A babban birnin kasar na Australia: Sydney ko Canberra? Australia: map

Inda aka located da sunan babban birnin kasar na Australia? Sydney ko Canberra - wasu daga cikin biranen yi ayyuka na babban birnin kasar? Don ba dama amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi zai je nesanta tafiya zuwa m ɓangaren duniya. Yana daga baya aka gano Amirka, amma kafin Antarctica. Rigingimu game wanda da farko Turawa komai a fili a Australia, ba subsiding har yanzu. Shi ne kuma mai gudana da muhawara game da abin da irin birni a kasar mafi kyau da kuma liveable.

babban yankin Australia

Photo kangaroos da koalas - wani irin kiran da katin da ta fi ƙanƙanta a nahiyar na Duniya. Australia kusan 4.5 sau kasa da a Afirka da kuma kawai 2.5 sau fiye da most tsibirin na duniya - Greenland. A nahiyar, shi ne babban jihar - da Commonwealth of Australia. Dalibai sau da yawa wuya amsa tambaya game da sunan babban birnin kasar Australia, Sydney ko Canberra? Melbourne ko Sydney? Kuma ba haka ba ne kawai a m nahiyoyi da kuma kasashe. Akwai dalilai da dama tunani kafin ka kira babban birnin kasar. Bayyana halin da ake ciki don taimaka wa ilmi da tarihi na samu da kuma shiri na nahiyar ta Turai.

Key turakun na mataki na farko a cikin tarihin na samu da kuma ci gaban Australia

Search for a teku hanya daga Turai zuwa India da China rayayye gudanar a wani lokaci na babban Gwargwadon binciken, Spain, Portugal, da kuma bayan su, da kuma Yaren mutanen Holland. Kafin farkon karni XVII a Turai ba mu san inda yake Australia. Fragmentary bayanai game da Voyages na Portuguese matuƙan da 'yan kasuwa zuwa gaba daga cikin unknown ƙasar Negeb ne daga XVI karni, amma shaida tattara bai isa ba.

An sani cewa Explorer Torres daga Spain a 1606 ya wuce ta mashigar kudu na New Guinea, tabbatar da cewa shi ne wani tsibirin, maimakon ɓangare na unknown kudancin nahiyar. Torres gan ta mashigar da ake kira da sunansa a yau, bakin wasu ƙasar (Australia). Great taimako ga nazarin nahiyar, Mun sanya Dutch. Na dogon lokaci da aka ba su san yadda za nisa zuwa gabas lullube da yankin kudancin nahiyar.

Turawa duk ze sabon abu bude ƙasashensu located nisa zuwa kudu. Da farko, wanda ya iso daga Old World mamaki marsupials, ja gona, bushewa har koguna. A mafi dace domin rayuwa na baƙi daga Turai kuwa, da yankin a gabas, inda m iskõki daga teku jinkirta duwãtsu da dama mafi hazo fiye da, a tsakiyar nahiyar.

Iyo D. Cook da Birtaniya rawa a cikin shiri na nahiyar

A san shi da Voyages duniya Banasare Dzheyms Kuk, da sanin inda Australia tafi a cikin shekaru 1769-1770 don nazarin iyakoki na gabashin bakin tekun. Wucewa tare da bakin tekun daga New Zealand, Cook isa arewacin tip na nahiyar. Tun wannan lokacin ne ya fara ci gaban da waɗannan ƙasashe batutuwa na Turanci Crown. Janairu 26, 1788 farko Birtaniya mallaka da aka kafa. Har zuwa karshen da XVIII karni sun zauna da talauci gane ciki da ƙasa da cewa bai hana Birtaniya da'awar ga dukan karkashin mulkin mallakar nahiyar. Tare da ra'ayoyi na Tasmanian Aborigines da kuma Australia wanda bai ƙidaya.

Har yanzu siga muhawara game da ko akwai a cikin tarihi da na nahiyar kisan kare dangi na 'yan asalin yawan jama'a. Babu shakka amsar wannan tambaya na da harshen ne a Australia. A kasar ne a sararin yawan mahalarta na Commonwealth of Nations. Bisa ga ƙa'ida baya wadanada da kuma na yanzu Sarauniyar Ingila - da shugaban na zuwa wata kungiya daga kasashe da kuma dogara a yankuna. A Australia, da hukuma harshen Turanci.

The karami nahiyar na Duniya: da ɓangaren da (GP)

A abin da yammancin duniya ne Australia? Bari mu dauki wani look at taswirar. Kamar yadda ka gani, da babban yankin ne kudu na ekweita, watau. E. aka located gaba ɗaya a cikin Southern Hemisphere. Babban abubuwa na GP na Australia a latitud:

• York Larabawa - matsananci arewacin batu na ɓangaren duniya.
• A mafi kudancin matsayi a nahiyar bautarka Cape Kudu Point.
• Yankin na Australia kara layi daya 10 ° S. w. to 39 ° S. w.
• Kusan a tsakiyar nahiyar ketare da Kudancin Tropic.

A abin da yammancin duniya ne Australia: gabas ko yamma? Ɓangaren duniya ba ratsa meridians 0 ° kuma 180 °, yana nufin cewa shi ne gaba daya located a gabashin yammancin duniya. Babban abubuwa na GP na Australia Longitude:

• Iyakar a wajen yamma - m m Point ..
• Matsananci gabashin matsayin daukan m. Byron.
• Australia ta'allaka gabashin Meridian 113 °. g., 153 ° a yamma. d.
• A total yanki na nahiyar ne game da 7.659.000. Km ^2.

Nahiyar lullube daga yamma zuwa gabas game da 4 da dubu. Km. A nesa daga babban yankin arewa zuwa kudu ta outermost batu ne game da 3.7 dubu. Km.

shoreline

Babban yankin Australia an wanke:

• Timor da kuma Arafura Sea zuwa arewa.
• Coral, Tasman Sea zuwa gabas.
• bays da straits na tekun Indiya zuwa yamma da kuma kudu.

Don kudu-gabashin Australia ne Tasmania, wani tsibirin a kan - a arewa-maso-gabas. New Guinea. Tare da m Coast gudanar a duniya, most tari na murjani - Great Shamaki Reef. Halitta "tsarin" ya kai wani tsawon na 2 da dubu. Km. Coral reefs, atolls wuya m daga gabas Coast na Australia ɓangaren duniya (photo daya daga kananan tsibirai nuna a kasa).

Commonwealth of Australia

Up har ƙarnin na XIX karni na Australia kunshi 6 raba mazauna tare da nasu gwamnatoci, sojojin da sauran halayen 'yancin kai. A 1898 ya fara da ci gaban da tsarin mulki na da mazauna Federation. A ranar farko ta 1901 Australians maraba kamar yadda 'yan ƙasa na guda jihar - da Commonwealth of Australia.

A kishi tsakanin biranen kasar, ranked shida a duniya cikin sharuddan ƙasa, shi ya fara fiye da 100 da suka wuce. The tambaya tashi: inda za a babban birnin na Australia? Sydney ko Canberra - wanda na ba da waɗannan garuruwan fi son? Ya kamata a lura cewa mutane da yawa Australians yi imani da nahiyar mafi m. Daga Sydney da kuma Canberra suna kuka da birni, tunanin cewa su ne mafi kyau. A Melbourne da'awar cewa su birni ne picturesque, rare.

Yadda shi ne ake kira da babban birnin kasar na Australia: Sydney, Melbourne ko Canberra?

Gwamnatin Tarayya bayan 1901 an posted a kan wani musamman halitta Australian Capital Territory. Aka yanke shawarar cewa za a yi babban birnin Australia. Sydney ko Melbourne - wadannan su ne biyu mafi girma a birane iya zama da administrative cibiyoyin na tarayya ne har yanzu a farkon shekarun bayan halittarsa. Lokacin da ya kammala tattaunawa, an yanke shawarar kawo karshen gasar tashi. Fĩfĩta aka bai wa dan lokaci Melbourne. Wannan tsohon babban birnin kasar Australia, inda majalisar tarayya da aka kwata na karni.

A ra'ayin na gina wani sabon birni na dogon lokaci zuwa zo a cikin zama a kan ƙasa na New South Wales, amma ba a Sydney, kuma kadan kara daga Coast. Kawai a 1908 shi karshe an amince da wuri na administrative da kuma siyasa na tsakiya na kasar, da kuma a 1911 ya fara ta zane da kuma gina. Melbourne, babban birnin kasar ayyuka yi har 1927.

Canberra: tushe da kuma birnin

Na wuce fiye da dozin shekaru bayan halittar guda jihar a kasar, amma mutane da yawa har yanzu wuya amsa tambaya: "The babban birnin kasar na Australia - Sydney ko Canberra?"

A 1911, wata gasar da aka sanar da zane na wani sabon birni. Ya lashe shi da American m Walter Griffin. A mawallafa na da ra'ayin a babban birnin kasar akwai shakku game da sunan da. Mun bayar da zaɓuɓɓuka masu biyowa: Dzheyms Kuk, Shakespeare, Olympus, amma a karshen, kiyaye tarihi sunan.

A watan Maris 1913, na farko da dutse a kafuwar birnin da aka kafa. Sunan sabon babban birnin kasar zo daga eponymous kauyen Canberra a kan Molongo kogin. A nesa daga nan zuwa Sydney a arewa-maso-gabas - game da 280 kilomita zuwa Melbourne a kudu maso yammacin - 650 km. The kalmar "Canberra" da aka fassara daga harshen aborigines na Australia iya nufin zahiri "taron wuri". A farko English shiri bayyana a nan a 1820. A kasa hutu - Rãnar kafuwar Canberra - Australia ta yanke shawarar kiyaye kowace shekara (na biyu Litinin a watan Maris).

Girma, ci gaba, da kuma a yau ta hakikar da Australian Capital

Tattalin arziki da hargitsi na yakin duniya na farko jinkirta yi. Kawai a cikin shekara ta 1927 majalisar tarayya na Australia koma daga Melbourne a Canberra. A ci gaba da kuma ci gaban da babban birnin kasar sun ragae a lokacin babban mawuyacin kuma yakin duniya na II. Kawai bayan shekarar 1945 Canberra fara yabanya. Yawan mazaunanta ne a kusa da 392 da dubu. Man. A babban birnin kasar, da yawan marasa aikin yi ne m da matsakaicin kudin shiga ne ya fi a dukan ƙasar. Da farko, da aikin bayar ga halittar wani lambu birni, mai kyau da kuma dadi rayuwa. A kan ƙasa na Canberra zauna gagarumin yankunan na halitta ciyayi yankunan, karye sabon Parks da murabba'ai. A babban birnin kasar, wurin zama na majalisar ne kotun koli, kuma da yawa hukumomin gwamnati. Tarihi shafukan da jan hankali na Canberra kamar haka:

• Houses na majalisar (tsohon kuma na yanzu).
• Anglican Church of St. Ioanna Krestitelya .
• hurumi na St. Yahaya;
• National Museum.
• War Memorial.
• Australian National University.
• Royal Soja College.
• National Gallery.

Features na administrative-yankin da kuma yawan yawa

Bugu da kari a Babban Birnin Tarayya, Australia shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin 'yan yankuna cewa bambanta a size, yawan da kuma abun da ke ciki na yawan jama'a. Kadan lugar da kuma raya yankin - Arewa. Bugu da kari, akwai 6 raba jihohin: Western da kuma Kudu Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria da kuma Tasmania. Babban yankin yankuna na Australia - Queensland da kuma Yammacin Australia.

A mafi girma a birnin a kasar located a kan gabas Coast, ba kawai saboda tarihi na samu da kuma shiri na nahiyar. Daga cikin Pacific Ocean tare da Australian Coast gudanar da wani jerin duwatsu, ta matsakaicin tsayi - 1500-2000 m Wannan ne Great rarraba Range, abin da na tsare tudu tsiri daga zafi bushe iska ta busa daga tsakiyar hamada yankuna ..

A mafi girma a birnin a Gabas Coast - Sydney. Yawan Metropolitan yawan ne a kusa da 4.4 miliyan. Man. A cikin hoto na gari za ka iya sau da yawa ganin wani kyakkyawan fari gini na Opera House, kama wani jirgin ruwa mai filafili ze tashi ko orange segments. Opera a Sydney - daya daga cikin mafi kyau gine-gine ginen na duniya - wata alama ce da ba kawai da birni amma dukan na Australia. Nagartaccen fasaha bayani marubucin wasan kwaikwayo gini (Jorg Utston) aiwatuwa a cikin rãyuwar shekaru 10. M ƙ wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da ado da aka kira "cosmic Gothic".

Melbourne aka located kudu na Sydney da kuma Canberra, yawan mazaunanta ne game da 3.9 mutane miliyan. A birni ne dauke da wasanni babban birnin kasar na Australia: akwai kasa da kasa tennis gasa, da mahaya tseren "Formula -1". Ban sha'awa na asali gine janyo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa Melbourne. City a kasa da karni biyu, ya samo asali daga wani kama kifi kauye cikin wani hedkwatarsu.

Taƙaitaccen bayanin da babban tattalin arziki Manuniya

Overview na Australia zai zama bai cika ba idan ba ka ba da asali alƙaluma Manuniya, ba a ma maganar sauran key zamantakewa da tattalin arziki halaye na kasar. A duka yankin na tarayya jihar Australia ne game da 7,687 km ^2. A ƙasa hada da ba wai kawai da babban yankin, amma kuma da dama kusa da shi da manyan da kananan tsibiran. A kasar ta yawan - a cewar bayanai ga 2014 - 23,8 mutane miliyan.

Mabiya na Church of England a cikin Commonwealth na Australia yana da game da 26% na jimlar yawan. Game da wannan, a Australia Katolika da kuma mabiya sauran addinai Kirista. A lokacin saukowa a kan babban yankin Turai mulkin mallaka da 'yan asalin yawan kasance a low matakin na ci gaba. 'Yan asalin Australians aka tsunduma a tara' ya'yan itãcen marmari da tsaba a cikin daji, farauta da kama kifi.

A cikin babban yankin na Ingila ya fara shigo da laifin, na farko mallaka da kuma sauran m ƙauyuka. Daga cikin Tsohon World zuwa Australia tare da migrant yawan jama'a da kuma dabbobin gida suka pathogens na mutane da dabbobi. A sakamakon cutar muhimmanci rage yawan 'yan asalin mutane. Mai girma lalacewar daji Flora sa zomaye da sauran herbivores acclimatized.

Australia shi ne mai arziki a cikin halitta albarkatun, wanda aka yafi mined a arewacin da kuma yammacin yankuna na kasar. A ma'adanai za a iya kira gas da adibas, mai, da kwal, ferrous da kuma wadanda ba ferrous karafa, da zinariya, da uranium. Sarrafa a kasar hanyoyin samar da makamashi: hasken rana radiation, tides, iska. Babban koguna - da Murray Darling da kuma ambaliya na - ba da ruwa da aikin gona plantations a kudu maso gabashin. Australia - wata babbar dabbõbi-kiwo yankin, musamman raya nan lafiya-fleeced tumaki da shanu rearing. Zuba Jari ta gida da kuma kasashen waje da kamfanoni da su zuba jari a burbushin man fetur raw kayan (man fetur da kuma iskar gas). The Commonwealth na Australia ci gaba da hakar ma'adinai da kuma aiki masana'antu, fitarwa-kawota raw kayan, makamashi da kuma kayayyakin gona. A kasar na da raya manyan ga tattalin arziki (sabis yankin).

Da muhimmancin da babban kudin ne Australian dollar aikin. GDP da capita na Australia daga saman goma kasashe, ranking shida a duniya. Australia, kasashen da Oceania babban birnin kasar ja hankalin masu yawon bude ido. Ga karamin tsibirin yankuna samun kudin shiga daga wannan bangare na tattalin arzikin da shi yana da muhimmanci.

Australia a matsayin wani ɓangare na Oceania

Control Commonwealth ya shafi archipelagos da kuma tsibiran: Ashmore, Cocos, cartier, MacDonald, Norfolk, Kirsimeti, Hurd (wasu daga cikin wadannan yankunan ba mazaunin yawan).

A babban birnin kasar na Australia da kuma Oceania da aka muhimmanci bambanta da juna a mutunta mutane da yawa. Mai tsibirin al'ummai mamaye da 'yan asalin yawan jama'a. Ko da most sarki, dogara yankuna a cikin dubun sau kasa da Australia. Saboda haka, kasar yanki, dake zuwa arewa na Australia - Papua New Guinea - shi ne game da 463 dubu km ^2, yawan mazauna kai 7.1 miliyan ..

Riddles kananan nahiyar

Travel to Australia ne m ga mutane da yawa, domin nahiyar ne sanannen ga m. Akwai da yawa wadan, sami babu inda kuma Flora da fauna. Kamar yadda masu bincike bayar da shawarar, a zamanin da shi ne wani ɓangare na Australia ta girma-nahiyar, amma saboda ya tsaga da kuma gantali zuwa kudu maso gabashin aka cire daga wasu nahiyoyi. Saboda ta kadaici a Australia da kuma game da. Tasmania kiyaye relic shuke-shuke da marsupials, dogon-dadaddun a Afirka da kuma Eurasia.

Bisa ga sakamakon archaeological tono, rock zane-zane, mutum burbushin, tsoho kayan aiki, masu bincike sun ƙaddara lokacin shiri na nahiyar. Binciken bayar da shawarar cewa a Australia na farko da mutane suka zo daga sauran zaune nahiyoyi. Zai yiwu mutane akwai riga game da 50 ƙarni, amma shi ne mafi kusantar farko mazaunan akwai game da 21 dubu. Shekaru da suka wuce.

Australian masu bincike gano fauna a wannan yanki, da imani da cewa zauna mafi tsoho dabbobi a wannan yankin na Duniya. An yi imani da cewa a cikin Paleozoic zamanin akwai ƙasar saboda da Asian bangare na Eurasia. Sa'an nan a babban yankin fauna da shi ba a matsayin bambancin. Long kafin farkon Quaternary lokaci a Australia zo marsupial dabbobi. Around lokaci guda akwai wani karshe rabuwa da nahiyoyi. Kamar yadda Australia ya ba su iya shiga cikin yara - wakilai daga sama dabbobi masu shayarwa. Saboda haka, domin 'yan asalin fauna daga nahiyar kafin mu, ba su da hali. Samu a Australia cikin tsofaffin placental dabbobi masu shayarwa - platypus da echidna, marsupials - kangaroos, koalas da kuma sauran m dabbobi.