Dissimilation - wannan ... Matakai dissimilation

Dissimilation - wani hadadden sinadaran halayen, a cikinsa akwai wani sauka a hankali bazuwar na hadaddun kwayoyin mahadi zuwa mafi sauki. Wannan tsari yana tare da a saki makamashi, da yawa daga abin da aka yi amfani da ATP kira.

Dissimilation a ilmin halitta

Dissimilation tsari ne m zuwa assimilation. Kamar yadda suka fara abubuwa batun lalata, aiki nucleic acid, sunadarai, fats da kuma carbohydrates. A karshe kayayyakin - ruwa, carbon dioxide da kuma ammonia. A bazuwar kayayyakin na dabba jiki da hankali jari dakatar da waje. Kuma shuka carbon dioxide da aka saki partially da cikakken ammonia a yi amfani da tsari na assimilation, bauta a matsayin fara abu domin biosynthesis hanyoyin gudanar da mahadi.

Dangantaka dissimilation da assimilation damar da kyallen takarda na jiki suna kullum updated. Alal misali, don kwanaki 10 a cikin jinin mutum albumin sabunta rabin Kwayoyin, kuma ga 4 watanni regenerate duk erythrocytes. da tsanani rabo na biyu gaban tafiyar matakai na rayuwa dogara a kan al'amurra da dama. Wannan mataki na ci gaba da kwayoyin, kuma yana da shekaru da kuma physiological jihar. A lokacin da girma da kuma ci gaba na jiki ta assimilation rinjaya, sakamakon form sabon Kwayoyin, tsokoki da kuma gabobin ne su bambance, da cewa shi ne, jiki taro yana ƙaruwa. A cikin hali na pathologies da azumi dissimilation aiwatar mamaye assimilation da kuma rage jiki nauyi.

Nau'in kwayoyin halitta a dissimilation

All kwayoyin za a iya raba kungiyoyin biyu, dangane da yanayin a cikin abin da Saide dissimilation. Shi ne aerobic da anaerobic kwayoyin. A farko bukatar free oxygen, da karshen bukatar ba gwada shi don rayuwa. A anaerobic dissimilation da fermentation Saide, wanda shi ne wani oxygen-free enzymatic narkewa kwayoyin halitta a cikin sauki. Alal misali, lactic ko giya fermentation.

Akayi dissimilation a aerobic kwayoyin: da shiri mataki

Tsakiyan nonon kwayoyin abubuwa a aerobes da za'ayi a cikin uku matakai. A kowane daga cikinsu akwai da dama musamman enzymatic halayen.

A mataki na farko - fage. Babban rawa a wannan mataki ne da a kwayar kwayoyin narkewa kamar enzymes dake a cikin gastrointestinal fili. A unicellular - lysosomal enzyme. A lokacin farko zamani sunadaran decompose cikin amino acid, fats samar da glycerol kuma m acid, polysaccharides bazu cikin monosaccharides, nucleic acid nucleotides.

glycolysis

Na biyu lokaci na dissimilation - glycolysis. Yana auku ba tare da oxygen. A nazarin halittu mahaluži glycolysis ne cewa shi wakiltar farkon tsagawa da kuma glucose hadawan abu da iskar shaka sakamakon a free makamashi adana a cikin nau'i na biyu kwayoyin na ATP. Yana auku a cikin jerin jere halayen wanda ya zama karshe sakamakon da samuwar daya kwayoyin na glucose biyu kwayoyin na pyruvate kuma wannan adadin na ATP. Shi ne a cikin nau'i na adenosine triphosphate adana makamashi kashi wanda rabu a sakamakon glycolysis Sauran watsawa za ta kasance a cikin wani nau'i na zafi. Chemical halayen da glycolysis: S6N12O6 2ADF + + + 2F → 2S3N4O3 2ATF.

A yanayi na oxygen rashi a shuka Kwayoyin kuma a yisti Kwayoyin piruvirat raba biyu aka gyara: ethyl barasa da carbon dioxide. Wannan ne giya fermentation.

The adadin makamashi sake a lokacin glycolysis ne kasa ga waɗanda kwayoyin wanda numfashi oxygen. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa dabbobi da mutane a high jiki exertion a cikin tsokoki da aka hada lactic acid, hidima a matsayin madadin ikon tushen da kuma accumulates a cikin nau'i na lactate. A halayyar alama wannan tsari ne fitowan da zafi a cikin tsokoki.

A oxygen mataki

Dissimilation - ne mai matukar rikitarwa tsari, oxygen da kuma na uku mataki ma kunshi biyu a jere halayen. Muna magana ne game da Krebs sake zagayowar da oxidative phosphorylation.

A lokacin da hadawan abu da iskar shaka da oxygen numfashi piruvirata zuwa karshe kayayyakin, wanda suke CO2 da kuma H2O. Wannan saki makamashi adana a cikin nau'i na 36 ATP kwayoyin. Sa'an nan kuma, wannan makamashi na samar da kira da kwayoyin abubuwa a wani roba allo. Evolutionary faru na wannan mataki saboda da jari daga kwayoyin da oxygen a yanayin da kuma bayyanar aerobic kwayoyin.

A wuri na oxidative phosphorylation (salula numfasawa) ne ciki membranes na mitochondria, wanda suna da kwayoyin transporter ɗauke da kai daga electrons to kwayoyin oxygen. A samar da makamashi samar a wannan mataki ne yaxuwa partially a cikin nau'i na zafi, da kuma sauran ke da samuwar ATP.

Dissimilation a ilmin halitta - shi ne samar da makamashi musayar, a dauki wanda shi ne kamar haka: S6N12O6 + 6O2 → 6SO2 + + 6N2O 38ATF.

Saboda haka, dissimilation - a sa na halayen faruwa saboda da kwayoyin abubuwa da aka baya hada da cell, da kuma free oxygen, wanda ya shiga daga waje yanayi a lokacin numfasawa.