Harkokin waje Politika Aleksandra 2

A kashi na uku na karni na 19th Politika Aleksandra 2 ya ba sosai nasara. A sha kashi a cikin Crimean War kuma halittar Crimean tsarin, a karkashin sharuddan da yarjejeniyar da Paris, ya raunana matsayi na Rasha da kuma tasirin da take da a Turai. Petersburg ya ba da diplomasiyya babban birnin kasar.

Domin cewa ya gaza waje Politika Aleksandra 2, da jama'a zargi a kan Nesselrode. Sa'an nan sarki ya aiko shi a cikin ja da baya, da kuma post na ministan harkokin waje na nada A. M. Gorchakova. Hangen nesa, mutum, yiwuwa ga yin yanke shawara a karkashin Nicholas 1, ya ba su samun gabatarwa. Duk da haka, da ikon lura da godiya Alexander 2. harkokin waje da manufofin samarwa da Gorchakov nan da nan bayan da yabo ga post, da Sarkin sarakuna da aka cikakken amince.

Gorchakov aka tilasta yarda da cewa yana da matukar rauni a lokacin da kasar ta soja da kuma cikin sharuddan tattalin arziki. Ya nace cewa Rasha ya kamata a yanzu mayar da hankali a kan ta harkokin da kuma tunkarar harkokin zaman lafiya da sauransu, to ku nemi masõya gare kariya. Ministan ya yi ĩmãni da cewa kasashen waje Politika Aleksandra 2 wasu lokaci kada ta kasance aiki, kana bukatar ka gina dangantaka tare da kasashe makwabtanta, mafi kusa da jihohi.

Abu na farko da Gorchakov yanke shawarar rushe Crimean tsarin, su saba da Faransa. Kuma shi na jan tare da bangarorin biyu da na kowa adawa da Austria da manufofin. A sakamakon da hulda da Faransa da kuma Rasha ya fitowan da wani sabon jihar - Romania. Duk da haka, saboda wata muhawara game da matsayi na Black Sea, a kan wurare masu tsarki da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland tambaya da dangantaka tsakanin kasashen biyu ba su samu kara ci gaba da.

Bayan da Accession na Alexander 2 lit sama da kuma na kasa motsi na Dogayen sanda. V1861 shekara a Poland zanga-zanga da aka tarwatsa. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, nada gwamnan can, ya umurci A. wielopolski iyali, da na gida aristocracy, ya rike wani jerin sauye-sauye a cikin kasar. Rubũtacce kasance shirye su gudanar da azuzuwan a makarantu a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland harshe, da sabuntawa na University of Warsaw, a kan gudanarwa na rayuwar manoma. Duk da haka, Aleksander Wielopolski sanar da daukar ma'aikata na matasa a cikin rundunar sojojin siyasa unreliable. Wannan shawarar ta tsokane a 1863 wani sabon tawaye, da kai hari a kan soja ƙungiyoyin sojoji. Gaggawa aka kafa a wucin gwamnati da kuma sanar da 'yancin kai na Poland. Conciliatory siyasa na Grand Duke ya gaba daya gaza.

Birtaniya da kuma Faransa dauke da cewa bayan da ya faru, suna da hakkin su tsoma baki a Rasha ta al'amura. 3 Napoleon samarwa kira wani taron kasa da kasa don ba afuwa ga wadanda suka halarci a cikin fitina da kuma mayar da kundin tsarin mulki na Poland. Gorchakov ƙi dukan tayi saboda ya gaskanta da Polish batun wani ciki al'amari Rasha da kuma Rasha jami'an diplomasiyan tsawata masa ko da shawarwari. A 1864, wani tawaye a Poland aka niƙa gaba daya. Kuma ya taimaka a wannan Prussia, wanda ya sanya hannu a al'ada tare da Rasha, wanda aka bayar, idan ya cancanta, ta motsa yardar kaina a fadin gẽfunanta.

A cikin marigayi 60s na karni na 19th waje Politika Aleksandra 2 da aka yi niyya bayani na Jamus matsala. Yanzu shi ya kasance wata babbar matsala a cikin da yawa kasashen Turai. O. Bismarck, ministan shugaban Prussia, ya so ya magance wannan batu footwork. Rasha ya ƙarfafa shi, kuma a shekara ta 1870 tsakanin Prussia da kuma Faransa, yaki ya barke. Prussian nasara jagoranci karshe zuwa Crimean tsarin karo, halittar na Jamus Empire da kuma yanke taswirar Turai, da rushewar gwamnatin Napoleon 3 da kuma samuwar na Paris ƙungiya.

Amma ba ko da yaushe waje Politika Aleksandra 2 corresponded zuwa Rasha ta amfane shi. A musamman, shi ya shafi da'awarsu, na Rasha-Turkish yaki a 1877. Wannan shawarar da sarki ya tsokani da rashin iyawa don warware rikicin ta hanyar diplomasiyya wajen Oriental da Slavic matsin lamba daga shugabannin kwamitocin.