Evfrosiniya Polotskaya: rayuwa, ilimi da ayyukan

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya - shi ne na farko Belarushiyanci, da kuma bisa ga wasu littattafan tarihi, da kuma Eastern Slavic malama. Bugu da kari, mun san shi kuma a matsayin mace ta farko a Rasha, ƙidaya daga cikin tsarkakansa. Duk da cewa rayuwa Euphrosyne fadi a kan lokacin da Kristanci ya riga ya raba, shi ne daidai high karrama matsayin Orthodox da kuma cocin Katolika.

Babban isa yabo na tsarkaka suna dauke fassarawa da kuma sauya rubũtun tamkar littattafai, kazalika da gina nasu gidajen lama da majami'u, wanda yake shi ne hakikanin ilimi cibiyoyin da sarauta daga Polotsk.

Shahararren Princess

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya ... The sunan rubuta a zinariya haruffa a shafukan da ba kawai rai na ruhaniya cewa wanzu a Gabas Slavic nata, amma kuma a cikin dukan tarihin al'adu na Belarus.

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya - gimbiya da kuma Nun. Amma sama da dukan, shi ne sananne malama, wanda ya bar ba za'a iya mantawaba memory a cikin zukatan mutane. Tsakanin yanzu lokaci da zamani, lokacin tana da wani sanannen gimbiya, shi ne fiye da takwas ƙarni. Kuma haka babu wani abu abin mamaki a gaskiyar cewa ba yawa bayani game da shi ya kasance a cikin tarihi na Gabas Slavic mutane. Duk da haka, suna iya tantance yadda mai girma polochanke talented mace-enlightener, nuna ta Turai muhimmancin. Dukkan ayyukan Euphrosyne, kamar ta shahara compatriots Smolyatich K. kuma K. Turowski, ba tare da wani shakka, ya ce babban ci gaba al'adu, wanda aka lura a wadannan shekaru a kan Belarushiyanci ƙasar.

A Life of Saint Princess

Future St. Euphrosyne na Polotsk aka haife shi a 1110. Da farko, ta ba da sunan Predslava. Ta kasance 'yar Polotsk prince Svyatoslav (dan Vseslav Sihiri), da kuma lissafta ga mai girma-jikanyar Princess Rogneda kuma Prince Vladimir. Uba Predslava ba samu gādon daga iyayensu, sabili da haka, tare da iyali ya rayu a kotu da ya wana - Boris Vseslavich.

A littafin "The Life of Euphrosyne" da aka rubuta a cikin marigayi 12th karni. Its marubucin ne ba a sani ba. Mafi m, shi ne mazaunin ko m rai a gidan sufi, kafa ta Princess. Akwai wani babban yiwuwa, da kuma cewa marubucin littafin - da almajiri kanta Euphrosyne. Amma zama da cewa kamar yadda shi may, wannan labari daki-daki, gaya masu karatu a game da rayuwar mai tsarki mace.

Abin baƙin ciki, "A Life of ..." a ta farko edition ga wannan rana ba ya zo. Dalilin da cewa - yaki da gobara. Duk da haka, za mu iya karanta littafin a cikin shida bugu kuma kusan 150 listings. Wannan shi ne wani tabbaci na mai girma shahararsa na samfur. Daya daga cikin mafi kayatarwa lists ne Pogodinskaya. Yana Dates baya ga 16th karni.

"A Life of St. Euphrosyne na Polotsk" ne mai real abin tunawa na Gabas Slavic hagiographic adabi na 12th karni. Rubutu na littafin da aka gina a kan canons cewa bambanta hagiography. An yi imani da cewa wannan aiki yana da wani pervoobrazets. Suna iya da kyau zama samfurin na "The Life of Euphrosyne na Alexandria." Duk da haka, marubucin na tunawa daga Gabas Slavic adabi ya sanya a cikin aikinsa mutum halaye. Saboda haka, masu bincike lura da haske da hirar da monologues mafi Euphrosyne. Shi ne wata ila cewa su aka dauka daga littattafan da aka rubuta da tsarki gimbiya.

A tsarin da "Life of Euphrosyne"

Famous aikin da aka riga da wani rhetorical gabatarwar, gargajiya hagiography. Wannan ne ya bi da babban kashi. Yana gaya game da rayuwar wani saint polochanki gaskatãwa ta ruhaniya hawan. A karshe ɓangare na aikin - yabo. A nan, duk da hagiographic al'ada, babu labaru na mu'ujizai sun faru postmortem. Ga waɗanda ba su yi karanta "The Life of Euphrosyne," a takaice daga cikin littafin, za a ba da ke ƙasa.

Ƙishirwa ga ilimi

Aiki "The Life of Euphrosyne" ya gaya mana cewa tun suna yara ta nuna ƙauna mai girma ga salla daga cikin zuciya da kuma zuwa ga littattafai. Predslava su ilimi, a cewar daya source, ya samu a St. Sophia Cathedral da kuma a kan sauran - gidan, kai tsaye a yarima ta kotu (wannan version yana dauke mafi kusantar).

Malamai 'yan mata sun kawai na ruhaniya mutum. Sun yi mata ilimi, maimakon yin amfani da litattafan hagiographic adabi da kuma Littafi. Daga cikin kalmomin da malamai da kuma na tarihin rayuwa tsarkaka 'yan mata samun ra'ayin dokoki da al'adun da ya wanzu a cikin sufi. Kimiyya da aka bai wa ta sauƙi. A mutunta mutane da yawa da shi ya wuce na takwarorina. A "The Life ..." ta ce sabon abu soyayya na koyo, mai ikon da himma. A Predslava shi yana samun littattafai. A gidanta da aka sararin library, inda ban da addinin wallafe-wallafe yarinya karanta wani labari game da exploits na Alexander Mai girma, daga tarin na Jagora kuma faxin, da sauransu. D. Da ɗan baya shi ya zama interested in da ayyukan da bayyana tauhidin fassarar jigon yanayi, kazalika da littattafai tare da tsohon tarihin .

A "The Life of ..." da kuma bayyana cewa, da yarinya daga farkon shekaru na hada soyayya na ilimi da mayar da hankali da salla. Ta hikima "chudilis" ba kawai iyaye. The daraja na Predslava sayar wa birane da yawa.

Zabi na rayuwa

Princess of Polotsk ya ba kawai ga hikimarsa, amma kuma kyakkyawa. Duk da haka, akwai da yawa shawarwari ga mata aure, ta ƙi ba tare da jinkirin. Predslava sane yanke shawarar bari rãyuwar dũniya a shekaru 12 da haihuwa. Wannan wani lokaci a lokacin da iyaye na farko ya fara tunani game da yin aure 'yar. Yarinya ya jagoranci ra'ayin sadaukarwa sabis don kyawawan akida da kuma muhimmancin ruhaniya da ci gaba. Princess yanke shawarar zuwa ga "Angon ta" - Kristi.

Predslava kusata zauna a Polotsk dan uwan, da gwauruwa ta kawun Roman Vseslavich. Ta kasance abbess, da kuma iya taimakawa ta zama Nun. Duk da haka Predslava m kyakkyawa da ta matasa shekaru da jũna haihuwa Princess m tare da alkawuransu. Lallashe haihuwa gimbiya taimake zurfin ilimin da kuma high addini 'yan mata. Abbess kira a kan, firist, suka tonsured, bada Predslava sunan Euphrosyne.

zuhudu shekaru

Wasu lokaci Evfrosiniya Polotskaya dauki Ubangiji biyayya makaranta. A lokaci guda, ta zauna a wannan sufi, a cikin abin da ya dauki shãmaki. Duk da haka, daga baya ta samu albarkar da Bishop na Polotskogo Ilii kuma ya tafi ya zauna a cikin St. Sophia Cathedral. Ta dakin wani cell - "golbets dutse." A wannan babban coci Euphrosyne musamman janyo hankalin zuwa laburare. Daga cikin littattafan da cewa ya kasance a cikinta, da Nun "tare da cikakken hikima" da kuma warai fahimta ta taimaka mayar da hankali ban mamaki gimbiya.

Duk wadannan shekaru, da m ba a bar soyayya na koyo. Kuma yayin da an yi imani da cewa ruhaniya ilimi shi ne wani ɓangare daga sadaka da kuma soyayya ga mutane. Euphrosinia fara tasiri a littafin, bude hikimar yin amfani da su aiki. A waɗannan shekaru, shi ne kawai da mutanen da aka tsunduma a aiki. Kuma da sosai cewa irin wannan aiki ya dauki wata budurwa, a kanta ne mai feat.

Wasu daga cikin littattafan, kofe Euphrosyne, ya tafi sayarwa. Saide daga wannan kudi a request na nuns mika fita ga matalauta. A daidai wannan lokaci da sanannen Princess fara rubuta nasu littattafai. A cikinsu, ta imprinted koyarwar da salla, kazalika da yin fassara daga Latin kuma Helenanci. Bugu da kari, Euphrosyne ya a sadarwar tare da 'yan'uwa a cikin ruhu da kuma tare da su compatriots. Daya daga cikinsu shi Kirill Turovsky. A wannan yanayin, Reverend bai je yaki data kasance tsohon hadisai. Ta nemi "haske haske", abin da aka nuna kuma mafi girma hikimar mata.

Bude nasu makõmarsu

Bisa ga "Life of ...", Iliya - Bishop na Polotsk - samu daga Allah ta mala'ikan tabbatarwa Heights na asceticism da sabis Euphrosyne. A lokaci guda wani iko mafi nuna masa cewa ya kamata sa a Nun a kai na sufi. Sau uku tare da wani irin sakon da mala'ika ya kuma St. Euphrosyne, wanda gladly yarda da zabi na Almasihu. Domin da wuri daga cikin sufi da aka tsare a cikin tafiya nesa daga Polotsk Selco. Akwai kuma wani Church na Mai-Ceto da kuma aka located wurin jana'izar bishops.

A kauri canja wuri na alƙarya na St. Euphrosyne da aka gudanar a St. Sophia Cathedral. The bishop albarka da Reverend Iliya ya gina a cikin wannan wuri mai Convent.

A heyday na sufi

Euphrosyne na Polotsk zama kafa na Ruhu Mai Transfiguration nunnery. Wannan sufi suka yadu da aka sani ko'ina cikin ƙasar Polotsk. Yana ma ya zama wani Nun, da 'yan'uwanku mãtã Euphrosyne.

'yan matan makaranta da aka kafa a sufi. Yana da aka za'ayi ilimi da ayyukan Euphrosyne. Princess, halartar matasa 'yan mata, kuna koya musu waƙa, da rubutu da littattafai, handicrafts da kuma wasu masu amfani cinikai. Ya kula da Nun, da cewa yarinya san dokar Allah, kuma sun kasance jure wahaloli da yawa. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa makaranta dogara ne a Tsarki Transfiguration sufi, shi ya ƙwarai da gudummawar da m flourishing sufi.

Haikali yi

A cikin tsakiyar karni na 12th a shafin na katako coci Evfrosiniya Polotskaya yi cikinsa to kafa wani dutse. Domin ganin na da mafarkin da ta zo ga shawara zuwa ga Yahaya. Wannan m ya riga ya kwarewa a gina haikalin. A cewar "A Life ..." duk da aiki suka tafi wajen sauri. Tuni bayan makonni 30 Euphrosyne haikalin da aka gina. Yana da aka bude a 1161. "Rayuwa ..." ya gaya na divas cewa ya faru a karshen na yi. Yana kunshi a gaskiyar cewa a cikin yi tsari ne da ya ƙare, tubali, da na dutse magina bai san yadda za a kammala aikinsu. Amma kashegari, bayan salla na saint, da mayen samu dama abu a cikin gagarumar wuta.

Haikali Euphrosyne taba ceases gigice masu bincike. Ya bambanta daga cikin mutane da yawa wurare a lokacin da ta rabbai, gable rufi, kazalika da sabon abu elongation na drum. M baƙo bayyana, kuma kaina ciki na coci duk da m ganuwar, shi ne ɗora Kwatancen da lokacin farin ciki da ginshiƙai.

kayan aiki haikali

Bayan gina sabon coci Euphrosyne ciyar rayayye aiki don tabbatar da cewa Haikalin Allah, akwai kome zama dole ga ibãdarsu. A Nun ya gayyace artists wanda fentin ganuwar Littafi Mai Tsarki al'amuran, a cikin abin da images of tsarkaka da aka nuna. Amazing for da kyau hotuna da aka sa a cikin mawaka, kazalika a cell tsara domin Reverend.

Domin ka zauna a coci samu Euphrosinia icon na Virgin (banmamaki Hodegetria Afisa). Bisa al'ada, shi ya rubuta Luka da bishara kansa.

bagaden giciye

A wuri na musamman a cikin sabon coci da aka bai da abubuwa da cewa sanya mafi kyau mai yin kayan ado Kievan Rus Lazar Bogsha. Wannan giciye Euphrosyne. Ya yi umurni da Nun ne musamman gina mata coci. A kan giciye, sun duba wurin ainihin ranar sarrafa (1161) da kuma sunan da ubangijinsa.

Cross na Saint Euphrosyne ne shida nuna siffar. A cewar malaman, wannan shawarar ne wata alama ce da primeval haske. Shida na ƙyallen maƙalawa a giciye yana nufin wadanda kwanaki shida, a lokacin da Allah ya halicci duniya. Ado fitacciyar tsoho kayan ado art zane a kan dukan tarihin na Sabon Alkawari da kuma farkon Church. Cross (ga photo) Euphrosyne da siffofi na Almasihu da kuma Budurwa, Arhangela Gavriila da kuma Michael, Manzanni Paul da Bitrus, mafi tsarki Euphrosyne, kuma Ioanna Predtechi. Ƙawata wannan tarihi gagarumin abu mai daraja karafa da kuma duwatsu.

Amma sauran kaya na musamman da darajar a haɗe barbashi mai tsarki sauran kaya. Saboda haka, a cikin sama crosshairs a gaban gefe na giciye da aka sanya jinin Almasihu. Dan kadan a kasa - da "Tree of Life-bayarwar su." A cikin manya crosshairs a baya gefe yana da wani dutse dauka daga Holly Virgin, da kuma wurin sa a kasa da barbashi Kabarin.

Abin baƙin ciki, a lokacin yakin da Nazi Jamus, da shrine ya bace. Wannan Cross, kazalika da sananne Amber Room, an dauki daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da ayyukan art, da search ne har yanzu faruwa. Yau a St. Euphrosyne na Polotsk sufi ne ainihin kwafin na relic, wanda aka yi a 1997, Brest mai yin kayan ado-enameller N. P. Kuzmichem.

friary

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya an dauke kafa ba kawai mata sufi. Church of St - sufi da kuma lokacin da aka gina shi ta hanyar ta domin. Virgin.

Daga bisani, biyu sun zama mazaunin sarauta na Polotsk wadannan ilimi cibiyoyin. A bude a makarantunsu, matasa koya rubuta da kuma karanta. A nan, a library, kuma nazarinsa a kan rubuta littattafan, kazalika da yi wa icon-zanen da kayan ado aiki. St Evfrosiniya Polotskaya kanta halitta, sa'an nan kuma rubuta da salla, kuma wa'azin. Amma ban da ta ilimi da ayyukan Nun ya aka san su da Sahaban matsayin sovetchitsa, peacemaker da kuma mai adalci hukunci.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Kasancewa a cikin tsufa, Euphrosyne yanke shawarar in je a kan wani aikin hajji a mai tsarki Urushalima. Akwai, ta, ana m bayan dogon tafiya, fadi da rashin lafiya kuma mutu nan da nan bayan. Polotsk gimbiya binne kusa da Urushalima, a cikin sufi na St. Theodosius. A 1187 ta gudanar da reburial na saint. Ta saura aka hawa zuwa kogon Feodos'ev Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Kawai a 1910, mai tsarki relics aka dauka zuwa Polotsk.