Irin arthropod: general halaye, rarrabuwa

Duniyar mu yalwata da sosai halittu daban-daban, wani m iri-iri na dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke da muke da can. Amma a cikin wannan takarda, mun bincika daki-daki, da irin arthropod. Janar halaye na wadannan halittu masu rai ma za a gabatar a cikin labarin.

lambar

Shi ne mafi girma da kuma arziki a cikin irin dabba duniya. Wakilai akwai game da miliyan jinsuna. Adadin su ne daya bisa uku na dukkanin rayayyun halittu a duniya tamu, a matsayin mai rai a wannan lokacin, da kuma dadaddun. Kafin mu tattauna da tambaya "General halaye na da irin arthropod" (7th sa makarantar sakandare zamar masa dole ya sanad da yara tare da wakilan da shi), shi ne zama dole a san cewa, babban yawan abubuwa har yanzu kasance unexplored, da ainihin lambar iya rubuce isa miliyan goma ko fiye.

Su kowa a ko'ina a cikin tekuna, da teku, ruwa tare kafofin a kan ƙasar. Bisa ga irin yanayin kasa na zabi wani musamman nau'in za a iya gani a kan ci gaba da abinci, abubuwan daka zaba. Irin arthropod, general halaye na wanda - mu main haƙiƙa, bambancin tayin shirya la'akari da rarrabuwa.

kariya

Mun riga mun ambata cewa irin yana da babban yawan abokai, amma duk da wannan bambancin, suka duka da mun gwada irin wannan tsarin da jiki. Idan akai la'akari da irin arthropod (general halaye), mu lura da kamanni - external wuya kwarangwal hada da chitin. Wasu jinsunan da wani exoskeleton, hada da wani sia, da furotin da kuma alli carbonate. Wannan m kwat da wando ciyar da su kariya da kuma goyon baya ga jiki. Har ila yau, da harsashi bango ne a haɗe tsokoki.

Muhimmanci shi ne gaskiya cewa duk 'yan fallasa da Molina, wannan tsari ne saboda gaskiyar cewa exoskeleton ba girma, kuma a lokacin girman dabba yana bukatar ya fi girma gidan.

jiki

Rich da bambance bambancen irin arthropod. Janar halaye da kuma ya hada da irin wannan fasali a matsayin rabawa. Dukan jiki ne zuwa kashi segments. Wani lokaci su girma tare, wanda idan aka kira su tagmata, da kuma tsarin - tagmasis. Daya misali ne ake kira Fused kai da kuma thorax da ciki. Arthropod ma da appendages da gidajen abinci -. Wannan inda sunan, a zahiri fassara a matsayin "jointed ƙafafunsa"

Dauki farko da mafi m arthropod, sa'an nan kowane sashi na jiki da aka hade da daya kawai biyu daga appendages. Duk da haka, mafi yawan jinsunan samo asali da kuma canza wata gabar jiki, kafa ta sauran Tsarin, kamar:

• mouthparts.
• tendrils.
• haihuwa gabobin, da sauransu.

A arthropod da appendages iya zama ko dai branched ko unbranched.

Ji, gas musayar, jini wurare dabam dabam

Mutane da yawa wakilan sun kyau-ɓullo da hankula (guda biyu fili idanu), ko da yake wasu ba su da wannan gata. Sistem sakulasan ne sistem ba a rufe, yana da babu jini.

Iskar gas musayar faruwa a hanyoyi da dama:

• gills.
• trachea.
• huhu.

Mai wakilan arthropod iri guda ba, yawanci hadi faruwa ƙ, da kuma sa qwai.

Irin arthropod: general halaye, rarrabuwa

Wannan tsakaitã dabbobi. Yana da muhimmanci a ambaci cewa su ne daga zuriyar annelids. Idan da bincikar, za mu iya ganin kama a cikin tsarin. Abinda a ci gaba da kuma ci gaba na farko sun kai wani babban mataki ne na kungiyar. Arthropod (kowa da irin halaye, taxonomy da kuma sauran al'amurran da suka shafi za a tsarkake, daki-daki) ya kasu kashi da wadannan babban azuzuwan:

• Shellfish.
• arachnids.
• kwari.

Bi da bi, kowane aji aka raba cikin kungiyoyin. Alal misali, a cikin crustaceans ware: Cladocera, copepods da decapod. By arachnids hada da: gizo-gizo, mites da kunamai. Kuma kwari asusu na da manya-manyan yawan raka'a, kamar:

• Orthoptera.
• dragonflies.
• Diptera.
• Coleoptera.
• Hemiptera.
• Hymenoptera.
• Homoptera.
• fleas, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

La'akari da kowane aji daban.

crustaceans

Yana da quite wani bambancin aji, lambobi game da dubu arba'in jinsunan. Amma, sun za a iya samu a cikin teku, da ruwa tare jikinsu, amma akwai wasu da suka ƙware a ƙasar.

Ko da yake irin arthropod (crustaceans aji, a general bayanin wanda aka dauke a cikin wannan sashe) sosai arziki, amma yana yiwuwa a gano mai yawan misãlai ga karshen wannan sashe mun ba da wani tebur don taimaka systematize da ilimin da suka samu.

Suna iyo, rarrafe ko a haɗe salon. Daga cikin su akwai ko da parasites. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, daban-daban arthropod rabawa na jiki, da suka yi wannan aji, akwai goma zuwa hamsin.

Bari mu bincika a ta aice da halayyar wani hali wakilin wannan aji, da sanannun crayfish. Daga cikin sunan ya bayyana cewa shi zaune a cikin sabo ruwa. Its rawa a yanayi da mutane sosai high. Ka lura da cewa za ka iya ko da rarrabe bayyanar namiji da mace.

Aiki cika da dare, shi Ciyarwar kawai a kan shuka abinci, cin abinci duka biyu rayayyu da matattu ganima. na balagagge mutane na size - goma sha biyar santimita ko fiye, sun Molina sau ɗaya a shekara, a cikin matasa dabbobi, wannan tsari ya auku sau da yawa a shekara.

Kamar yadda da wasu mambobi na arthropod, da jijiyoyi ba rufe zuciya kama pentahedral jakar da kuma a haɗe zuwa baya daga cikin jiki. Yana da muhimmanci ka san cewa da kai, kuma jiki suna da alaka. Tactile kuma olfactory ji kaifi saboda dogon tsaye bakin ramin. Idanu gyarawa a kan hadaddun da flagella cewa reimburses da immobility na shugaban.

Irin arthropod, arachnids aji: wani janar Siffar

Kamar baya daya, shi ne mai arziki, yana da a kan talatin dubu jinsunan halittu masu rai, wanda mafi yawansu suna rayuwa a cikin ƙasar, amma akwai kuma wakilan na biyu na cikin ruwa. Kamar yadda da crustaceans, sunã da wani cephalothorax, ban da wannan akwai ciki. Lura cewa rabawa shi ne batun canji (wasu clamps ba shi da wani segmented jiki, kamar wani kare).

A farko jiki sashi (cephalothorax) dora kansa zuwa shida nau'i-nau'i daga gabar jiki:

• Nau'i-nau'i biyu - maxilliped.
• Hudu ma'aurata - nogoschupaltsy.

A ciki ba wata gabar jiki, amma wasu 'yan wannan aji an kiyaye huhu bags, kasa farantin ko spinneret.

Wani bayãnin hukuncin fasalin arachnids - shi ne mai matsanancin Layer kunshi lipoprotein, abin da na tsare da jiki da danshi hasara. Mai da guba gizo-gizo da kuma ciwon daji. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, arachnids - da yara, amma da wani babban rukuni na up parasites, kuma herbivores. Numfashi da aka yi da na huhu bags ko trachea, amma gizo-gizo, tare da taimakon wadannan biyu jikinsu. Gabobin da gani, tabawa, wari da kuma iyawa suna ci gaba quite da kyau, amma wasu ticks wahayi ne gaba daya fakowa ba.

Hadi faruwa ƙ, lura a wasu jinsunan ticks da kunamai rayuwa haihuwa. Ko da yake wannan aji ne quite bambancin, amma mafi muhimmanci su ne irin wadannan kungiyoyi kamar yadda:

• Gizo-gizo.
• Ticks.
• Kunamai.

kwari

Ga wani tebur nuna babban fasali na kwari.

Wannan ne kalla karatu aji, amma ba kasa gagarumin fiye da sauran, shi ne talauci karatu da kimiyya ne kawai domin shi ne matasa.