan Kalimantan ne game da 10 da mutane miliyan, mafi yawansu ba su zauna cikin kogin bankuna da kuma ke tsunduma a cikin namo na ƙasar. City ma'abũta kamar ciniki da kuma daban-daban da sana'o'i.

Kalimantan lardin

Jamhuriyar Kalimantan - mafi girma a lardin na tsibirin ne wani yanki na 153564 murabba'in mita. kilomita. A duban farko, wannan yanki ya bayyana a matsayin mai ɗamfarar impenetrable gandun daji Jungle, yayin da kudancin shi - shi ne moorland, mai karko da manyan yawan koguna, da kuma zuwa arewa ne duwãtsu. A mafi yawansu - Bukit Raya, kai 2278 mita tsawo da kuma located a kan iyakar Tsakiya da kuma West Kalimantan. A mafi kyau birni na tsibirin yana dauke Palancar, aka asali ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin babban birnin kasar Indonesia.

Kudu Kalimantan (36985 sq. Km) - arziki m lardin sani ga babbar plantations na baƙin ƙarfe ne da roba itatuwa da kuma raba da wani dutse range Miratus kashi biyu: duwatsu tare da m wurare masu zafi da gandun daji da kuma filayen kwarinta da yawa koguna, da mafi tsawo na wanda - Barito (tsawon 600 km). A babban birnin Kudancin Kalimantan ne birni Bandazharmasin halin da yawa canals da kuma ban sha'awa birane gine. Alama ce ta birnin ne masallaci Sabila Muhtadin, sanannen tsayi minarets. A mafi girma da hankali ne janyo hankalin ta sabon abu iyo kasuwar a kan kogin ne m da kogin tashoshi. Dake kusa da Bandazharmasina lu'u-lu'u mahakar, inda hakan ma'adinai ne da za'ayi duwatsu masu daraja. A Borneo aka tasowa adibas na Diamonds da man fetur, da kuma man fetur ne a zaunanniyar da tattalin arziki na Indonesia da kuma Brunei.

Gabas Kalimantan maida hankali ne akan wani yanki na 194.849 murabba'in mita. km kuma shi ne na biyu mafi girma ɓangare na tsibirin da babban gari na Samarinda, shi ne mafi girma kasuwanci tashar jiragen ruwa, dake a cikin Mahakam River Delta da kuma sanannen gine-gine a kan stilts da rafts. Samarinda ne domin ta shahara crafts: kayan ado da lu'ulu'u, saka Rattan bagatelles, da mafi kyau yadudduka ga sarongs.

West Kalimantan

Yammacin Borneo (146,807 sq. Km) ne a thinned yankin tare da wurare masu zafi da gandun daji da kuma peat bogs. A nan, kamar yadda a kudancin tsibirin, akwai babban adadin koguna, da kuma mafi yawansu ba su ne cike da ruwa duk shekara zagaye. Barito, Mahakam da Kapuas navigable ga dama da ɗari kilomita. Af, a tsibirin akwai biyu Kapuas River, daya daga wanda faruwa a West Kalimantan kuma an dauki mafi tsawo kogin a Indonesia (1040 km) da kuma mafi tsawo kogin a duniya na tsibirin. Biyu Kapuas 600 km tsawon wata tributary da Barito da gudana a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na tsibirin. A babban birnin kasar na West Kalimantan ne a bakin teku birnin Pantianak tsallaka ekweita line. Tarik cancanci hankalin masu yawon bude ido ne Abdurrahman Masallaci, Sultan Palace Kadriarh, Museum of tukwane da ain, kuma City Museum da wani m abun da ke ciki, sadaukar da al'adu na zamanin d al'ummai.

Halayyar siffofin na Kalimantan

Wurare da dama a kasa Parks suna warwatse a kusa da tsibirin, nuna girmamawa na wurare masu zafi da yanayi, bambancin da bambancinsa da Flora da fauna. Flora Borneo arziki da kuma bambancin: dabbobi masu shayarwa kadai gabatar 222 jinsunan, wanda 44 ne ke fama. Ga za ka iya samun mai girma da birai, da giwaye, yawo lemurs, babban yawan jinsunan jemagu, damisa, kada, biyu-horned karkanda. A cikin dazuzzuka akwai wata babbar lamba na tsuntsaye - 600 jinsunan. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu: Bird - karkanda, aku, Argus. A fauna daga arthropod da kuma kwari don haka m cewa ya ba tukuna aka cikakken bincika. Bishiyoyi aka mamaye pandanus, bamboo, ficus multicore, wanda shi ne mai duka ɗan kurmi, kafa m tushen wata shuka cewa zai iya isa wani tsawo na 15-30 mita.

Lush gandun daji ne manyan itatuwa sprouting zuwa tsawo na daya da rabi kilomita. Daga cikin su - da sandalwood da rasamala. A itace daga wadannan wakilan da shuka duniya ne sosai muhimmanci da kuma shi ne tushen da shiri na aromatic muhimmanci mai, resins da balsams. A dutse kololuwa an rufe tare da gauraye ciyawa natsuwa da thickets na shrubs. Coast na Kalimantan kagaggun dausayi da kuma low-maƙaryaciya, sun kadan tattarã bays. Tare da bakin tekun lullube intermittent dogon shãmaki Reef.