Nature Area na Ukraine: steppe, gandun daji-steppe, gauraye gandun daji, tsaunuka

Kowane halitta sashi na Ukraine, yana da kamance da wasu, da kuma a bayyane da bambance-bambance. A daya kasar, akwai gauraye gandun daji da gandun daji-steppe, kuma duwãtsu, kuma steppe. Bari mu bincika kowane sashi dabam.

Zone gauraye gandun daji

Yana bautarka arewacin kasar. A surface zai fi dacewa ne lebur. Sunan wannan yanki na Ukrainian Polissya. Wannan shi ne wani ƙasar koguna, Marshes da tabkuna. Akwai wucin gadi kududdufai, da most of su - da Kiev tafki. Spring nan ne quite sanyi da kuma rigar lokacin bazaar, dumi (high mafitar rãnã warms da ƙasa da kyau), kaka ruwa, hunturu ba ma sanyi, da dusar ƙanƙara, thaws. Saboda da gagarumin adadin ruwan sama da kogin cika (polovodnye), kuma zai yiwu ambaliya a cikin bazara, tare da dogon lokacin da. Wannan halitta sashi na Ukraine ne quite rigar. Thawed da kuma ruwan sama da ruwa, percolating sannu a hankali a cikin ƙasa, ya samar da wata fadama. Akwai da yawa tabkuna da koguna. Sun ciyar da yawa kõguna sakamakon saki ruwan karkashin kasa zuwa surface.

Ciyayi zubar tiers: The saman - itatuwa, matsakaici - bushes (undergrowth), kasa - da ciyawa da kuma fungi.

A arewacin ne shagaltar da farko Pine da itatuwan oak. Don kudu, ban da wadannan itatuwa, akwai Birch, hornbeam, Aspen, Linden, alder, Maple. Undergrowth suke barberry, blackberry, daji ya tashi, rasberi, Hazel. A marshy yankunan su ne sau da yawa samu blueberries, kuma cranberries.

Farkon spring "bude" snowdrop, Anemone, Corydalis, Scilla Difolia. Bãya gare su akwai barci-ciyawa, violets, furannin kwarin, da bumps. By rani da gandun daji ne kawai inuwa-m da danshi-m shuke-shuke (mosses, ferns, daji Ginger). Daga cikin shuke-shuke girma a gefuna da clearings hadu Willow-ganye, valerian, chamomile, St. John wort, Yarrow, tansy. Masu raunin juriya kaka ganye da kuma mutuwa shuke-shuke samar da abin da ake kira zuriyar dabbobi, rike danshi. Ta ƙarshe rot, ya zama m asa. A fauna dokoki biyu herbivorous dabbobi (zomaye, beraye, barewa, Roe barewa, muz, bison) da ganima (hedgehogs, squirrels, badgers, daji aladu). A tafkunan da yardar shirya muskrats, beavers, otters. Lakes na gudãna ne mai arziki a cikin kifi. Related to ruwa newts, ciyawa macizai, frogs. A gefuna da kuma a cikin gandun daji na live kadangaru da macizai. A yawa na kwari boye a cikin haushi, leaf zuriyar dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke suna da wani delicacy ga tsuntsãye, mafi yawan abin da aka koma a cikin spring daga dumi (orioles, nightingales, flycatchers, cuckoos, starlings). Na kulle da gandun daji tabkuna bayyana Swans, fari storks, m cranes, sandpipers. Daga cikin mazauna - manyan woodpecker, m mujiya, itace takaddamarsu, Hazel takaddamarsu, black takaddamarsu. Domin kiyayewa da kuma kayan haɓɓaka aiki na halitta kafa reserves (Rivne, Poleski da sauransu.). Ya bambanta da ɗan daga cikin sauran bayyana halitta sashi na Ukraine.

gandun daji-steppe

A nesa daga gauraye gandun daji zuwa kudu akwai treeless yankunan - steppe. Wannan halitta yankin da aka kira da gandun daji-steppe na Ukraine. A nan, hunturu ne moderately sanyi da kuma lokacin bazaar ne dumi. A hazo ne kasa. Gona - black duniya. Halitta yanayi ne quite m ga masu rinjaye na horar da daji shuke-shuke. Scaffolding yawanci katako partially gauraye. Animals ne guda kamar yadda a cikin sashi na gauraye gandun daji. Shi ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga sauran halitta sashi na Ukraine dauke nan - da steppe. Yana bautarka mafi yawan kasar.

steppe

Ta Kudu na tẽkuna biyu (Black, Azov) da kuma daga gandun daji zone lullube daji yankin. Its surface ne zai fi dacewa lebur, tare da katakanta, ravines, tsaunuka. A rana ta fito a nan sama, duk da haka, wannan na halitta zone Ukraine (Steppe) halin da zafi sauyin yanayi. A lokacin bazaar ne ƙara da yawa warmer. A hazo ne kasa. Kaka ne dumi, na farko da rabin ta bushe, na biyu - ruwa. Winter tare da kadan snow, short, sanyi. Saboda da kaifi Yunƙurin a yawan zafin jiki da danshi cewa soaks ƙasa, evaporates da sauri. M iskõki wadda ta gabãta daga fari. Sanyi hunturu iskõki ne dalili na Blizzard da kuma hadari. Sunã halakar da tati.

A cikin matakan da manyan na gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu. A Danube Delta ne mai arziki a cikin sabo ruwa tabkuna da kuma Black Sea Coast - m estuaries. da dama kududdufai (cascades) da aka gina a kan Dnieper.

Tsire-tsire suna zai fi dacewa herbaceous. Shrubs itatuwa da ake samu a ravines da kuma kusa da gaba da ruwa gawarwakin - kawai akwai shi da isasshen danshi.

A farkon spring da steppe ne mai haske da kuma m. A kasar gona a wannan lokaci shi ne har yanzu isasshen danshi, da kuma shuke-shuke da yawa ji dadi sosai. Ga kuma hyacinths da irises kuma Adonis, kuma crocuses, kuma poppies da tulips da peonies. Tsaba da shuke-shuke ba kafin zafi ganiya. Wasu daga cikin "sake saita" na ƙasa (ta mutu). Tushen ci gaba da tara danshi da kuma gina jiki: gaba shekara da suka sake sprout da fure.

Ba da da ewa akwai karin Hardy, undemanding shuke-shuke: fescue, masu ɗaci, gashin tsuntsu ciyawa. A wasu m kunkuntar ganye, wasu - dogon Tushen cewa ba ka damar canja wurin zafi da rashin ruwa. By tsakiyar bazara shuke-shuke fara bushe up. Wind, daukana su har da birgima a cikin jeji, tana fitar da tsaba. Wannan alama halitta sashi na Ukraine a lokacin rani marigayi launin toka da kuma uninviting. The dabba duniya ne poorer fiye da a cikin gandun daji. Dabbobin da yawa da halayyar hasken rawaya launi, sabõda haka, sũ kasa m tsakanin wani iri na, yellowed ciyawa. Mafi yawansu ba su zauna a burrows. Yana mafi yawa hakori: mice, jerboa, gophers, marmots, hamsters. Nora tono badgers, Foxes, ferrets. Wadannan gidajen ne ma a wurin haihuwa na zũriyarmu, kuma wani tsari, da kuma wani wuri don rashin himma. A burrows haƙa da kananan dabbobi zauna yashi lizard, viper, steppe kunkuru.

Saboda da ikon motsa da sauri ya tsere daga m makiya steppe rare tsuntsaye da kananan bustards bustards.

A farkon spring iya ji da tsarkakewa daga wani Lark. Na kuri'un da aka kada, kuma quail. Za ka iya ganin m steppe cranes. Shawagi a sararin sama shaho, mikiya, kestrel, harrier. Su ganima a kan karami tsuntsaye da beraye.

A cikin matakan rayuwa da yawa kwari: fara ne kawai, malam, fara ne kawai, beetles. Suka ciyar a kan wasu sassa na shuka, kazalika da kasancewarsa fodder ga halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe, da tsuntsaye.

Domin kare kanka da kiyayewa wannan yanki halitta irin reserves matsayin Ukrainian steppe, Askania Nova, Lugansk.

Carpathian duwãtsu

Dauke talakawan tsawo. Kafa ta dutsen jeri. Tsakanin su ta'allaka da wani sosai picturesque kwarin. Yana saukad da yawa ruwan sama: snow - hunturu sama sosai - a dumi weather. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa akwai sau da yawa ambaliyar. Take a duwãtsu fãra yawa kõguna da waɗansu kõguna. Daga cikin su - da Dniester da Prut tare da manyan aikin gandu. Samu a cikin Carpathians da kuma kananan a lokaci guda quite zurfin crystal bayyana tabkuna.

A gangara yada deciduous gandun daji na itacen oak, hornbeam, Linden, Maple, Beech. Sama - mai sanyaya, akwai coniferous (Norway spruce, fir) gandun daji da aka riga gauraye. Underbrush form rosehips, Hazel, blackberry, kuma rasberi. Gefuna da clearings rufe herbaceous shuke-shuke, da yawa - kwayoyi. Mutane da yawa fungi (zuma agaric, fari, Aspen, mai, boletuses da dai sauransu).

Dabbobi a cikin Carpathians ne guda kamar yadda a filayen. Wannan barewa, hares, Foxes, Wolves, martens, otters, daji Boars, badgers, squirrels. Birds - takaddamarsu, takaddamarsu, hange woodpecker, baki da kuma Malabar tit, da yawa migratory songbirds tsuntsaye.

Akwai dabbobi, abin da ke faruwa yawanci a cikin Carpathian Mountains: ruwan kasa beyar, daji Cats, Lynx. Tsuntsaye - black storks, gaggafa, gaggafa, black woodpecker, Short-toed Eagle. Kawai a cikin wadannan duwatsu rayuwa da Carpathian kurege, snow vole, itace takaddamarsu Carpathian.

Don adana wannan halitta sashi na Ukraine kafa reserves (Gorgany, Carpathian).