Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich, Rasha Soviet marubuci kuma mawãƙi: biography, kerawa

Kalinin Anatoly - Soviet marubuci, mawãƙi da essayist. Ya aka bayar da Gorky Prize, da kuma bayar da wata lashe lambobi mafiya yawa, kuma awards, daga cikinsu: da Order of Lenin, yakin duniya na matakin, da Oktoba juyin juya halin, Red Star, Friendship na Peoples da Labor Red Banner. Domin shekaru 20, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin Koli Soviet na Rasha. A rayuwa da kuma aiki da wannan gagarumin mutumin da za mu yi magana a cikin labarin.

biography

Anatoly Kalinin (wanda biography yanzu dauke da mu) da aka haife shi a 1916, a kan Agusta 22. A wurin haifuwa na gaba marubuci ya kauyen Kamensky (Rostov yankin), wanda ya zama yanzu birnin Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy. A nan, a kan Don, ya ciyar da yara da kuma matasa na nan gaba marubuci. Uba Anatoly Veniaminovich ya daga Novocherkassk Cossacks kuma yi aiki a yankunan karkara malamar makaranta, da kuma uwar shi da Cossack Kamenka.

Kakan Kalinin Cossack mawaka rera waka a cikin coci, ya na da kyau sosai murya. Ƙarfafu da yara, da marubuci ba zai iya kwatanta shi ba tare da kakansa mai tsarkakewa.

Kalinin damu cewa, kalmar "Cossack" a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da aka ba hurtuwa. A marubuci ne sosai damu game da Tarurrukan na Cossack hadisai da kuma hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Kuma idan, a lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War, Stalin bayar da umarni a kan kafa na jiki na Don Cossacks, Kalinin gane cewa Cossacks fara zuwa regenerate. A wannan kalaman, ya buga a 1943 wata kasida mai suna "Don Cossacks".

na farko bazawa

Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich kira Cossacks "kunya Rasha", yayin da ya bai raba Cossacks kansu "nereestrovyh" da "rajista". Amma zai kasance da yawa daga baya, amma a yanzu Kalinin aka karɓa a cikin Pioneers. A irin wannan matasa shekaru, ya riga ya fara rubuta makala game da yankunan karkara rayuwa da kuma na gama gonaki a cikin Don for bazawa a cikin jaridar "Majagaba gaskiya" da kuma "Lenin ta jikoki."

Kamar yadda wani matashi a 1930, Kalinin tare da aikin kirtani tafiya zuwa kauyuka da kuma garuruwa da ƙauyukan Don bi collectivization. Kuma a shekarar 1931, nan gaba marubuci zama memba na Komsomol. Bayan haka, ya fara aiki ga lardin da kuma yankin jaridu a cikin Kuban, Don, a Kabardino-Balkaria.

Kalinin Anatoly zama labaru a 1935, "Komsomolskaya Pravda", wanda haskaka matsaloli na Armenia, Kabardino-Balkaria, da Ukraine, da Don. Kuma a 1941, marubucin, suka je gaban matsayin wakilin na wannan jarida ne - mafi girma Patriotic War ya ciyar a kan m fronts.

Da farko labari da Great Patriotic War

A farko da manyan aikin da marubucin da aka buga a 1940. Shi ne mai labari mai taken "Mounds". A wannan aikin, Kalinin Anatoly kolkhoz Nov wanda aka nuna a gefen Cossacks. Ya rubuta game da abubuwa da cewa san tun suna yara: da Cossack hanyar rayuwa, baƙauye aiki, kasar harshe.

A lokacin yakin, babban haruffa ayyukan Kalinin zama cops da kuma manoma, wanda aka ado a sojoji 'tufafinsu, da zarar ya kira mahaifarsa. A wannan lokaci, Kalinin aika a da dama jarida makala a kan abubuwan dake faruwa a Rostov, Mozdok, Stalingrad. Kuma a cikin 1943 ya wallafa wani littafi na makala marubucin mai suna "The Cossacks ne zuwa yamma." Soja labarin da aka buga a 1944 a cikin mujallar "New World" "A cikin ta Kudu", da kuma a shekarar 1945 - da samfurin na data "gwarazansa". Daga baya, bisa waxannan biyu labarai Kalinin halitta mai girma da labari game da heroism na Rasha sojoji - "Red Flag". A aikin da aka buga a 1951 a Rostov.

da postwar lokaci

Lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War ƙare, Kalinin mayar da su cikin Don farm Puhlyakovsky. A nan, marubucin Halicci jerin makala game da mazaunan Don Cossack kauyuka :. "Moon Night", "Bayan Hagu Bayan kolkhoz", "marasa mutuwa tushen" da sauran heroes of wadannan ayyukan daga baya samu a sauran litattafan da labarai Kalinin.

The "Gaskiya" a cikin 1953, da marubuci ya wallafa wani aikin "A tsakiyar matakin." Wannan muqala ta bayar da hujjar Kalinin amince a kan halin yanzu al'amurran da suka shafi alaka da ci gaban na kauye da style of jam'iyyar ikon. Marubucin nuna babban yabo da wannan aiki da kuma m muqala "Moon Night". A marubuci ĩmãni, su taimake shi don tabbatar da daidaito da aka zaba batutuwa domin halittun. Wadannan makala an rayayye amsa da kuma masu karatu - Kalinin samu mai yawa haruffa tare da goyon baya a cikin adireshin.

A 1962 Kalinin rubuta labari "haramta Zone", abin da ya bayyana yi na Volga-Don canal. The aikin kiwata da wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi: ilimi na sabon mutumin a cikin ruhu na gurguzu akida; hukunci na events da kuma ayyuka da cewa kada ta kasance a cikin wani gurguzu al'umma; kima da abin da ke faruwa a cikin sharuddan kwaminisanci lamiri.

"Gypsy"

Amma godiya ga wannan labari sami daraja da Anatoly Kalinin. "Gypsy" - wannan wani aiki ne da marubucin daraja. Wannan labari da aka kafa daga da dama autobiographical bayani. Hoton na da babban harafin, Gypsy Budulai tashi marubuci a lokacin yaki, a lokacin da a asibiti, ya ga Scout Roma buga da Order of Red Star ne daya daga cikin kwamandojin Cossack. Sa'an nan Kalinin ya ba tukuna tunanin rubuta wani labari, amma episode ya tuna da na rayuwa. Sa'an nan, a lõkacin da naúrar aka mãsu bãyar da bãya a karkashin qaramin Belozerka marubuci na ga karye Gypsy tafiyar. Ya zarar koya cewa wata mace ta ɗauka da yaro, da tsira a gare shi. Kuma bayan da yaki Kalinin Anatoly rayu gaba kofa ga Gypsy-Smith, wanda ya kane mai suna Budulai.

Marubuci a ko'ina cikin kerawa ci gaba da koma zuwa soja theme, m da connection tsakanin abubuwan da suka faru na baya da kuma na yanzu. Wadannan ayyuka, ban da "Gypsy" ne litattafan "bushe akwatin", "Point of No koma", "Echo of War". Ainihin akida ganewa na wadannan ayyuka da yake a cikin tsarin na images of heroes - da marubuci ya bambanta mutane, halitta da Soviet tsarin, da kuma wa] anda rãyuka aka maimed so ga dũkiya ko iko.

A karshe shekaru ransa

A 1967, Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich rubuta labari "Ihu, karrarawa!". A aikin da aka sadaukar domin ado da kuma halin kirki al'amurran da suka shafi na iyali, kuma yaro-rearing.

A cikin wallafe-wallafe, Kalinin aka yaushe gane a matsayin magaji Sholokhov hadisin. Marubucin kansa a yarjejeniya tare da wannan, kuma ko da a shekarar 1964 fito da wani littafi na makala game Sholokhov kira "Veshenskaya bazara." Sa'an nan, a shekarar 1975, shi ne ya wallafa wani sabon labari da marubuci - "" shuru gudana cikin Don Lokaci ". Kuma daga shekarar 1982 zuwa shekarar 1983 da aka buga tattara ayyukan na Kalinin.

Marubuci ya rasu a 2008, a kan Yuni 12, a wani yankin karkara Puhlyakovsky. Aka binne shi a cikin yadi na gidansa.

Ayoyi Kalinina Anatoliya Veniaminovicha

Poetry Kalinin ba kamar yadda aka sani da ya litattafan. Duk da haka, marubucin ya rubuta da dama waqe da waqe. Bugu da kari, da kayayyaki ya rubuta wani labari game da Don Cossacks a wakoki. Abin takaici, wannan ra'ayin da aka taba aiwatar.

Kalinina Anatoliya Veniaminovicha waqe, kamar ya litattafan, mayar da hankali a kan halin kirki batutuwa, kwaminisanci akida, kazalika da Great Patriotic War. A cikin poetic Lines marubucin karfafa masu karatu su bi da zuciyarka, rayuwa bisa ga sanin yakamata da na yi aiki girma da arziki. Mafi yawa wannan ga mutane, bisa ga Kalinin, shi ne da ikon selflessly bauta wa motherland. Taken sadaukarwa sabis, watakila, ta hanyar gudanar da dukan ayyukan da marubuci.

"Budulai, wanda ba jira"

Wannan fim ne mai karbuwa daga cikin labari "Gypsy," da aka saki a 1994. Darektan fim da aka Alexander Fenko. Harbi da ya faru a kauyen da kuma a kan farm Razdorskaya Kanygin (Rostov Region). Wannan shi ne inda ya aka haife kuma ya rayu mafi ransa ya Kalinin. Raye-raye da kuma songs ana buga ta 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga Gypsy Theater "Romen".

Duk da haka, da mini-jerin "The Gypsy Island" da aka asali yin fim, wanda aka saki a 1993. Kuma kawai a shekara daga baya dangane da shi saka zanen "Budulai, wanda ba jira."

Babban rawa a cikin fim buga da Otar Megvinetuhutsesi. A hoto gaya labarin Gypsy Budulai, wanda ya koma zuwa ga Don Cossack kauyen bayan shekaru 10 a kurkuku.

Saboda haka, mai ban sha'awa da kuma m rayuwar Kalinin. Amma ga marubuci ya yi aiki, shi ne m ga wannan rana.