Mene ne wani palindrome? Palindromes - misalai. Turanci palindromes

Kamar yadda aka sani, da Rasha, da harshen yake da isasshen ƙarfi ga wani iri-iri jũya, kuma maganganu. Daya iri-iri na lexical abubuwa ne palindromes. Misalai na yara, mafi daidai kwatanta wannan ra'ayi, za ka iya duba da kuma litattafansu. Alal misali, su ɗauko: "A fure fadi a kan kafar Azuro." Idan ka duba a hankali a kalmomi, za mu iya ganin cewa, tsari za a iya karanta a duka kwatance: daga farkon (hagu) da kuma karshen (daga dama zuwa hagu). Kuma a cikin kowane hali, da magana zai sauti guda. Wannan - tayi, amma akwai kalmomi, palindromes. Misalai daga cikin mafi fili ya nuna ra'ayi za a buga.

definition

Mene ne wani palindrome? Wannan ra'ayi aka samu daga Girkanci, kuma a zahiri fassara a matsayin "guje baya" ko "a guje sake." A wasu lokuta, don palindromes, misalai na wanda aka bai wa a kasa, kai wani fasali game da tsakiyar sa na characters. A mafi tsawo hade da haruffa na da irin wannan yana dauke saippuakauppias (Finnish - da mai sayarwa sabulu). Akwai wasu ban sha'awa English palindromes:

«Madam, ni Adam» - misali na maza lady (Madam, ni Adam).

Wannan lady iya tsare ce "shifter»: «Hauwa'u» (Hauwa'u).

Akwai tsakaitã ba kawai bayar da ko wani sa na haruffa. palindromes-ayoyi ne quite na kowa:

Nadiran hannunka rike da butt ...
Na yi naciya nan na zauna,
Jaro a cikin m na samar da,
Zarzhu umpteenth lokaci
Good luck a daze,
Zarzhu umpteenth lokaci -
Zumudi sosai!

Za ka iya karanta yadda za a fara da kuma daga karshen.

Brief Historical Fage

Baya da cewa irin wannan palindrome, dole ne a ce cewa da aka sani "turncoats" daga mafi zamanin da. Sau da yawa, shi ya ba da wani sihiri alfarma ma'anar. Akwai palindromes, misalai na wanda za a iya samu a cikin da dama daga harsuna, mai yiwuwa a tsakiyar zamanai. A gargajiya Rasha adabi akwai abin dogara bayani game da hakkin mallaka, "Changeling", rubuta ta Derzhavin: "zan je zama tare da mechem hukunci." A farko ƙoƙari don ƙirƙirar wani dogon, Multi-line rhymed palindromic samfurin nau'in aka sanya Velimir Khlebnikov ( "Razin" waka). Amma heyday wannan art motsi ya isa kawai ga 1970-1990-th shekara. Palindromes, misalai na wanda za a iya samu a cikin ayyukansu na Vladimir Gershoni, Nicholas Ladygina, Dmitry Avalini kuma Helen Katsyuba samun karatu a mafi daki-daki, a wallafe-wallafen da kuma wallafe-wallafen shugabanci a shekarun 1990s. A nazarin da aka gudanar na rayayye, yafi Jamus da kuma Lukomnikovym Aleksandrom Bubnovym. Theoreticians da likitoci na daban-daban kan iyakar ruwan dare form. Alal misali, a "yanyawa". Wannan rubutu yana karanta daga hagu zuwa dama, wanin mayar: "The World ne dace" (marubucin Sergey Fedin.). Baya da cewa irin wannan palindrome kamata kuma su ambãci rare siffofin m shugabanci: da syllable, m "turncoats". A karshen ne rubutu cewa hanya daya da za ka iya karanta a cikin daya da harshen, da kuma ja da baya - a kan sauran. Me kuma suna rare palindromes? Misalan daban-daban yiwu sakamakon. Duk wani nau'i na "fasali" a hade a wanda babu karatu ne da za'ayi a baya, kamar yadda suke a haifuwa form tsokoltsokol, kabankaban da sauransu.

Interest a cikin shugabanci

Ba dole ne a ce cewa palindromes, misalai na wanda for tsabta suna kore kara shiga cikin labarin, da sha'awar harshen masu bincike, marubuta, masu kasida, marubuta a daban-daban sau a daban-daban digiri. Abin lura shi ne cewa a cikin seventies na karshe karni ya yiwuwa a buga wannan irin ayyuka. Wannan shi ne saboda yafi da cewa da bin "takalidai" a lokacin da aka ba maraba a wallafe-wallafe. A farkon da ci gaban da m shugabanci na duk marubuta na "turncoats" sun saba da juna, sun san, ka ce, a fuskar juna. Don kwanan wata, da yawa ayyukan da aka buga a anthologies. Amma mafi yawansu ba su kasance Unpublished.

nau'o'i

Palindromes sun Popular phrases, ko "Jagora." Wasu daga cikin su ma iya sa wani murmushi (saboda ta m siffofin). A lokuta da dama, hade da ciki changeling ya janyo hankalin da hankali ba kawai saboda da wadanda ba misali form, amma kuma a wasu m content. Mutane daya-daya Lines iya ko da tara a cikin poetic aiki. Duk da haka, idan hade da da'awar zuwa shayari bayan duk, cewa ya kamata su ba da damar kowane rangwamen ga sabon abu siffofi. A wasu kalmomin, duk abin da dole ne a kiyaye su - da kari, da rhyme, girman - biyu a misali, al'ada poetic ayyukansu. "Fasali" a irin haka ne kawai kara rhythmic da Sonic game. Mutane da yawa don haka samun akwai "kusan palindromic" form. Marubuta daban-daban, irin lokacinta halitta kyakkyawa da sauti. Baya da cewa irin wannan palindrome, ba za mu iya la'akari da lyric shayari, ta yin amfani da m siffofin data. Da yawa daga cikinsu dauke da wani rabo na ci mutumci, amma duk da wannan za a iya dauka quite tsanani. Wasu fasali maganganu tabbatar da kyau zuwa ga music. A wasu lokuta, poetic aikin iya kunshi wani "changeling", zuwa kashi Lines. A wannan yanayin da muke magana na monopalindrome.

shayari

Na musamman sha'awa ga bango bincike na palindromes ne kerawa kungiyar. Kamar yadda wani Symbolist mawãƙi, ya biya yawa da hankali ga launi da kuma sauti kungiyar aiki. A cikin waka "The goma sha biyu" ana ganin haka a fili a cikin nasarorin da Alexander Blok sauti da rhythmic kwatance. Goldstein ya fassara duk wannan aikin naúrar a kan harshen palindromes. Marubucin Notes cewa a cikin tsari shi yiwuwa a kiyaye da rhyme, launi, abun da ke ciki na waka ne kusan ko'ina. Remake "Sha biyu," Goldstein Notes cewa, a ra'ayinsa, wasu shift a girmamawa ko wasu har kara da sautin.

Fasali a Figures

Akwai, ban da haduwa da haruffa, motsin da kuma duk ayyukan da yawan palindromes. Wannan definition da ake amfani da rikodi da bayyane fasali. The halitta lambobi a cikin wannan harka za a karanta daga hagu zuwa dama, kuma mataimakin versa guda. Symmetrically za a iya located ko dai m ko yawan haruffa. Na lamba palindromes faruwa a daban-daban da tsarin, wanda suna da nasu sunayen. Saboda haka, akwai wani category "curly" ãyõyi: 1001, 676, da sauransu. Irin wannan "palindromic" siffofin samu daga Fibonacci lambobi, lambobin, Smith.

ilimin lissafi

Na lamba palindromes iya zama da sakamakon aiki a kan wasu haruffa. Martin Gardner, marubucin littafin "Ina da wani ra'ayin!", Kamar yadda wani fairly sanannun popularizer na kimiyya, ya kawo wani jarrabawa. Idan ka dauki wani lamba (wani), da kuma ƙara to shi da magani (kunshi guda lambobi, amma a baya domin), sa'an nan maimaita mataki, amma tare da adadin samu, da daya daga cikin matakai don samun wani palindrome. A wasu lokuta shi ya ishe su gudanar da wani Bugu da kari na da sau daya: 213 + 312 = 525. Amma shi ne yawanci zama dole domin a kalla biyu ayyukan. Alal misali, idan ka dauki lambar 96, sa'an nan, da ciwon sanya m Bugu da kari, palindrome za a iya samu ne kawai a karo na hudu matakin:

96 + 69 = 165
165 + 651 = 726
726 + 627 = 1353
1353 + 3531 = 4884

Jigon da jarrabawa ne cewa idan ka riƙi wani yawan, bayan wani yawan ayyuka za su tabbata a samu wani palindrome. Misalai za a iya samu ba kawai a cikin Bugu da kari, amma kuma a cikin shiri zuwa mutuža cewa hakar daga cikin tushen da kuma sauran ayyukan.

ban sha'awa biyu

A kungiyoyin na primes za a iya gani da ban sha'awa sosai, abin kõyi, idan akwai takamaiman lambobin, misali, sauki - 1 da kuma 3. Ga misali, wani sauki biyu lambar adadin umurni da nau'i-nau'i: 31-13 da kuma 13-31, shida uku-lambobi ne biyar sauki, daga gare su 2 "shifter": 313 da 131, a biyu daga shifters: 113-311 da kuma 311-113. A sakamakon nau'i-nau'i a duk lokuta gabatar graphically bayyana a lamba form murabba'ai. A general, da yawa daga lissafi za a iya samu dijital alamu.

Palindromes a cikin wasu duniyoyin da mutum aiki. ilmin halitta

Tsarin nucleic acid azurta takaice in mun gwada yi yardatayya da karin yankuna. Sun yi abin da ake kira "madubi jerin" na nucleotides iya kafa duplexes. A cikin mutum genome, jimlar yawan "turncoats" kiyasta Range daga ɗari da dubu zuwa miliyan. Saboda haka, bisa ga lura, da rarraba da DNA tsarin ne m. Palindromes a cikin nazarin halittu ji ne iya samar da ƙara bayanai ba tare da kara yawan nucleotides. Na musamman muhimmancin "tsakaitã siffofi" ne da samuwar wasu iri nucleic acid - RNA kai, misali.

music

Palindromic music taka leda "kamar yadda ya saba", daidai da dokokin. Bayan kammala wasa juya kan rubutu. Sa'an nan kuma aiki yi wasa sake, amma karin waƙa a lokaci guda ba za ta canza. Iterations iya zama ba kamar yadda ya cancanta, shi ba a san a wannan, abin da yake cikin kasa, kuma cewa - a kan doki. Wadannan guda na music za a iya buga shi kadai, yayin da karatun bayanin kula daga bangarorin biyu lokaci guda. Kamar yadda misalai na irin ayyukan iya kai palindromic "tafarki na zaman lafiya", rubuta ta Moscheles, da kuma "shan songs Melody for biyu", hada da Mozart.