Falakin - shi ne ... mai girma falakin a tarihi

Falakin - shi ne mutum wanda yake sha'awar a cosmic matakai da mamaki. Me ake nufi da - ya zama wani falaki? Wanda shi ne na farko yin tambaya game da asirai daga sama? A na farko kuma babban Masana ilmin sami a cikin labarin.

Falakin - shi ne ...

Mutane sun yaushe mamakin abin da ya ta'allaka high a cikin girgije, da kuma yadda abubuwa ke aiki, a can, a cikin interstellar sarari. Falakin - shi ne mutum wanda aka yi nufi ga ba kawai tambaye wadannan tambayoyi, amma don amsa su. Yana da wani gwani a ilmin taurari - da kimiyya da sararin samaniya, duk da matakai da kuma dangantaka da faruwa a shi. Kuma wannan kana bukatar ka yi haƙuri, kallo, kuma mafi muhimmanci - gagarumin ilmi a fannoni daban daban na kimiyya. Saboda haka, an falakin - shi ne na farko, kuma farkon wani masanin kimiyya.

Professional Masana ilmin kamata da ilmi a cikin kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi, da kuma wani lokacin sunadarai. Sun yi aiki a cibiyoyin bincike da kuma observatories, da nazarin bayani a kan wani sarari suKe jikinsu, su ƙungiyoyi da kuma sauran mamaki, wanda aka samu daga nasu lura, da tauraron dan adam data, ta amfani da dama na'urorin. Wannan sana'a ya hada da mafi kunkuntar specialization, misali, a duniyar nan masanin kimiyya, astrophysicist, astrohimik, cosmologist.

A farko ilmin Taurari

Kallon da dare sama, mutane sun lura cewa, hoton a kan shi dabam bisa ga yanayi. Sa'an nan suka gane cewa duniya da kuma sama matakai ne m, kuma ya fara warware su m. A farko da aka sani Masana ilmin su ne Sumerians da Kaldiyawa. Sun koya wa hango ko hasashen Lunar eclipses da kuma auna yanayin da taurari, rikodin lura a kan lãka Allunan.

Masarawa suna da baya a IV karni BC. e. Mun fara raba sama, a kan taurari, da kuma yayata a kan wani sarari suKe jikinsu. A zamanin d China, da aniya lura duk da ban mamaki mamaki kamar comets, eclipses, meteors, sabon taurari. A karo na farko a tauraro mai wutsiya da aka ambata a cikin 631 BC. A zamanin d India, shi ne kadan daga nasara, ko da yake a cikin V karni Indian falakin samu cewa taurari akwai doguwar kusa ta axis.

Abun Lura na taurari da kuma taurari da aka tsunduma a Inca, Mayan, Celtic Druids, da tsoho Helenawa. Recent yafa masa duka biyu, dama da m theories kuma balanci zato. Alal misali, a zura sandunan na Duniya ya nisa daga Arewa Star, da safe da maraice Venus aka dauke daban-daban taurari. Duk da yake wasu sun quite m, misali, Aristarh Samossky yi imani da cewa da rana fiye da Earth, kuma ya yi ĩmãni da heliocentrism. Eratosthenes auna Duniya ta karkara da kuma obliquity na ecliptic zuwa ekweita.

Copernican juyin juya halin

Nikolay Kopernik - masanin kimiyyar-falakin, wanda yana dauke daya daga cikin sahun gaba na Scientific juyin juya halin. Kafin shi, a tsakiyar zamanai, Masana ilmin kullum adjusts ya lura soma da Katolika da kuma al'umma geocentric tsarin na Talomi. Duk da yake mutane kamar Nikolay Kuzansky ko Georg Purbach, yet sa a gaba mai kyau bane, kuma lissafin, kimiyya muhawara kasance wajen m hali.

A cikin aikinsa "A cikin juyin da Samaniya duniyoyin", da aka buga a 1543, samman offers da heliocentric model. A cewar wannan rana, rana ne star a kusa da Earth motsa da kuma sauran duniya. Wannan jarrabawa ne da goyan bayan a zamanin tsohuwar Girka, amma kawai wani shawara.

Samman a cikin littafinsa bayar da hujjõji bayyanannu, kuma ma'ana karshe. Ya ra'ayin ci gaba wajen samar da yawa daga cikin manyan Masana ilmin kamar Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galiley, Kepler, Newton. Ba duk abin da ya ideas daidai suke. Saboda haka, samman yi imani da cewa madauwari falakinsu na taurari, duniya yana da iyaka ga hasken rana tsarin, amma da aiki ne ya jũyar da tsohon kimiyya ra'ayinmu game da duniya.

Galileo Galilei

An invaluable taimako ga kimiyya da ilmin taurari ya sanya Galileo Galilei - Italian falakin, likita, lissafi da falsafa. Daya daga cikin shahararrun nasarori ne da sabuwar dabara na kawo nesa kusa. Masana kimiyya sun halitta mai ruwan tabarau don tsayar da sama a duniya na farko Tantancewar na'urar.

Godiya ga kawo nesa kusa, falaki, likita, m cewa Lunar surface ba santsi, kamar yadda a baya tsammani. Gano cewa akwai spots a kan rana, da girgije, sa'an na Milky Way suna da yawa suma taurari, da kuma revolves a kusa da dama taurari Jupiter.

Galileo ya mabiyin taimako ga Copernican ka'idar. Ya hakikance cewa duniya revolves a kusa da rana, ba kawai, amma kuma a kan ta axis, abin da ya haddasa tides daga cikin teku. Wannan ya sa a cikin shekaru masu yawa na gwagwarmayar da coci.

Kawo nesa kusa same su zama m, kuma bogohulnicheskie ideas ba daidai ba. A Inquisition, Galileo da aka tilasta recant ya muhawara. An yaba da sanannen magana, wanda ya yi zargin ya ce daga baya: "Kuma duk da haka shi motsa"

Iogann Kepler

Scientist-falakin Iogann Kepler yi imani da cewa ilmin taurari ne amsar da tatsuniya m dangane tsakanin halittu da kuma mutum. IlminSa ya yi amfani da su hango ko hasashen yanayin da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ya kuma goyan bayan da ra'ayin samman, ta hanyar abin da zai matsawa har ma da kara zuwa ga kimiyya nasarori.

Kepler ya iya bayyana a bayyane ba uniformity na planetary motsi, a kan tushen da uku samu da dokoki. Ya gabatar da manufar falakinsu, da siffar wanda aka bayyana a matsayin ellipse. The masanin kimiyya ma samu wani lissafi da cewa ba ka damar yin lissafi da matsayi na wani sarari suKe jikinsu.

Duk Kepler ta kimiyya views aka hada tare da Sufi. Kamar Pythagoreans, shi ne ra'ayi na zama na musamman jituwa a cikin motsi na basamaniyai da kuma kokarin samun ta na lamba darajar. Fascinated da m ma'anar, da shi da ɗan damuwa da kimiyya nasarori da suke quite daidai a karshen.