Soviet marubuci Valentin Kataev: biography, kerawa

Kataev Valentin Petrovich - mai Popular, musamman a cikin Soviet shekaru, marubuci, 'yar jarida, marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo, mawallafi, mawãƙi da screenwriter. A shekara ta 1974, domin shekaru masu yawa na adabi ayyukansu ta aka bayar da suna Hero of Socialist Labor. A cikin ayyukansu da aka halitta da yawa Theatrical productions, fina-finan da kuma Documentaries da majigin yara. Creativity Valentin Kataev ya dace da babu makawa, sai ya kwashe mafi zama dole halin kirki da ilimi, da lura da alheri da kuma bil'adama.

bit na pedigree

Fara tarihin rayuwar wannan sanannen marubuci ta bukatar da ta ban mamaki pedigree. Kuma shi iya samun mai yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa.

Ya uba kakan - Kataev Vasiliy Alekseevich (haife shi a 1819) - shi ne dan wani firist, da bi a cikin zambiyõyin, ya fara sauke karatu daga Vyatka tauhidin Seminary, sa'an nan da Moscow tauhidin Academy, har a karshen bai Vjatskogo Archpriest na Cathedral.

Uba Valentin Petrovich - Kataev Petr Vasilevich - shi ne mai ilimi mutum, a digiri na biyu daga seminary, sa'an nan da Novorossiysk University of Tarihi da kuma Philology da ƙarshe ya zama wani malamin cadets Odessa diocesan makarantu.

Uwar - Bachey Yevgeniya Ivanovna - 'yar Janar na Poltava da komai a fili iyalansu.

A marubuci ya mai kane - Eugene Kataev (alias Bitrus mahaifin sunan), wanda kuma daga baya ya zama wani shahararren marubuci. Af, Eugene - wannan shi ne mafi Petrov, wanda Co-wallafa Ilf ya rubuta sanannun ayyukansu "12 Kujeru" da kuma "The Maraƙin Zinariya".

Valentin Kataev: biography

VP Kataev aka haife shi a Odessa a 1897, Janairu 16. Uwãyensa sun kasance farin ciki biyu, wanda ya yi biyu talented yara (a nan gaba Valentin da Eugene marubuta). Bayan haihuwar ta biyu yaro Yevgeniya Ivanovna fadi da rashin lafiya da ciwon huhu kuma ya mutu. Ilimi da kuma kula da yara dauki up 'yar'uwarta, wanda ya maye gurbin su da kansa uwa.

Su iyali ya unusually manyan library cike da classic, tarihi, da tunani da kuma encyclopedic adabi, wanda shi ne don haka m da Valentin Kataev. Tarihinsa ya nuna cewa iyaye karanta littattafai bayyanãwar sãshenku ga 'ya'yansu.

A farko ayyukansu

Soyayya na gargajiya adabi aka alurar riga kafi yara tun suna yara. Kataev kansa daga baya ya tuna cewa ko da daga baya ya ji cewa ya zama wani marubuci.

Da farko waka "Autumn" da aka buga a cikin latsa "Odessa Herald" a 1910. Fiye da shekaru biyu daga baya da shi da aka buga 25 sauran waqoqi.

A 1912 a cikin wannan jarida fara buga farko comic labaru. Kuma a lokaci guda mika littafin na biyu raba girma daga cikin labarin - "Inuwa haruffa" da "Farkawa." Na farko shi ne a satire a kan Kuprin, M. Kornfeld, Averchenko, yayin da na biyu labarin ne game da wani saurayi soyayya, suka ƙi gare ta ne daga juyin juya halin Musulunci motsi.

aminci

Kafin barkewar Duniya marubuci Valentin Kataev sadu da wallafe-wallafen malamai IA Bunin da PM Fedorov. A kadan daga baya abota da matasa marubuta na Odessa Edward Bagritski da Yuriem Oleshey.

Ya yi bai cika high-makaranta ilimi saboda sa hannu a yakin duniya na farko da kuma yakin basasa, sa'an nan a cikin fadar White motsi.

A 1915 ya sadaukar domin Army Valentin Kataev. Biography ya shaida cewa ya yi aiki a cikin sahu na tushe jami'in, rauni sau biyu, kuma ya karbi gassing.

A lokacin rani na 1917 da marubuci bayan da aka ji rauni a kan Romanian gaban da aka a wani asibiti a Odessa. Ya aka bayar biyu crosses na St. George da kuma Order of St. Anne IV «Domin Jajircewa". Tare da farko jami'in daraja ga sirri nasarori, ya samu ba hereditary daraja take.

halittar

A yakin gudu kan kankara cikin kayayyakin lokaci rubuta labaru da makala kishin rayuwa a gaban. A cikin mujallar "The dukan duniya" a 1915 a karon farko a shafukan da Moscow wallafa gidan wallafa labarin "Niemczyk."

Babban kuma kawai malaminsa Kataev tunani Ivan Bunin, wanda ya hadu a cikin Odessa, a kai sanar da marubuci A. Fedorov.

Civic

Bayan Odessa asibiti a 1918 Kataev samun su bauta a cikin rundunar sojojin Hetman Skoropadsky, da kuma bayan ya m da kuma ficewarsa a Berlin ke zuwa mai sa sojojin da daraja na biyu leftana. Sa'an nan, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai sojan igwa a kan wani sulke jirgin kasa "New Rasha" ya yi yaƙi da Petliura a cikin Winery da kuma ja - a Berdichev.

Kafin farkon ritaya a 1920 a Zhmerinka ya dama rashin lafiya tare da typhus, kuma ya aka sake jiran cikin Odessa asibiti sa'an nan gida, har yanzu rashin lafiya da rauni, kai shi gida. Bayan ya warkar da ya zama karkashin kasa ma'aikacin jami'in ƙulla makirci a PN Wrangel. Ba da da ewa da ɗan'uwansa Eugene aka kama shi kuma aka gudanar a kurkuku har sai Satumba 1920, sa'an nan kuma suka saki, da sauran 'yan maƙarƙashiya kashe wannan fall.

Moscow

A 1921, ya yi aiki a Kharkov bugu gidan tare da Yuriem Oleshey da rents wani Apartment tare da shi. A 1922, Kataev mayar da su cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma fara aiki a cikin jaridar "fito", duk da articles na wancan lokacin sun m da satirical yanayi, da ya sanya hannu pseudonyms Mitrofan Mustard, Old Man Sabbakin, ol. Karkatarwa.

A lokacin da a 1938 ya aka kama da mawãƙi Osip Mandelstam, waɗanda ayyukansu aka yarda da Soviet hukuma kamar yadda libelous da kuma na batsa, Kataev ya taimaka wa iyali kudi.

wartime

The yaki da farkisanci invaders Kataev-kashe lokaci a matsayin yaki wakilinmu. A wancan lokaci, ya rubuta gajejjeran labaru, makala, aikin jaridar articles. Daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukansu daga waɗanda shekara da aka labarin da "Ubanmu."

Kafin babbar nasara, ya rubuta sanannun labari "The Tinder Box", da kuma a shekarar 1946 shi zai sami domin Jihar Prize.

Bayan yaki birgima karfe sha kwanaki da yawa wuya sha, da cewa kusan kai ga ya saki daga matarsa na Valentin Serov. Amma ya canza tunaninsa a lokacin, ja kansa tare da sallama sha.

Valentin Kataev: Littafi

A lokacin daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekarar 1961 Kataev kafa mujallar "Matasa", kuma ya kasance ta edita a shugaba. Ga shi fa, tã yi a kan aiki na duk da haka ba a sani ba matasa, amma sosai alamar rahama kasida da marubuta, da ake kira sittin.

Abu ne mai sauqi, sauki da kuma m harshe ya rubuta ayyukansa, Valentin Kataev, ya littattafai sun zama Popular. A farko nasarar da ya kawo shi labari "embezzler" (1926), sa'an nan ya bi ta hanyar "Squaring da Circle" (1928), "Lokaci, gaba!" (1932). Ya kamata kuma a lura da labarin "Tsarki To" (1965), "Grass abu wulakantacce" (1967) "Diamond ta kambi" (1975), "Cushe estuary" (1986), da dai sauransu

Har ila yau halitta mai yawa ayyuka na Valentin Kataev ga yara da kuma matasa, a nan ya yi wahayi sabon fuskoki dabam-dabam na aikinsa. A farkon 40s da ya fara buga wa labari "Fife da tulun", "Golubok", "Tsvetik-Semitsvetik". Kuma a shekarar 1945 daga labari "Zhemchuzhinka" da "dungu", wanda yake shi ne bakin ciki sosai, ya tattauna halin kirki al'amurran da suka shafi.

Sosai a hankali, kuma a hankali ya zo da yaro da bincikensa, Valentin Kataev. Tarihinsa ya kasance kullum yafi alaka da kerawa. A 1926 ya fara haifar da da tetralogy "Black Sea Waves", wanda ya hada da labarin "LonE White Sail" (1936), "catacombs" (1951), "A gona a hamada" (1956), "Winter iska "(1960).

Bayan Kataeva ya so ya sanya manyan edita na "Literary jaridar", amma wani abu da aka ba ci gaba. Sa'an nan a shekarar 1966 ya kasance daga 25 al'adu Figures hannu da wata wasika LI Brezhnev - da nan mai mulkin Tarayyar Soviet, da gyaran Stalin.

A 1979, da "New World" da aka buga labari "riga rubuta Werther" a abin da ya bayyana asirin su hallara a fadar White motsi da kuma kama. Wannan labarin a cikin al'umma ya sa mai girma komabaya. Marubuci a lokacin shi ne a '83.

A karshen rayuwar Kataev Valentin Petrovich da tiyata, sai ya cire wani cancerous ƙari. A cikin 90 ga watan shekara na rayuwa, 12 Afrilu 1986, da marubuci ya tafi. Kabarinsa ne a cikin Novodevichy hurumi a Moscow.