Emerson Ralf Waldo: biography, kerawa

New England wa'azi, mawãƙi, malami, daya daga cikin shahararrun marubuta da kuma masana falsafa na karni na 19th - Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ya gabatar da wata babbar yawan masu karatu tare da sabon da m falsafa, da cikakken juya su sabõda hukuntanka.

Samar da mabiyansa da talented mawallafa, ba su abinci don tunani, kafa falsafar Transcendentalism - All na sama zai iya yin mutum daya - Ralph Emerson.

biography

Haife marubuci a Amurka a wani babban iyali. Daga cikin 8 yara haife Ralph Emerson 4. Mahaifina ya da wani fasto na wani coci a Boston. Mun zãɓe wannan sana'a da yawa maza a kan mahaifinsa gefen. Saboda haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa nan gaba ayyuka da kuma soyayya na adabi, ya gada daga mahaifinsa, ya kuma ko da yaushe kasance sha'awar kai-ci gaba da kuma ilmantarwa.

A cikin shekaru 14 da shekaru, Ralph ya zama dalibi a Kolejin Harvard. Kuma a cikin 18 sauke karatu daga gare shi da kuma fara koyarwa a wata makaranta ga 'yan mata, aka kafa ta kawunsa.

A 1826, Emerson ya zama wani fasto, amma ya ya tãɓe a cikin wani gajeren lokaci a ofishin. A jawo zai zama, lokacin da matarsa Ellen Tucker a 1831 zai kawo tarin fuka. Wannan taron da kuma ya jagoranci Emerson ta yi watsi da matsayin firist, ya ne heartbroken, kuma da bangaskiya, wanda ya yi shakka kafin daga karshe Porush, sai ya ga falsafa a duk abin da yake faruwa.

tafiya

Tun 1833 ya fara yin wani rai da tafiya a fadin kasashe da nahiyoyi, da kuma bayar da laccoci, da kuma ta 1850 ya zama sananne ga duniya, kulawa don ziyarci Faransa, Canada, Ingila, California. Akwai ya gana da yawa shahararren Figures, kamar Tomas Karleyl, Sama'ila Taylor Coleridge da Uilyam Vordsvort.

Kamar yadda Ralph yanke shawarar da ya shirya a Concord (Massachusetts) a 1834, kuma a shekara ya aure a karo na biyu zuwa Lidii Dzhekson. Daga baya, a cikin '40s, ta ba shi yara hudu: Yara Biyu da kuma' yan mata biyu. A shekara daga baya, Emerson Ralf saki ta halarta a karon littafin, "Nature", a cikin abin da ya bayyana falsafar Transcendentalism, ya zama kafa na da ra'ayin kasar su. A littafin da aka buga edition na kawai ɗari biyar kofe, amma suka sayar da fiye da shekaru biyar. Ko da yake wannan aiki na farko, watakila, za a iya gani a matsayin mafi kyau. Marubucin ya gaya game da abubuwa da yawa da cewa wani mutum ba ya lura cewa, ko da dewdrops ne takaice talikai. Za ka yi imani da kanka da kuma sauraron ciki duniya. Ya shawarta a falsafar Transcendentalism zama Tomas Karleyl. Kuma rubutu a littafin wahayi zuwa gare ta Eastern falsafa da kuma Jamus.

A Concord, sai ya sadu da wani yawa na marubuta da suka goyi bayan da ra'ayoyin, kamar Margaret wanki, Genri Devid Toro, da kuma Amos Bronson Alcott.

American transcendentalism

Ya laccoci cewa Emerson Ralf jagoranci a cikin 30s, ya buga a cikin nau'i na wata muqala. A duk wadannan almara zai kasance a kan nuni, ya falsafa, wani kwarewa cewa ya ɗauki kan da ya sanya kansa, da dukan abin da na bayyana karara a cikin dukan falsafa da kuma da yawa daga ideas. Kuma daga baya a cikin laccoci ya tura mawallafa a sami nasu salon da ba a yi koyi da kowa, da kuma musamman kasashen waje Masters.

Hadishi shi ne mafi muhimmanci, tsakiyar adadi, ya kasance a asalin American Transcendentalism, Emerson Ralf sanar da cewa daya kamata amince fãce kansu, kuma yanayi. Amma Allah da kuma yanayi dole ne a dauki ta hanyar wahayi. A cikin rubuce-rubucen da shi ya ce Allah - shi ne ba wani abu m da ba a sani ba, kuma ya kasance a can a dukan mu. Za ka iya fahimtar Allah da neman a kansa kuma ji dangane da yanayi. Da falsafar a lokacin akasin duk al'ada hikima.

halittar

M Emerson Ralf aka bayyana a cikin littattafai na zamantakewa daidaici, sa'an nan cewa a gaban Allah da dukan mutane ne daidai, kowa da kowa zai iya kuma ya kamata a inganta, ya zama da kusanci da hadin kai na mutum da yanayi, mutumin dole ne a tsarkake daga low-kwance moriyar kuma ku yi jihãdi ga mafi kyau.

Duk da yake cikin sauran tunani shi ne a bit utopian, fi dacewa, marubucin ya yi magana game da rayuwa cikin jituwa da kanka da kuma yanayi. Diraya - kadai hanya zuwa fahimta da kanta. Daidai da'awar Ralph Emerson.

Books ya taba daina buga. Daya daga cikinsu - "makala" (1844). Ko wannan nasara collections, da aka buga a cikin 50s: "Wakilai daga mutãne" (1850), "Features na Turanci rai" (1856). "Tarbiya Falsafa" (1860) - tarin kunshi sassa biyu.

Poems da quotes

A lokacin daga 1846 zuwa 1867 samar da dama bugu na shayari ayoyi. The waka "Brahma", "Days", "Blizzard" da "Konkordsky take" ya zama wani take classic na wallafe-wallafen Amirka. A cikin ayyukansu, marubucin shãfe a kan saba jigogi da images for shi, amma da yawa yi imani da ayoyin Ralph Emerson unduly matsananci da m.

"Idan wani mutum yana neman kyakkyawa, ba saboda bukatar daga bangaskiya da kuma soyayya, amma saboda yardar, shi ne kaskanta a matsayin mutum."

Marubucin yana cewa Ralph Emerson. Quotes cewa zo da zamani karatu, shi ne har yanzu ban sha'awa da kuma dacewa. A cikinsu, ya yi magana a kan da dama batutuwa ban sha'awa da Falsafa, yana da wuya a overestimate ya taimako.

Daga baya aiki da kuma rayuwar

A baya ayyukansu, Emerson ya daina zama haka categorical. A 60 ta ya fara kula da matsalolin a cikin al'umma, misali, ya bayar da shawarar da yarjejeniyoyin da bauta a Amurka , da kuma har yanzu ya ci gaba da tafiya a fadin kasar don bada laccoci. Na zabi for Abraham Lincoln, amma ya m bayan wannan aiki, domin shi ne ma jinkirin alkawuran da abolition na bauta.

A cikin '70s da kiwon lafiya ya rincabewa, amma duk da wannan ya ci gaba da rubuta takardunku, kokarin canza duniya. Duk da yake yana bayar da laccoci ya ba da isasshen tsaro.

Ralph Waldo Emerson ya mutu a kan Afrilu 27, 1887 da kuma karshen rayuwa ya kasance da aminci ga ra'ayoyi da kuma akida. Ayyukansa da wani gagarumin nauyi a cikin kafuwar wallafe-wallafen Amirka, addini da kuma falsafa na 19th karni.

mabiya

Da ra'ayoyin da babban tasiri a cikin aikin na da yawa wallafe-wallafen Figures. A musamman, ya protege Genri Devida Thoreau, kazalika da zamani, Walt Whitman.

Ilimin falsafa pragmatism for sosai kusa da ra'ayoyi, da kuma dogara ne a kan irin wannan ra'ayi. Kuma marubuta kamar Emily Dickinson, Robinson da kuma Frost, aka yi wahayi zuwa da ayyukan da Falsafa, wanda shi ne a fili muhimmanci da tasiri a kan su aiki.

Ya yi mai yawa magoya a Turai, musamman a Jamus. Sananne Friedrich Nietzsche aka yi wahayi zuwa ga ideas, cewa bayan da ya bayyana a cikin aikinsa. Amma a Faransa ta kama nasara ba nasara, amma mun san cewa wasu muhimmanci mutane a cikin tarihi ban sha'awa a aikinsa da kuma aiki.

A cikin Rasha translation aikinsa fitar da juyin juya hali, da kuma ma muna da wani yawa na aficionados. A musamman, tasirin da take da za a iya gano a cikin ayyukan Lva Tolstogo.

Ko da yake akwai biyu magoya bayan da kuma wadanda suka bar mummunan reviews - wadanda mutane kamar yadda Edgar Allan Poe da Nathaniel Gorton. Amma ya kamata a lura da cewa karshen ce cewa unacceptable ra'ayoyi na Emerson, amma ya tausaya shi a matsayin mutum.