Design. zane tarihi. Akayi zane ci gaba

Bi na ilmi da aka gani a zurfin tsufa. Wasu mutane suna tambayar kansu wannan tambaya na yadda za a ci gaba da aikin da iyayengijinsu. Wannan nazari da aka sadaukar domin wannan art, a matsayin mai zane. zane tarihi, fitowan da ka'idar da kuma matakai na samuwar - duk dauke da kara. Bayan sanya kadan tafiya zuwa baya, mai karatu zai koyi yadda za a ci gaba da ciki zane styles, da tufafi, da wuri mai faɗi.

definition zane

Fassara daga Italiyanci kalmar "zane" na nufin "shirin", "abun da ke ciki", "model". Kamar yadda ya bayyana a kwanan nan a Rasha, amma art kanta fara da nunawa mutane da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce. Modern kwararru da hannu dauke aiki dole ne ya san da yawa daga cikin siffofin da batun yankunan , kuma su iya amfani da su a yi, da samar da ayyukan. Jagora da ya craft aiki tare da haɗin gwiwar gine-ginen, abokan ciniki, magina, da kayayyaki da kuma kwangilar tsunduma a cikin kungiyar na ciki sarari.

A tarihin ka'idar zane

A farko ideas na dangantaka tsakanin kyakkyawa da amfanin jawo wa kansu da Girkanci Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Aristippus, Protagoras. A wannan lokaci akwai riga aiki a kan mutum dangane da inji. La'akari da m shugabanci yana da wadannan juyi na asalin.

1. A tsakiyar karni na XIX, da cin gaban masana'antu samar Ya halitta bukatar wani sabon irin aiki, da nufin zane da kuma wajen yin ilmi. Daidai kafa zane.
2. A ƙarshen XIX karni shi aka kafa ta da asali dokoki da ka'idojin da ka'idar, wanda daga baya ya rinjayi da Masters na makaranta. Saboda haka da zane ya zama hada art da kuma sana'a.
3. A farkon karni XX artists sun shagaltar da babban matsayin da a cikin masana'antar. Sun ci gaba da kamfanoni ainihi na kamfanonin da zai iya shafar samar da daban-daban da wutar lantarki kayan, motoci. Saboda haka da zane ya zama m da kuma masana'antu aiki.
4. Ana zargin digiri na biyu saboda da samuwar zane makarantu a XX karni.

Great taimako ga ka'idar da samuwar tarihi na zane yi da kuma ci gaba da yin periodicals.

Yadda ya yi da zane? 1st da 2nd, saukarwa

Samuwar wannan art a Rasha ne intermittent: bayan babban ci gaban low lalata faru. Amma karfi maki ko da yaushe ya kasance ado. A ci gaba da zane za a iya raba da dama, saukarwa.

A lokaci na farko (1917-1922) halittar zane da aka yi da za'ayi a wani karo da samar da agitation da taro art, kazalika da aiki zane na titi bikin da kuma siyasa rallies. A wannan lokacin, za mu fara yin amfani da sababbin dabaru don zayyana tallace-tallace, posters da kuma littafin kayayyakin, wanda shi ne farkon da ci gaban zane-zane.

A na biyu lokaci (1923-1932), Rasha ya zama daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin da horo na sana'a zanen kaya a samar da sassan. A wannan lokaci, ba mu kafa wani Concepts, yin kara ci gaba da na zane-zane, da kuma fara samar da ayyukan a kan tsari na gidajensu da wuraren aiki da kuma jama'a wurare. Kawasaki faru a collages, font formulations, littafin kayayyaki, graphics Poster.

A tarihin zane cin: da uku lokaci

Creative ayyuka a cikin shekaru 1933-1960 an tsaya saboda da gabatarwar da standardization manufa ya shafi ba kawai ga mutane amma kuma ya haifar da wani yanayi. Domin wannan dalili, shi ya kawo karshen zamanin da hadin kai na na ra'ayi na ado. A zane ne zuwa kashi da dama yankunan: batun-Baiti, ado-zane da kuma aikin injiniya.

Juyin Halitta na zane: 4th mataki

A ci gaba da art aka koma a kan hudu mataki, wanda ya gagarumin a cikin tarihi. A farkon 60s akwai na farko msar tambayar aukuwa a filin wasa na yanar gizo zane. A shekarar 1961 VNIITE (All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Ilmi) da aka halicce su. Ya wallafe sun lashe farko wuri a cikin al'adar Turai. La'akari da m aiki ya zama Popular. Mutane da yawa matsayin da aka bita, da dukan hankali da aka mayar da hankali a kan mabukaci kaya. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar Yammacin Turai makarantu na zane-zane ya canza salon na lokaci-lokaci sake. A cikin shekaru 70 na sosai mai daraja eclectic Trend na bege-style.

Lokacin da akwai zaman kansa ikon mallakar da kuma tsananta gasar (marigayi 80s - farkon 90s), da Rasha, da talla da ya zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki ga kasuwanci gabatarwa. An sa'an nan karfi ya karu amfani da zane-zane da kuma ya karu samar da wallafe, rarraba kayayyaki da kuma ayyuka.

Origin Interior Design

Mutane sun ko da yaushe ya nema ya haifar da wani kyakkyawan yanayi a cikin gida. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa sabis na sana'a zanen kaya ne a bukatar a wannan lokacin. Tarihi ciki zane fara da zamanin da. M mutumin da aka dauke wani kogo mazauninka, wanda ya qawata da duwatsu, fãtun, zane-zane a kan garun, itace tushen da kuma sauran kayan a hannunka.

Ancient Masar art fara dauki siffar a lokacin farkon mulkinsa. A al'ada da aka furta ka'idodinta monumentality kuma a tsaye. A wannan lokaci da gina aboveground kaburburan da binne sarari. A mafi muhimmanci gine da aka "Mastaba". Middle Mulkin yana dauke da tushe lokaci na woodwork. A Misira, a karon farko akwai wurin zama da baya, wanda daga baya ya zama template for duk kujeru, wadda ta zo a cikin zamani zane.

Tarihi ciki zane ne complemented gine-gine da kayayyakin sanya daga zamanin d Girka: dutse slabs, fale-falen, itace, bulo - duk amfani domin gina haikalin. Ganuwar da ceilings aka shafe da kuma ado da zane-zane. A wuri na musamman a kasar a cikin tambaya shagaltar sinimomi. Maimakon kofofin a gidajensu ne sau da yawa amfani da labule masana'anta, Popular wani gida yanayi. Su amfani mythological ko tarihi images. Furniture ado da zane-zane da kuma kyau inlay.

Ancient Roma ma bar wata alama a cikin tarihi na ciki zane. The mazaunan wannan kasa ne rayayye gina baho (tsoho baho), ciki datsa cewa rarrabe a real alatu: vaulted ceilings, mosaic benaye, yin iyo wuraren waha, da gidãjen Aljanna. A yanayi ne sau da yawa amfani da zinariya, da azurfa, marmara, itace, da tagulla, da hauren giwa.

Gothic al'adu da aka kafa a Faransa. Shi ne a cikin wannan kasar don amfani Twisted ginshikan da arched nau'i na arches. Ganuwar gabatarwa rufe plaster da fentin ceilings yi. A staterooms kafa na heraldic da garkuwoyi, da makamai, da kuma a kasa da stele saka Reed mats.

Features na samuwar wuri mai faɗi zane

Construction na sarari a kusa da su gidan ya dace a kowane lokaci. A wannan batun, tarihin wuri mai faɗi zane ya samo asali tare da Adam, ko da yake sunan ya bayyana game da 200 da suka wuce. Idan a baya mutane da aka karfi daura yanayi da kiyaye wani lambu, a yanzu da suka kirkiro musamman irin kusa da gidan ga kyakkyawa.

A farko Parks zuwa stroll akwai daga farkon bawa tsarin, da kuma mallakar arzikin strata al'umma. A mafi kudi halin da ake ciki na mai shi, shi ne mafi kyau, gõnaki da suke kewaye da gidaje. Kowace kasar wuri mai faɗi zane ci gaba a wani daban-daban shugabanci.

A zamanin d Misira, firistoci suka girma a cikin launi daban-daban tare da dabara dadin dandano, da kuma a kan surface na jikin ruwa dashi lotuses. A zamanin mulkin Cleopatra horar da wardi. A Thebes shi ya tartsatsi pergola ne a tsarin da shuke-shuke da 'ya'yan inabi, wanda lullube ta ƙasar kotu.

Development of wuri mai faɗi art a Farisa ya fara da halittar reserves tare da daban-daban irin dabbobi (aladu, zakuna, zata tsage-hoofed), da nufin farauta. Yana zo daga Farisa neatly gutsure Hedges, delivshie shakatawa a cikin daban-daban zones.

Sin da Japan - kasashen, masu tasowa, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zamanin d falsafancin da addinai, kira ga hadin kai na mutum da yanayi. Saboda haka, a cikin gidãjen Aljanna da mazauna halarci jikin ruwa, da duwatsu, ko gazebo, samar da zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali zane.

A tarihin wuri mai faɗi zane a Rasha ne kama da Turai daya. A XVII karni akwai Botanical greenhouses, da kuma wuraren shakatawa. Sai suka fara girma tulips, hyacinths da daffodils, wanda ya zo daga Holland. Tun da rai ya canza a kan lokaci, da kuma sabon styles aka hankali maye gurbin tsohon. Musamman canje-canje a cikin lambu gine bayyanannu a cikin XIX da XX karni.

A ci gaba da fashion a duniya

A tarihin fashion design fara dauki siffar tun zamanin da, kamar yadda mutãne suka yi ko da yaushe ya nema ya haifar da wani kyakkyawan, dumi da kuma dadi abubuwa. Dangane da al'adu, shi ya sanya na musamman kayayyaki, hairstyles da na'urorin haɗi. fashion zane raba da mutane a kan dukiya da kuma caste matsayin (sojoji, ma'aikata, yan kasuwa, manoma). Active ci gaban fashion fara bayan bayyanar yadudduka, zaren da kuma dinki inji.

Primary kafofin of fashion zane ne shagunan a Faransa da kuma Italiya, wanda Teloli sun zama real kwararru. A tsakiyar zamanai dauke art ba ɓullo da matsayin al'ada tufafi ne ba maraba. Duk da haka, a cikin Renaissance akwai wani canji, da kuma tarihi na fashion aka supplemented da sabon events: akwai wani festive tufafi, tufafi ga Ladies, kazalika da dumashi da siliki. Neckline kara bunkasa, kuma Ya ƙãra low-sare dress. Zeitgeist ne ko da yaushe matukar yin tasiri a zane.

A tarihin mata tufafi zane na XX karni da aka supplemented da m namiji model wando da kuma jacket. Sun bar su da alãmarsu, da kuma yaki, bayan da akwai wani gashi. A halin yanzu, fashion ne a kowace kasa, kuma fashion zanen kaya a duk faɗin duniya nuna aikinsu.

Design - shugabanci na m aiki da cewa bai taba tsaya a nan ba cewa matakin. A cikin mutane, akwai sabon bukatun da ra'ayoyi, da kuma Masters su craft fassara ideas cikin gaskiya ko haifar da nasu na asali style. Saboda haka wannan art ne a akai ci gaba.