SamuwarSakandare da kuma makarantu

A labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun (ga tebur)

Subject "Yanayin Wuraren duniya albarkatun" - daya daga cikin tsakiyar matsaloli a cikin makaranta hanya na labarin kasa. Menene albarkatun? Menene su iri suna kasaftawa da kuma yadda ake rarraba a fadin duniya? Abin da dalilai m da labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun? Karanta game da shi a cikin labarin.

Menene albarkatun?

Yana da muhimmanci ga fahimtar da ci gaban da tattalin arzikin duniya da kuma tattalin arziki na mutum kasashen labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun. Wannan mas'ala za a iya fassara a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. A za'a fadada ma'ana - shi ne dukan hadaddun na halitta dukiya ake bukata mutum. A wani kunkuntar ji a albarkatun kasa na nufin hade da na halitta asalin kaya, wanda zai iya zama a matsayin kafofin domin samar.

Albarkatun kasa ba kawai amfani a cikin tattalin arziki aiki. Ba tare da su, a gaskiya, ba zai iya zama da wanzuwar al'ummar dan Adam kamar yadda irin wannan. Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da kuma gaggawa matsaloli na zamani labarin kasa ne labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun (Grade 10 high school). A binciken da wannan tambaya da hannu biyu geographers da kuma tattalin arziki.

Nau'in ƙasa albarkatun

Planet albarkatun suna classified bisa ga daban-daban sharudda. Saboda haka, ware albarkatun exhaustible da inexhaustible, sabunta, wadanda ba sabunta, kazalika da partially sabunta. A kan al'amurra da yin amfani da albarkatun kasa ne zuwa kashi masana'antu, aikin gona, makamashi, hutu da kuma yawon shakatawa, da sauransu. D.

Bisa ga kwayoyin rarrabuwa na albarkatun sun hada da:

  • ma'adinai.
  • ƙasar.
  • ruwa.
  • gandunan daji.
  • nazarin halittu (ciki har da albarkatun teku).
  • makamashi.
  • sauyin yanayi.
  • na wasanni.

Features na planetary rarraba albarkatun kasa

Abin da siffofin gabatar labarin kasa duniya ta albarkatun kasa? Yadda aka rarraba a fadin duniya?

Nan da nan shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa duniya ta albarkatun aka rarraba sosai unevenly daga Amirka. Saboda haka, 'yan kasashen (kamar Rasha, Amurka ko Australia), yanayi ya ba da fadi da kewayon ma'adanai. Others (msl, Japan, ko Moldova) dole ka gamsu da kawai biyu ko uku irin na ma'adinai raw kayan.

Game da girma na amfani, da yin amfani da ƙasar game da 70% na duniya albarkatun na yammacin Turai, Amurka, Canada da kuma Japan, wanda ba ya rayuwa fiye da tara bisa dari na al'ummar duniya. Amma a rukuni na kasashe masu tasowa, wanda lissafta ga game da 60% na yawan jama'ar duniya, cinye kawai 15% na duniya albarkatun.

A labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun ne m, ba kawai tare da girmamawa ga ma'adanai. A gandun daji, ƙasar da kuma albarkatun ruwa na kasar da kuma nahiyoyi, ma, suna sosai daban-daban daga juna. Saboda haka, mafi yawan sabo ruwa na duniya da aka mayar da hankali a glaciers a Antarctica da Grecia - tare da m yawan yankuna. A lokaci guda, mutane da dama na kasashen Afirka suna fuskantar wani m karancin ruwan sha.

Kamar m labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun da aka tilasta kasashen da dama, don magance Qarancin matsala a hanyoyi daban-daban. Wasu yi shi ne da taimakon da aiki da kudi na yanki bincike ayyukan, wasu suna al'amurra da latest makamashi-ceton fasahar minimizes kayan amfani ta samar.

Duniya albarkatun (ma'adanai) da kuma su rarraba

Ma'adanai - ne na halitta gyara (abubuwa) wanda ake amfani da a samar da mutum ko don samar da wutar lantarki. Albarkatun ma'adinai suna da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin na kowace ƙasa. A cikin ɓawon burodi na duniya tamu ta ƙunshi game da ɗari biyu da ma'adanai. 160 daga cikinsu suna rayayye mined mutum. Dangane da hanyar da ikon yinsa, daga yin amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai ya kasu kashi da dama iri:

  • man fetur da makamashi (kamar mai, kwal, peat).
  • tama (nickel, da kuza, da baƙin ƙarfe tama , da dai sauransu).
  • Aggregates (albarkatun kasa domin sinadaran masana'antu, metallurgy, yi, da sauransu. N.).

Zai yiwu mafi muhimmanci ma'adinai a yau shi ne man fetur. An gaskiya da ake kira "black zinariya" domin ta kasance (kuma ana kiyaye wannan rana), manyan yaƙe-yaƙe. Yawanci, da mai ta'allaka tare da Associated iskar gas. Babban yankunan domin hakar wadannan albarkatun a duniya - Western Siberia, Alaska, Texas, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Mexico. Wani man fetur hanya - shi ne ci (baki da kuma ruwan kasa). An samu a kasashe da dama (fiye da 70).

Ore albarkatun ma'adinai hada da tama, tushe da kuma masu daraja karafa. Sashen adibas na wadannan ma'adanai sukan a fili da nasaba da fannonin crystalline bangarori - kafuwar protrusions dandamali.

Non-ƙarfe albarkatun ma'adinai ne sosai daban-daban aikace-aikace. Alal misali, dutse da asbestos amfani a yi masana'antu, potassium salts - a samar da takin, carbon - a nukiliya ikon, da dai sauransu a cikin mafi daki-daki a kasa ya nuna da labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun ... Tebur hada da wani jerin mafi muhimmanci kuma nemi-bayan ma'adanai.

albarkatun ma'adinai

A kasar shugabannin domin ta samar

mai

Saudi Arabia, Rasha, China, Amurka, Iran

kwal

USA, Rasha, India, China, da Australia

mai shale

China, da Amurka, Estonia, Sweden, Jamus

ironstone

Rasha, China, Ukraine, Brazil, Indiya

manganese tama

China, da Australia, Afirka ta Kudu, Ukraine, Gabon

jan ores

Chile, da Amurka, Peru, Zambia, Congo

uranium tama

Australia, Kazakhstan, Canada, da Nijar, da Namibia

nickel tama

Canada, Rasha, Australia, Philippines, New Caledonia

bauxites

Australia, Brazil, Indiya, China, Guinea

zinariya

USA, Afirka ta Kudu, Canada, Rasha, Australia

Diamonds

Afirka ta Kudu, Australia, Rasha, Namibia, Botswana

phosphorite

United States, Tunisia, Morocco, Senegal, Iraq

granites

Faransa, Girka, Norway, Germany, Ukraine

potash gishiri

Rasha, Ukraine, Canada, Rasha, China

kibiritu

USA, Mexico, Iraki, Ukraine da Poland

Land albarkatun da su labarin kasa

Land - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da albarkatun na duniya da kuma na kowace ƙasa a duniya. A karkashin wannan ra'ayi yakan haifar da wani ɓangare na Duniya ta surface wurin zama tabbatacciya, kuma yi aikin noma. Duniya ƙasar asusun - game da 13 biliyan kadada. Yana hada da:

  • gandun daji da kuma goge (31%).
  • natsuwa da makiyaya (24%).
  • arable ƙasar da plantations (11%).
  • ƙasar sun shagaltar da birane, hanyoyi da kuma da sauran fannin jiki (3%).
  • unproductive ƙasar (game da 28%).

Qasashe daban-daban suna da daban-daban ƙasar. Wasu da a kawo musu kayan shimfiɗã ta na wõfintattu ƙasar (Rasha, Ukraine), yayin da wasu ji m karancin free sarari (Japan, Denmark). Very unevenly rarraba noma ƙasar, game da 60% na duniya arable ƙasar asusun for Eurasia, alhãli kuwa a Australia - kawai 3%.

Albarkatun ruwa da kuma su labarin kasa

Ruwa - ya fi na kowa, kuma mafi muhimmanci ma'adinai a duniya. Shi ne a cikin wannan duniya rai da aka haife, da kuma cewa ruwa yana da muhimmanci ga kowane daga cikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A karkashin albarkatun ruwa na duniya nufi duk surface da karkashin kasa da ruwa, wadda aka yi amfani da mutum, ko za a iya amfani a nan gaba. Musamman rare ne sabo ruwa. Ana amfani da a cikin gida, a wurin aiki da kuma a cikin harkokin noma. Fresh iyakar kogin kwarara da dama a kan Asiya da Latin Amurka, da kuma m - to Australia da kuma nahiyar Afrika. Kuma daya bisa uku na duniya ta ƙasar ne mai matsala da sabo ruwa ne musamman m.

A mafi kulla kasashen duniya reserves na sabo ruwa ne Brazil, Rasha, Canada, China da kuma Amurka. Amma biyar daga cikin matalautan} asashe na sabo ruwa ne kamar haka: Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Yemen da kuma Jordan.

Forest albarkatun da su labarin kasa

Gandun daji sukan da ake kira "huhu" na duniya tamu. Kuma quite gaskiya. Bayan duk, suka taka muhimmin sauyin yanayi da kuma ruwa kariya, na wasanni rawa. Don gandun daji da albarkatun hada da ainihin katako kazalika da dukan su amfani halaye - m, na wasanni, warkewa, da dai sauransu ...

Bisa kididdigar da, game da 25% na Duniya ta ƙasar yana rufe da gandun daji. Mafi yawansu ba su dama a kan haka da ake kira "arewacin gandun daji bel", wanda ya hada da kasashe irin su Rasha, Canada, Amurka, Sweden, Finland.

Tebur a kasa nuna wa kasashen da suke da shugabannin cikin sharuddan gandun daji rufe su yankuna:

kasar

Kashi na ƙasa rufe da gandun daji

Faransa Guiana

95%

Surinam

91%

Guyana

85%

Mozambique

84%

Gabon

81%

Rasha

76%

Halittu albarkatu na duniya

Halittu albarkatun - duk shuka da dabbobi kwayoyin, wanda ake amfani da mutum ga dalilai daban-daban. More in bukatar a duniya a yau shi ne floristic albarkatu. Duk duniya, akwai game da dubu shida jinsunan horar da shuke-shuke. A wannan yanayin, kawai mutum ɗari da na su suna yadu rarraba a ko'ina cikin duniya. Bugu da kari ga amfanin gona, mutane rayayye ta da dabbobinsu ko kaji, ta yin amfani da kwayoyin da damuwa a aikin noma da kuma masana'antu.

Halittu albarkatun ne sabunta irin. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu, wani lokacin predatory da kuma rashin lafiya-ɗauki cikinsa yin amfani da wasu daga cikinsu a cikin hatsarin nau'i nau'i.

A labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun: muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi

Modern halitta halin da yawan gaske matsalolin muhalli. Active hakar ma'adinai ayyukan ba kawai gurabata yanayi da kuma ƙasa, amma har muhimmanci musanya masa a surface na duniya, da canza wasu daga cikin shimfidar bayan fitarwa.

Tare da abin da kalmomi hade zamani labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun? Gurbatawa, ãr, halaka ... Abin baƙin ciki, yana da gaskiya. Dubban kadada na zamanin d gandun daji a shekara vuya daga fuskar duniya tamu. Farautar halaka rare da kuma namun dajin na dabbobi. Tã Industry contaminates ƙasa karafa da kuma sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa.

Wajibi ne a cikin gaggawa da kuma a duniya canza manufar mutum hali a irin wannan yanayi. In ba haka ba, nan gaba na duniya wayewar ba zai dubi sosai Rosy.

The sabon abu na "hanya la'ana"

"The paradox yalwa" ko "hanya la'ana" - abin da ake kira sabon abu na tattalin arziki, wanda aka fara tsara a shekarar 1993 da Richard Auty. Jigon wannan sabon abu ne kamar haka: kasashen da gagarumin halitta hanya m, kamar yadda mai mulkin, halin da low ci gaban tattalin arziki da kuma ci gaba. Bi da bi, da "matalauta" a kan albarkatun kasa na kasar cimma mafi girma da tattalin arziki da samun nasara.

Misalai gaskatãwa wannan tattaunawa, da gaske sosai a cikin zamani duniya. A karo na farko game da "hanya la'ana" kasashen fara magana da baya a 80 ta na karshe karni. Wasu masu bincike sun riga sun gano a cikin ayyukansu wannan Trend.

Masana harkokin tattalin arziki gane da dama manyan dalilan wannan sabon abu:

  • rashin shirye na hukumomi za su gudanar da tasiri da kuma zama dole ya gyãra.
  • ci gaban da cin hanci da rashawa a jihar na'ura a kan tushen da "sauki kudi".
  • rage gasa na sauran tattalin arziki sassa, wanda ba sosai "daura" da albarkatun kasa.

ƙarshe

A labarin kasa na duniya albarkatun ne sosai m. Wannan ya shafi kusan dukkan su jinsunan - ma'adinai, makamashi, ƙasar, ruwa, gandun daji.

Wasu jihohin da manyan reserves na ma'adanai, amma ma'adinai yuwuwar na sauran kasashe suna tsanani iyakance tare da kawai 'yan daga bakunansu. Duk da haka, wani na kwarai arziki na albarkatun ba ko da yaushe tabbatar da wani babban misali na rai, ci gaban da tattalin arzikin da wani ƙasar. A karin misalin wannan ne kasashe irin su Rasha, Ukraine, Kazakhstan da sauransu. Wannan sabon abu da ya ko samu da sunan da a cikin tattalin arzikin - da "hanya la'ana".

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